386 DE LANCEY-DELAVAN council in 1729, and in 1730 was the chief author | in 1864 and 1866, in 1869 was appointed Commisof the "Montgomery Charter" of the city of New sioner of Internal Revenue, and in the same year York. In 1733 he was made chief justice of was made Secretary of the Interior. He held the New York. He was made colonial governor in latter office until 1875, after which he became a 1753-55, and again in 1757, serving on the latter banker and farmer. Died Oct. 23, 1896. w.F.J. occasion until his death, which occurred in 1760. DE LA RAMÉE, LOUISE, best known by His name is borne by one of the streets of New her pen-name of OUIDA, novelist; was born in York City. W.F.J. England in 1840. She DE LANCEY, WILLIAM HEATHCOTE, clergy- has written many roman, was born at Mamaroneck, N. Y., on Oc-mances of great but untober 8, 1797, and was graduated from Yale equal power. Among College in 1817. He entered the Protestant Epis- her earlier and melodracopal ministry in 1819, and in 1822 went to Phil- matic ones are Strathadelphia as the chief aid and "adopted son" of more; Chandos; Under Bishop White. In 1828 he became provost of Two Flags, Idalia, and the University of Pennsylvania, and filled the Tricotrin. Others dealplace for six years. He then returned to the min- ing with social intrigues. istry, and in 1839 was chosen first bishop of the were Moths; In a Winter new diocese of western New York. In 1852 he City; Wanda, etc. visited England and was the first American bishop Among her later works to take part officially with English bishops in are Don Gesualdo; Moufservices in St. Paul's cathedral and Westminster flou; flou; The Tower of LOUISE DE LA RAMÉE. Abbey. He died on April 5, 1865. W.F.J. Taddeo; The Silver Christ, and The New Priesthood. She has devoted much attention to humanitarian work. Some of her romances have been dramatized. C.L.S. DE LAND, Florida, a town, the seat of Volusia County, and the terminus of a branch line of the Savannah, Florida & Western, and Silver Springs, Ocala & Gulf railroad, 108 miles south of Jacksonville. It is a winter resort, the seat of the John B. Stetson University, and a sugar-cane, orange, peach, melon, etc., and lumber growing center, with supplemental manufacturing industries. Population, 1900, 1,449. DELAND, MARGARETTA WADE (CAMPBELL), author; born in Allegheny, Pa., Feb. 23, 1857; was educated at Pelham Priory, New Rochelle, N. Y., and afterward studied in Cooper Union, New York city. In 1878-79 she was a teacher of industrial design in the Girls' Normal College, New York. She was married in 1880 to Lorin F. Deland, of Boston, Mass. Her prose works were John Ward, Preacher (1888); Florida Days (1889); Sidney (1890); Philip and His Wife (1894); Old Chester Days, a series of MARGARETTA W. DELAND. sketches, etc. DELANO, COLUMBUS, statesman, was born in Vermont in 1809, removed to Ohio, practiced law, was elected to Congress in 1844, was commissary-general of Ohio in 1861, member of the Ohio legislature in 1863, was elected to Congress W.F.J. DELATOR, an informer or accuser. The original use of the term was for any kind of a carrier, but soon it was applied only to those who brought evil reports. In Rome the delatores held sway for a time and were paid for their services by the government. They apprehended assassins and accused persons of crimes. They brought accusations against various public officials, a great many times wrongfully. many times wrongfully. They became such an evil under Domitian that the next emperor, Nerva, ordered them to be driven out. DELAUNAY, CHARLES EUGÈNE, a French astronomer; born April 9, 1816, at Lusigny, professor of higher mechanics at the Polytechnical School of Paris and at the Sarhonne; was drowned Aug. 5, 1872, at Cherbourg. See Vol. XVI, p. 827, andVol. X, p. 201. G.A.S. DELAUNAY, EMANUEL. See ANTRAIGUES, COMTE D' in these Supplements. He DELAUNAY, LOUIS ARSENE, a French actor, probably the greatest of the French actors of his day. He was born in Paris, March 21, 1826. He began his stage life in 1846, at the Odéon. He was chosen by many of the French playwrights for the first presentation of their work. created the part of Hernani, in Hugo's play of that name, and the part of Télémaque, in Ulysse. Was made a chevalier of the Legion of Honor, and in 1877 professor of dramatic oratory at the Conservatory. Retired in 1887. Died Sept. 22, 1903, DELAVAN, a railroad town of Tazewell County, northern central Illinois, about 157 miles S.W. of Chicago, on the Chicago and Alton and the Peoria, Decatur and Evansville railroads. It has a variety of manufactories and a popu lation (1890) of 1,176 (1900), of 1,304. DELAVÁN, a village of Walworth County, Wisconsin, in the southeastern part of the state. DELAVAN-DELAWARE It lies on Lake Delavan, and is reached by the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul railroad, 4 miles S.W. of Milwaukee, and 75 miles N.W. of Chicago. It contains a state asylum for the deaf and dumb. Population, 1900, 2,244. W.F.J. DELAVAN, EDWARD CORNELIUS, reformer, was born in Schenectady County, New York, in 1793, became a wine merchant and hotel proprietor, the well-known Delavan House at Albany, N. Y., having been built by him. After a prosperous career in such businesses he became converted to the temperance cause, and joined Dr. Eliphalet Nott, of Union College, and others in organizing the first state temperance society in New York. He lectured and wrote much in behalf of temperance, and spent in that interest freely the fortune he had made in wine selling. He was involved in numerous law suits on account of his zeal in attacking the liquor dealers, but was invariably successful in them. He was the founder of the Journal of the American Temperance Union. He died on January 15, 1871. W. F. J. DELAWARE. For general account and history up to 1870, see Vol. VII, pp. 39, 40. The 387 yield large crops and find a ready market in New York and Philadelphia. In 1900, the peach crop was a greatly reduced one in contrast with former years, apples and pears, in part, taking their place. Immense quantities are canned, this industry being one of Delaware's most profitable lines of export. The strawberry crop also adds largely to the aggregate of the annual value of agricultural products. The census returns show Delaware to have (in 1900) 1,417 specified manufacturing industries, with an aggregate invested capital of $41,203, 239, employing 22,203 hands, paying in wages $9, 263,661, LIBERTY AND INDEPENDENCE STATE SEAL OF DELAWARE. climate of Delaware is mild and healthful, except 414,610 128,193 43,337 221,411 989,848 Hay and forage (tons). The total number of farms is given as 9,687, their acreage as 1,066, 228, with a total valuation of $34,436,040. The farm implements and machinery were valued at $2,150, 560, and the livestock at $4,111,054. The estimated value of farm products was $9, 190, 777. In 1900, the number of farm-animals, with their value, was as follows: Horses, 28, 132, value $1,725,515; mules, 4,635, value $339,951; milch cows, 32,591, value $993,972; oxen, 21,589, value $346,913; sheep, 11,764, value $43,588; swine, 46,732, value $234,472. The soil, climate and proximity to market all combine to make fruit-growing profitable, and peaches, apples and the small fruits all STATE CAPITOL, DOVER, DELAWARE. and producing $45,387,630 worth of goods. The principal industries were the manufacture of cot ton goods, car-building, the manufacture of chemicals and fertilizers, foundries and machine-shops, flouring-mills, iron and steel works, leather goods, etc. Over eighteen hundred hands were employed in ship-building, the shipyards at Wilmington being especially extensive. In sea-fisheries large capital is invested and many persons engaged. The oyster industry alone has some five hundred vessels and boats constantly employed throughout the season. The number of miles of railroad in operation in 1891 was 333, with a capital of more than $7,000,000, and $112,347,873 representing the cost of equipment. At the beginning of 1900 the total state assets were $1,118,509, the total liabilities $769,750. The school fund was $115,442, having been much depleted during the three years preceding by the expenditure of $42, 187 for the purchase of free textbooks for the schools of the state. In 1895 there were six thousand colored children of school age in the state, who had never had the privileges of attending a public school. The total number of children within the school age (5 to 18 years) was, at the time of the enumeration in 1900, 40,400; enrolled in the schools, 22,254; average daily attendance, 15,938. The state college at Newark is conducted at an expense of about forty thousand dollars per year. The agricultural ex 388 DELAWARE BAY-DELBRÜCK periment station, in connection with the college, receives as government aid about $35,000 annually. There is also a college at Wilmington, and a separate institution for colored students. the army in Holland and in Ireland. In 1602 he succeeded to the barony of De la Warr, and became a privy counsellor of Queen Elizabeth. He was one of the founders of the colony of Virginia, and in 1609 was appointed its governor and captain-general for life. In the summer of 1610 he reached the colony with succor just in time to save it from ruin and abandonment. His gov with shattered health in 1611. In March, 1618, he started back to Virginia, but died on the way. The state and river of Delaware were named for him. W.F.J. Among state institutions are the State Hospital for the Insane, at Farnhurst, with about 250 patients, the Industrial School for Girls, and the Industrial School for Boys. The deaf and dumb, the blind, and feeble-minded children are main-ernorship was wise, but brief, for he went home tained in institutions outside the state, their support being provided for by annual appropriations. There are about 300 churches in the state, the Methodist denominations leading in point of numbers. Of the 43 newspapers published in the state at the beginning of 1899, 6 are daily, 1 semiweekly, 29 weekly, 3 semimonthly, and 4 monthly. Wilmington, the principal city of Delaware, had a population (1900) of 76,508; Dover, the capital, 3,329; Newcastle, 3,380. Important towns and villages are Smyrna, Middletown, Milford, Seaford, Lewes, Delaware City, and Newark. Population of State 1890, 168,493; 1900, 184,735, of which 153,977 were white, 30,697 colored, 51 Chinese, and Indians. 9 A new state constitution went into effect on June 10, 1897. The nickname given Delaware is the "Blue Hen State" and the state flower adopted is Peach Blossom. The following is a list of the governors Delaware from 1789: Caleb Rodney. 1822-23 1823-24 Joseph Haslett. Samuel Paynter. Charles C. Stockley. 1824-27 R. J. Reynolds. 1827-30 J. H. Marvil. David Hazzard. Caleb P. Bennett. Charles Polk. Cornelius P. Comegys 1830-33 W. P. Watson. 1833-36 E. W. Tunnell 1836-37 John Hunn. Preston Lea. of 1840-44 DELAWARE CITY is a village in Newcas tle County, Delaware, in the northern part of the state. It lies on the Delaware River, twelve miles from Wilmington, at the terminus of the Chesapeake and Delaware canal, opposite the city of Salem in New Jersey, and is reached by the Philadelphia, Wilmington & Baltimore railroad. Its population in 1900 was 1,132. w.F.J. DELAWARE INDIANS. For history, see INDIANS, Vol. XII, p. 870. The Delawares, with the exception of a scattered remnant in Ontario, Canada, are a part of the Cherokee Nation, in the Indian Territory, and number about 1,700. DELAWARE RIVER, a river which rises in Delaware County, southern New York, flows westward till it reaches Pennsylvania, when it becomes the eastern boundary of that state. Its general course is southward, though it makes several turns toward the east and west. Near Shroudsburg, Pennsylvania, it breaks through the Kittatinny 1846 Mountains, at the Delaware Water Gap (q. v.), a 1846-47 place of remarkable beauty of scenery. Trenton 1847-51 and Philadelphia are the most important points ou the river, Trenton being the head of navigation. DELAWARE RIVER OR GRASSHOPPER 1863-67 CREEK, a river of northeastern Kansas, rises In 1867-71 Nemaha County, flows south-southeast and empties into the Kansas, 12 miles above Lawrence. 1879-83 Its length is about 75 miles. Its valley is very fer1883-87 tile and coal is found in the vicinity. 1851-55 1855-59 1859-63 1871-75 1875-79 1887-91 1891-95 .1895 1895-97 W.F.J. DELAWARE WATER GAP, one of the most beautiful bits of natural scenery in America, is the point where the Delaware River breaks 1897-1901 through the Kittatinny range of the Appalachian 1901-05 Mountains, between Mount Minsi and Mount 1905 Tammany, through a gorge 1,000 feet deep. The DELAWARE BAY is the broad estuary of name is also borne by a village. the Delaware River (q. v.), opening into the Atlantic Ocean between Cape May, New Jersey, and Cape Henlopen, Delaware, these being called the Capes of the Delaware. It is nearly 30 miles long, from the capes to Ship John Light, and nearly 30 miles wide at the widest part. It contains many shoals, which are marked with lights, but has a good ship channel 30 feet deep, leading from the river to the ocean. A great breakwater has been built at Cape Henlopen, sheltering the bay from storms. DE LA WARR, EARLS OF, a family of the Brit. ish nobility, whose family name is West. The De la Warrs succeeded the Gresleys in the manorial rights of the town of Manchester, England. The title of Baron De la Warr was first given Sir Regi nald West in the thirteenth century. The title was changed to Baron West in 1343, but reverted to De la Warr in 1579. The present (1896) Earl of De la Warr is Reginald Windsor Sackville. His eldest soa and heir, bears the courtesy title of Viscount Cantelupe. DELBRÜCK, MARTIN FRIEDRICH RUDOLF, statesman; was born in Berlin on April 16, 1817, and was educated at Magdeburg, Halle, Bonn and Berlin. He practiced law with distinguished DELCASSÉ-DELITZSCH success, and then entered the civil service of the Prussian government. He was connected with the ministry of finance, and also that of commerce. In 1864 he negotiated important commercial treaties, and in 1867 was made president of the federal chancellery of the North German Bund. In this office he gained great influence among all the German states, and was thus enabled to induce them to unite in the present German Empire during the war of 1870-71. He was the principal author of the imperial constitution, and was chancellor of the empire from 1871-76. remained a prominent member of the Reichstag until 1880, when he retired. W.F.J. He DELCASSE, THEOPHILE, French French statesman and minister for foreign affairs, was born at affairs, was born at Pamiers, March 1, 1852. He began his career as a journalist on the staff of La Republic Française, writing chiefly on foreign affairs. In 1889 he was elected to the French chamber; in 1894 he became minister for the colonies; in 1898 minister for foreign affairs; and again, in 1899, he was selected for the same office in the Waldeck-Rousseau Cabinet, succeeding M. Hanotaux. He is an advocate of French colonial expansion, and has dealt skilfully with affairs in Africa and in the Nile Valley, and especially with the disturbing Fashoda affair. DELEGATED GENERAL CONFERENCES. See METHODIST CHURCHES in these these Supplements. DELEGATION, in law, means the transfer of a power or right by one or more persons to another. Any person capable of acting for himself may delegate the authority to another to act for him in most matters which concern his own rights. But when a bare power has been given to one, he cannot, as a rule, delegate it to another, for the reason that his principal has relied upon his ability and skill in granting the power. The question of the right of an agent to delegate his authority as an agent so as to bind his principal is a question frequently before the courts, and its determination depends chiefly upon the character of the agency. DELESCLUZE, LOUIS CHARLES, a French communist, was born at Dreux, Oct. 2, 1809. His extreme political opinions made him obnoxious to the authorities, and he was repeatedly imprisoned, fined, and on one occasion banned from the country. His journal, Le Réveil, started in 1868 to advocate the doctrines of the International, brought him again into trouble. In the infamous history of the Paris Commune he played a prominent part, and upon his head rests, in great part, the guilt of its most execrable atrocities-the murder of the hostages. He was killed on the last barricade, May 28, 1871. 389 DELFTWARE. See POTTERY and PORCELAIN, DELGADA OR PONTA DELGADA, the lar- DELHI, a village and the capital of Delaware DELIBES, CLÉMENT PHILIBERT LEO, French In DELIQUESCENCE (Lat., deliquesco, to melt down). When certain saline substances are exposed to the air, and absorb a sufficient quantity of moisture to dissolve them into a liquid, they are said to be deliquesce. W.R.B. DELIRIUM TREMENS, see DELIRIUM, Vol. W.R.B. DELITESCENCE (Lat., delitescere, to lie hid). In surgery when a tumor very suddenly and unexpectedly subsides, it is said to terminate in delitescence. W.R.B. DELISLE, GUILLAUME, a French geographer; born in Paris, Feb. 28, 1675; died there, Jan. 25, 1726. He was directed to the study of geography by his father, Claude Delisle, himself a noted geographer. In 1700 he completed the work for which he is famous, the change of the then existing system of geography. This work directed public attention to him, and in recognition of his services he was made "Geographer to the King" by Louis XV. See also GEOGRAPHY, Vol. X, p. 168. His brother, JOSEPH NICHOLAS DELISLE, a noted astronomer. See LISLE, Vol. XIV, p. 700. DELITZSCH, ADOLF FRANZ, theologian; born in Leipsic, Germany, Feb. 23, 1813; educated at DE LESSEPS, FERDINAND. See LESSEPS, FER- the University of Leipsic in theology and the OriDINAND DE, in these Supplements. ental languages. He became a professor at RosDELFSHAVEN OR DELFTSHAVEN, tock, and made himself widely known while there Netherlands, a fishing and shipbuilding town of by his History of the Poetry of the Jews and his South Holland, on the Maas, 2 miles west of Rot- translation of the pastoral drama II Pastor Fido terdam. Here on July 22, 1620, the Pilgrim Fa-into Hebrew. He accepted in 1850 the chair of thers embarked for Southampton to proceed to theology at the University of Erlangen, where he America. Population, 13,200. wrote commentaries on some of the Scriptural C. L.S. ! 390 DELITZSCH-DELPHINUS place is the base of supplies for the San Juan mines. Population 1890, 736; 1900, 705. DE LONG, GEORGE WASHINGTON, naval commander and Arctic explorer, was born in New York City on August 22, 1844, and was educated at the United States Naval Academy, from which he was graduated in 1865. By 1879 he had become lieutenant-commander. In the fall of that year he was selected to command the Arctic expedition sent northward by way of Behring Strait in the ship Jeannette, at the instance and at the expense of James Gordon Bennett. (See POLAR REGIONS, Vol. XIX, p. 338. The expedition met with disaster, and after heroic struggles and great suffering De Long died in the Delta of the widow, Emma De Long, published The Voyage of the Jeannette, in 1883, and an account of his struggles and death, and of the heroic search for the few survivors of his party, is given by Admiral Melville, who led the relief expedition, in his In the Lena Delta. DELIUS, NICOLAUS, a German Shakespearean critic; born Oct. 19, 1813, at Bremen; studied at Bonn and Berlin, and in 1855, became professor of Romance, Sanskrit and English at the University of Bonn, where he died, Nov. 18, 1888. His works on Shakespeare mark a departure in litera-Lena River, in Siberia, on October 30, 1881. His ture. Among them are The Works of Shakespeare (7 vols., 1854-65); Pseudoshakespearean Dramas (1856-74); Shakespeare Lexicon (1852); Studies on Romance Literature of the Middle Ages. G.A.S. DELLA CRUSCAN ACADEMY, an institution founded in 1582, in Florence, Italy, with a view to purifying and perfecting the Tuscan tongue. See ACADEMY, Vol. I, p. 71. W.F.J. DELORME, MARION, a Frenchwoman who be came notorious in the seventeenth century. She made her house the rallying-point of the chiefs of the "Frondeurs" during the first disturbances of that party, and for this Mazarin was about to imprison her, when she suddenly died. Previous to the time of the Frondeurs she had held sway over the Duke of Buckingham, Cardinal Richelieu, the Duc de Brissac, and others almost as prominent. She was a woman of great beauty and brilliant wit. Victor Hugo made her the subject of one of his historical novels, and her character was repre sented in the drama Cinq Mars (1826), by Alfred de Vigny. DELLA CRUSCAN SCHOOL. About the year 1785 there was published The Florence Miscellany, a collection of verses written by a number of English residents at Florence as an amusement during their idle hours. The insipidity, affectation and fantastic silliness of the productions transcend all belief, but at that period poetry was at so low an ebb that a crowd soon admired and began to imitate them. The Della Cruscans, taking their name from the academy at Florence, now began to print their works in England, mainly in two daily newspapers, called The World and DELORME, PHILIBERT, a French architect; born The Oracle. These effusions were published in in Lyons, about 1518; died in 1577. He attracted great numbers until 1794, when the keen satire of attention while still in Lyons, and was soon called William Gifford, in his Baviad, made the writers to Paris, where he designed the Tuileries, the appear so ridiculous that their enthusiasm was chateaux at Meudon and Anet, and aided in build. soon spent. Prominent among these writers were ing the chateau at Fontainebleau. He studied in Mrs. Hannah Cowley ("Anna Matilda"), Robert Rome, and, upon his return to France, strove to reMerry ("Della Crusca"), and Edward Jerning-place the Gothic styles with those of the Romans. ham ("The Bard"). He published one work, New Inventions for Building Well at Little Expense. DELMAR, ALEXANDER, author, was born in New York City on August 9, 1836, was educated at New York University, and became a journalist, on the American Daily Times, Hunt's Merchants' Magazine, The Financial and Commercial Chronicle, The National Intelligencer, and other periodicals. He founded The Social Science Review in 1864. He was director of the U. S. Bureau of Statistics in 1865, and U. S. representative to the international statistical congress in 1872. He has devoted much attention to public finance, and has written a number of books upon that and other topics, besides many essays and pamphlets. W.F.J. DEL NORTE, the capital of Rio Grande County, southern Colorado, on the Rio Grande River, and on the Denver and Rio Grande railroad. It is one of the chief towns of southwestern Colorado, and is situated at an elevation of 7,807 feet, amid fine picturesque scenery. This DELPHI, Indiana, the seat of Carroll County, at the junction of Deer Creek with the Wabash River, and on the Wabash & Erie Canal, the Wabash, the New Albany & Chicago, and the Louisville railroads, 66 miles northwest of Indianapolis. Paper, strawboard, flax, cement, etc., are manufactured. Pop., 1900, 2,135. DELPHIN CLASSICS. See BIBLIOGRAPHY, Vol. III, p. 568. DELPHINIDE. p. 401. DELPHINIUM. C.L.S. See MAMMALIA, Vol. XV, See HORTICULTURE, Vol. DELPHINUS, a constellation in the northern hemisphere, near Aquila. It is commonly called "Job's Coffin," on account of its shape; however, the derivation of the name, meaning a dolphin, would indicate that the ancients likened it to that fish. This that fish. Its brightest star is one between the |