5. Coöperation with National authorities for securing largest returns from resources within Oregon boundaries and for equitable relationships in sharing them.

IV. ORDER OF ATTENTION

The order in which attention to these problems should be emphasized because of degree of timeliness as determined by keenness of public interest in them: (a) System of highway improvement called for by the Oregon situation. (b) Best advancement in utilization of our water resources in drainage, irrigation and power development. (c) Coöperation with National Government. (d) Unemployment or irregularity of employment. (e) City planning activities. (f) Legislative reform to secure deliberation and aid of best light and technique. (g) Conservation of human life. However, each of the different groups of the population of the State should at all times be making progress with the particular problem which has largest appeal to it.

V. UNNATURAL HANDICAPS IN THE OREGON SITUATION TO BE REMOVED

1. Restrictive clauses in State Constitution pertaining to taxation, preventing development of a rational system of taxation.

2. Lack of recognition that in efficient public service activities we have our best leverage for achieving progress. This blindness is exhibited in arbitrary restriction of them through tax limitations.

3. Disproportion between the prizes for speculative winnings and those for productive achievements. Special taxes on unearned increments would aid toward removing such disproportion.

4. Failure of the spirit to "live-and-help-to-live" to control attitude in all everyday business and social relationships.

Education the World's Permanent Open Door to Peace, Plenty and Happiness

An Introductory Statement.

No. 2

Happy is the people that succeeds in so maintaining its institutions that life under them is distinctly and fully educational. In such a commonwealth the church, the state, the factory and the farm, as well as the school, pursue policies and employ tactics that make learning and training, or growth, continuous from the cradle to the grave. Each new experience then means for every citizen better equipment of body, mind or soul. Daily problems yield information, habit and character. Every resource, natural and human, is made to serve its best purpose. Commonwealth progress of the highest order is assured and achieved.

The first requisite for enabling the people of Oregon to enkindle in their commonwealth organization and affairs this educational verve is a true and clear vision by all of Oregon's normal role in the world's affairs. In "Oregon's Outward Look," the first paper of this number of the Commonwealth Review, we have a forecast, a searchlight projection as it were, revealing the way forward to enduring greatness of the state. This outward look suggests thorough mutual understanding as the condition necessary to ensure peace, appreciation and regard. This search by each people for the elements of worth and nobility in the other will engender and foster in the hearts of men the sentiment for democracy and co-operation. So in earnest is the author of "Oregon's Outward Look" that he writes: "I wish I were rich, that I might endow a department in Oregon whose sole business would be to study the government, the social and economic conditions, and the state policies of the three great states that lie over

against us on the Pacific, Russia, Japan, China. Then I should like to go to Oregon, when that was done, and plead with the young men in the schools to go there and take the courses of that department with the serious purpose of men who had one day to do with those nations in working out our own nation's policy and destiny."

The elation of spirit that comes from vision is indispensable and vital, but it must, if it is to function in this mundane sphere, invest physical bodies. These must needs be informed, trained and organized for effective group action. Thus arise the problems of effective and uniform financial support of our schools for the youth and problems of administrative reorganization. It is a far cry from the social conditions, under which the education of the child was regarded as virtually the responsibility solely of its parents, to the present, when wider and wider community responsibility is normally assumed. Commensurate readjustment of our fiscal machinery to this new dispensation is the problem discussed in the paper on the sources of "School Funds and Their Apportionment." In like manner this wider communal interest in the efficiency of the educational work calls for the selection of just the normal unit or agency of school administration. The argument for the shift from the nearly autonomous school district in Oregon to a county school unit organization as presented in the paper on the "County Plan" seems valid.

In the continuing readjustment of the division of labor among the social institutions as our social order increases its complexities, larger and larger is the weight of the burden of preparing for life under twentieth century conditions shifted onto the school. The family, the shop, the farm, the church, the state-all are relinquishing responsibilities which are heaped on the schools. Under this situation the problem of adequate preparation of the teacher becomes more and more exigent. The papers on "Training Teachers in High Schools" and on "Teachers' Institutes" indicate how these agencies may be brought into more effective use for meeting this stupendous need of the adequate fitting of the teacher for present day school responsibilities.