406

DEVIL-WORSHIPERS-DEWEY

and became head of the Liberal Unionists, which sided with the Conservatives and held the cabinet of Salisbury in power by their support in Parliament. In 1895 he became lord president of council in the third cabinet of Lord Salisbury.

and of a small village in the northeastern part of | ing resigned in 1885 he seceded from his old party North Dakota. The village is on the Great Northern railroad, 90 miles N.W. of Grand Forks, and is the capital of Ramsey County. The lake, formerly known as Minne-Wakan, forms the boundary between Benson and Ramsey counties. It is 40 miles long, about 10 miles wide, and its surface is 1,467 feet above sea-level. It has no visible outlet, and its waters are saline. Population, 1900, 1,729.

DEVIL WORSHIPERS OR YEZEEDEES, an ancient sect of unknown origin, living in the vicinity of Mosul, Asiatic Turkey. This obscure race appears to be a relic of the ancient Chaldeans, but their creed is a compound of Christianity, Chaldean superstitions and Mohammedanism. They believe in one Supreme God respecting whom they preserve great mystery. They also believe in Satan as chief of the angelic host, and that he is to be propitiated both on account of his present power to do harm and his future power to do good. They believe in the existence of seven archangels next in order after Satan, and that Christ was an angelic being in human shape, but that he did not die on the cross. On New Year's Day the Yezeedees hold a festival in propitiation of Satan.

W.R.B.

DE VINNE, THEODORE Low, printer; was born at Stamford, Connecticut, on December 25, 1828, and at an early age learned the trade of a printer in a country newspaper office. In 1848 he settled in New York city, and was employed in a printing office, of which he soon became foreman and then junior partner. In 1883 he became the head of the firm of T. L. De Vinne and Co., now known as The De Vinne

Press, and since that time has made it one of the foremost printing houses in the world. He has been president of the New York Typothetæ, and has written The Invention of Printing; Historic Types; Plain Printing Types; Correct Composition, and Title Pages.

p. 301.

BEVONSHIRE, SPENCER CAVENDISH, EIGHTH DUKE OF, and MARQUIS OF HARTINGTON, son of William Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire, and Count of Burlington, born July 23, 1833. He studied at Eton and Cambridge, and in 1857 entered the House of Commons where he in 1859 effected the downfall of Derby's cabinet. In 1863 he became lord of admiralty under Palmerston, in 1866 under-secretary of state for war under Gladstone-Russell; in 1868 postmastergeneral, and in 1871 chief secretary for Ireland under Gladstone. In 1865 he was elected unanimously leader of the Liberal party, when he again served as secretary of state for India from 1880-82, and as secretary of war in 1882. Hav.

G.A.S.

DEVONSHIRE, WILLIAM CAVENDISH, DUKE OF, born April 27, 1808; died in Milnethorpe, Dec. 21, 1891. He was the seventh Duke of Devonshire, succeeding to the title in 1858. Although a member of the House of Commons, and, later by accession to the title, of the House of Lords, he never took a prominent part in politics, devoting himself to business and the manufacture of iron. Possessed of one of the largest estates in England, he was able to carry out large plans, and thereby greatly benefit the industries of the country. The towns of Eastbourne and Barrow-in-Furness are mainly of his building.-His son, LORD FREDERICK CHARLES CAVENDISH, an English statesman, was born at Eastbourne, Sussex, Nov. 30, 1836. He was private secretary to Lord Granville from 1859 to 1864; sat in Parliament for several years; was private secretary to W. E. Gladstone from 1872 to 1873; and financial secretary of the Treasury from 1880 to 1882. Then, as Gladstone's olive branch to Ireland, he was appointed chief secretary to the Lord Lieutenant, but was assassinated, with Under-Secretary Burke, in the Phoenix Park, Dublin, within a few days of his landing, May 6, 1882. His brutal murder excited the indignation of the civilized world, for his qualities had endeared him to many people.

DEW. See METEOROLOGY, Vol. XVI, pp. 125, 126. DEWDNEY, EDGAR, a Canadian statesman; born in Devonshire, England, in 1835. He removed to British Columbia in 1859 and became an engineer on the Canadian Pacific Railway Survey. In 1868 he was elected to the provincial parliament from Kootenay, and from 1872 to 1878 served in the Dominion Parliament. In 1879 he was appointed Indian commissioner, and in 1888 was minister of the interior. In 1892 he was appointed governor of British Columbia.

W.M.C.

DE WET, CHRISTIAN, a Boer general who figured prominently in the closing months of the Boer War as a leader of a guerrilla band of the Orange Free State burghers. His movements in which enabled him and his band of scouts and raiders to elude capture for several months, and to harass British columns in the attempt to run him and his following to earth. His aptitude for guerrilla warfare and ubiquity in turning up at unexpected places were very tantalizing as well as embarrassing to the British.

DEWEY, CHESTER, educator; was born at Sheffield, Mass., on October 25, 1784, and was graduated from Williams College in 1806. 1808 he became minister of a Congregational Church, and also a tutor at Williams College, and two years later became professor of mathematics and natural philosophy for seventeen years. After filling other professorships he became from

Then came his appointment, in the end of 1897,
to the command of the Asiatic squadron, upon
receiving which he remarked that he would be
the first commodore in Asiatic waters since Perry.
For a full account of the events leading up to,
and including, the destruction of the Spanish
fleet, see MANILA, BATTLE OF, in these Supple-
ments. The result of that engagement is best
told in the words of the dispatch he sent to Presì-
dent McKinley: "Manila, May 1.- Squadron
arrived at Manila at daybreak this morning. Im-
mediately engaged, and destroyed the following
Spanish vessels: Reina Christina, Castilla, Don
Antonio de Ulloa, Isla de Luzon, Isla de Cuba,
General Lezo, Marquis del Duero, Cano, Vel-
asco, Isla de Mindanao, a transport and water
battery at Cavité. The squadron is uninjured,
and only a few men are slightly wounded.
This dispatch was received by the President, May
7, and he at once sent his thanks to the Commo-
dore, notifying him, also, that in recognition of
his "splendid achievement" he had been ap-
pointed acting rear-admiral. On May 9, the
President, in a message to Congress, recommended
that the thanks of Congress be awarded to "Acting
Rear-Admiral George Dewey for highly distin-
guished conduct in conflict with the enemy, and
to the officers and men under his command."
A
joint-resolution of thanks was passed, a sword of
honor voted to the Admiral, and medals voted to
commemorate the victory.

1836 to 1850 principal of the Collegiate Institute | his advance to commodore, in 1896, he headed the at Rochester, N. Y., and when the University of Board of Inspection and Review. Rochester was organized he was made its professor of chemistry and natural philosophy. This place he resigned in 1860, because of failing health, but was able thereafter to give much time to scientific research and to the writing of books, chiefly on botany and zoology. He died on December 5, 1867. W.F.J. DEWEY, GEORGE, American admiral. He was born Dec. 26, 1837, at Montpelier, Vt., being the third son of Julius Gemano Dewey, M.D., who was the 9th in descent from the founder of the family, which, originating in Sandwich, England, settled in Dorchester, Massachusetts, in 1633. In 1852 he went to the Norwich Military Academy, Vermont, where he formed the desire of going to Annapolis, which was realized through Senator Foote's nomination. He entered the academy in 1854, where he became known as the "quiet fellow who could do things," graduating in 1858, fifth in his class, excelling in seamanship. As a midshipman he was sent on a two-year trial cruise, on the Wabash, to the Mediterranean. On the outbreak of the war he was assigned as lieutenant to the Mississippi (Commander Melancthon Smith), which had been Commodore Perry's flagship in the Japan expedition (1852-53). Dewey took a leading part in forcing the passage past Forts Jackson and Phillips, below New Orleans and in sinking the Manassas. He displayed that characteristic coolness and confidence that was to stand him and his country in such good stead in 1898. During the attack on Fort Hudson, March 8-9, 1863, the Mississippi grounded, and he set fire to her and secured the escape of his men. He was made first lieutenant of Farragut's dispatch-boat. He was present at other operations; and at Fort Fisher, on the Agawam, Dec.-Jan., 1864-65, again displayed superior judgment and dedecision.

GEORGE DEWEY.

In March, 1865, he reached the rank of lieutenant-commander, and served two years in European waters, on the Kearsarge and the Colorado. In 1868 he was attached to the Naval Academy; in 1870 received his first command-the Narragansett; in 1872 became commander; and later (1875-1882) acted on the Lighthouse Board. In 1882 he was put in command of the Juanita, of the Asiatic squadron. Promoted to captain in 1884, he was assigned to the Dolphin, the first of the "new navy" known as the "White Squadron"; and in 1885 to the Pensacola, the flagship of the European squadron. In 1889 he was chief of the Bureau of Equipment and Recruiting; and, afterward, again on the Lighthouse Board. On

Theodore Roosevelt, in 1889, said that Dewey "partly grasped and partly made his opportunity"; but added, "it was not a fact that it was an accident that he was sent there in 1897, for he was selected as a man who could go into Manila, if necessary. The victory electrified the world, for its startling suddenness and decisiveness. His country could then well recall the Dewey family motto: "A crown to the conqueror is due."

After the battle Dewey proved equal to dealing with the representatives, at Manila, of the foreign powers; and his subsequent action secured for his country the untithed fruits of victory. The results were far reaching, the most important being the raising the prestige of American arms to the highest point, throughout the world. He was created full admiral, March 2, 1899. On his way home, in the fall of 1899, he received ovations wherever he touched with his unscathed squadron; and after his arrival at New York, Sept. 26, 1899, was given a triumph by the city, which was repeated throughout the country, with honors galore. He was spoken of for the Presidency in 1900, but after contemplating the candidacy, discouraged the idea. He presided at the Schley Court-Martial, 1901, and his disagreement with the majority report was perhaps the most notable incident of that affair. In 1905 he declined the invitation to sit on the International Commission convened at Paris to inquire into the firing upon innocent British trawlers by the Russian squadron on its way down the channel.

R.C.A.

DEWINDT, HARRY, English traveler and writer; born in Paris, April, 1856. In 1876-78 he was aidede-camp to his brother-in-law, Raja Brooke of Sarawak, Borneo; in 1887 he traveled from Pekin to France by land; in 1889 he rode from Russia, through Persia, to India; in 1890 he inspected the prisons of western Siberia; in 1894 he visited the mines and political prisons of eastern Siberia; in 1895, while attempting to travel overland from New York to Paris he nearly lost his life in Bering Strait, but was rescued by a whaler; in 1897 he explored the gold districts of the Klondike and Alaska. He has written On the Equator (1882); From Pekin to Paris by Land (1887); A Ride to India (1890); Siberia as It Is (1892); The New Siberia (1895); A Queer Honeymoon (a novel); and Through the Gold Fields of Alaska to Bering Straits (1898).

DE WITT, a post village of Clinton Co., Mich., on Lookingglass River, 8 miles N. of Lansing; has 2 Octo-churches, a high school, a plough factory, a foundry, a grist-mill and 2 steam saw-mills. Pop., about 400. DE WITT, a post village of Carroll Co., Mo., on the Missouri River, 83 miles E. N. E. of Kansas

DEWING, MARIA RICHARDS (OAKEY), an American artist; born in New York city, ber 27, 1855. She studied at the National Academy of Arts in New York and under John Lafarge and Thomas Couture. She is the wife

DE WITT-DEXTER

City; has 5 churches, a newspaper office, a bank, and several factories; has large sandstone quarries in the neighborhood, and ships building stone and farm produce. Population 1900, 550.

DE WITT, a post village of Saline Co., Neb., on the Big Blue River, 13 miles N. W. of Beatrice; has 5 churches, banks, 2 newspaper offices, 2 grain elevators, and 2 grist-mills. Population 1900, 662. DE WITT, JOHN, educator and classical scholar, was born at Albany, N. Y., on November 29, 1821, and was graduated from Rutgers College in 1838. He studied theology at New Brunswick, N. J., and from 1842 to 1863 was engaged in pastoral work in New Jersey, New York and Michigan. In 1863 he became professor of Oriental literature in the New Brunswick Theological Seminary, and in 1884 professor of Hellenistic Greek and New Testament exegesis. He was also a member of the American committee on the revision of the Old Testament. He is the author of several religious books, including The Sure Foundation, What is Inspiration? and Praise Songs of Israel: A New Translation of the

Psalms.

W.F.J.

409

DEXIPPUS, PUBLIUS HERENNIUS, a Greek his-
torian and general. At the time of the invasion of
Greece by the Goths in A. D. 262, he was one of the
highest officers of Athens. He took command of the
Greek forces, and succeeded in driving the Goths out
of the country. He afterward wrote an account of
this war; also two histories, one of Macedonia from
the time of Alexander, and the other a general history
from the mythical ages to Claudius Gothicus, A. D.
268. His countrymen erected a statue in his honor.
DEXTER, in Heraldry, is the side of a shield or
armorial figure which is to the right of the bearer
and to the left of the spectator.

DEXTER, an incorporated post town in Dallas
Co., Iowa, 36 miles W.S. W. of Des Moines; has 4
churches, a graded school, a bank, and a newspaper
office. Population 1890, 607; 1900, 795.
DEXTER, a post city in Cowley Co., Kansas, on
Grouse Creek; has 3 churches, a high school, and
a bank. Population 1890, 371; 1900, 380.
DEXTER, a post village in Penobscot Co., Maine,
on a small lake, 40 miles W.N. W. of Bangor; has
7 churches, 2 banks, a newspaper office, 5 woolen-
mills, 2 foundries and machine shops, and several
factories. Population 1890, 2,732; 1900, 2,941.

DEXTER, a post village in Washtenaw Co., Mich.,
on the Huron river, 9 miles N. W. of Ann Arbor;
has 4 churches, a union school, a bank, a news-
paper office, 2 flour-mills, a woolen-mill, and a sash
and blind factory. Pop. 1890, 879, 1900, 900.

DE WITT, JOHN, an American theologian; born in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, October 10, 1842. He was graduated from Princeton in 1861, studied law and afterward studied theology at the Princeton Theological Seminary and the Union Theological Seminary. He was ordained in 1865 and held several pastorates. From 1882 DEXTER, a post village in Stoddard Co., Mo.,at to 1888 he was professor of ecclesiastical history a railway junction, 49 miles W. S. W. of Cairo, Ill.; at Lane Seminary, Cincinnati, and from 1888 to has 4 churches, a public school, a bank, 2 newspaper 1892, was professor at the McCormick Theolog-offices, a flour- and a saw-mill. Pop. 1900, 1,862. ical Seminary, Chicago. In 1892 he was ap- DEXTER, a post village in Jefferson Co., N. Y., pointed professor of church history at the Princeton Theological Seminary. He has writ-7 ten Sermons on the Christian Life (1885).

W.M.C.

DE WITT, SIMEON, an American topographer; born in Ulster County, New York, December 25, 1756. He was graduated from Rutgers College in 1776 and joined General Gates' army during the Revolution. From 1777 to 1780 he was assistant chief topographer in the American army. In 1784 he was appointed surveyor-general of New York state, which office he held for nearly fifty years. He was made regent of the New York State University in 1798, vice-chancellor in 1817 and chancellor in 1829. He died in Ithaca, New York, December 3, 1834.

W.M.C.

DE WITTE, SERGIUS, Russian Minister of Finance, is of German parentage and begun life in a railway office in Southern Russia. His own efforts raised him to the post of director of the railway, and in that capacity he became prominent in political life, afterwards attaining to eminence as an imperial privy councilor. In 1892, he was appointed Minister of Finance, mainly in consequence of his unrivalled power over figures and his knowledge of economics. During his period of office he has done much to improve Russian finances. DEW-POINT. SeeHYGROMETRY, XII, 604, 605. DEXILEUS, a young Athenian soldier, who was killed before Corinth, 394 B. C.

on Lake Ontario, at the mouth of the Black River,
miles W. N. W. of Watertown; has 4 churches, 4
pulp-mills, 2 paper-mills, 3 wood factories, and a
sulphite factory. Population 1900, 945.

DEXTER, EBENEZER KNIGHT, merchant and
philanthropist; born at Providence, R. I., April 26,
1773; died there, Aug. 10, 1824. For ten years, in-
cluding the trying period of the war of 1812, he ably
and honestly filled the office of United States marshal
for Rhode Island district. He accumulated a fortune
in business, and on his death bequeathed to his native
city, for the benefit of the poor, the bulk of his prop-
erty, then valued at $60,000, as a permanent fund,
besides forty acres of land on Providence Neck, on
which Dexter Asylum, completed in 1830, still stands.
He also devised, for use as a training-ground, a large
field, on which, in 1894, was erected a statue of the
donor, the gift of Henry C. Clark.

DEXTER, HENRY, sculptor, was born at Nelson, N. Y., on October 11, 1806, and worked at the trade of a blacksmith. In 1840 he became a sculptor, and achieved great success, particularly in the execution of portrait busts. He made busts of Longfellow, Agassiz, Dickens, and other eminent men, and of thirty-one of the thirty-three governors of states holding office in 1860, the two exceptions being the governors of California and Oregon. He produced some other pieces of statuary, and painted some pictures. He died at Cambridge, Mass., on June 23, 1876.

W. F. J.

DEXTER-DIAGONAL

DEXTER, SAMUEL, an American statesman; born in Boston, Mass., in 1761. He graduated at Harvard in 1781; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1784. He practised in Lunenburg, Chelmsford, Billerica, and Charlestown, Mass., and later removed to Boston. He was a member of the Massachusetts legislature, 1788-90; served as Federalist Representative, 1794-95; was United States Senator from 1799 to 1800, when he resigned to take the office of Secretary of War, which later he exchanged for that of Secretary of the Treasury. In 1802 he retired from political life and resumed the practice of his profession. In 1814 he was a candidate for governor as a Republican, though he repudiated connection with the party. He was beaten by only 2,000 out of 47,000 votes. He died at Athens, N. Y., May 3, 1816.

DEY. See ALGERIA, Vol. I, p. 499. DEZFUL OR DIZFUL, Persia, the commercial center of Khùzistàn province on the Dizful River, 30 miles northwest of Shuster. It has interesting Sassanian ruins. Population, 16,000.

DHALAK ARCHIPELAGO. See DAHLAK, in these Supplements.

OR DHAULAGIRI, Nepal, a peak of the Himalayas rising between the Gandak and Karnali rivers to a height of 26,826 feet. It was long considered the highest point on the globe, but is surpassed by three other peaks in the Himalayan system.

DHOLE. See INDIA, Vol. XII, p. 779. DHULEEP SINGH, a Hindu prince, Maharajah of Lahore, born in February, 1837, son of