ers, parents or clergymen, etc. (according as the circumstances of each case require); he should see that all probation officers report to the court regularly each month regarding the progress and condition of each child under their supervision, and that in case of violation of the probationary conditions the children either are given more individual attention or are returned to court for further consideration; he should see that at the close of each probationary term the probationer is formally notified of its results, and that the fact of the discharge or other action of the court is entered on the court and the probation records; he should secure and instruct new volunteers for the work; he should give advice and assistance to the volunteer officers in handling their cases, and in securing necessary co-operation from various persons and organizations; and finally the chief probation officer will be obliged, from time to time, to interview and enter into personal relations with some of the children under the oversight of volunteers.

There will also undoubtedly be some cases for which volunteer probation officers cannot be secured or for which none of the available volunteers are adapted, and such cases must be looked after personally by the chief probation officer.

IV. QUALIFICATIONS FOR THE POSITION OF CHIEF PROBATION OFFICER.

Since the purpose of juvenile probation is to improve the habits and character of wayward and delinquent children, it is extremely important that the chief probation officer possess such a combination of temperament, ability and interest as will enable him to intelligently organize his work, and to win the respect and confidence of children and exert over them the proper influence. He should be one who likes children, who understands them and the conditions amid which they live, and who has sympathy and patience, joined with judgment, resourcefulness and persuasive leadership. It is important that he discharge his duties neither perfunctorily nor as a disciplinarian, but that he be thoroughly imbued with the spirit of probation in order that he both may stimulate and aid the volunteer probation officers, and may impress the children with the fact that he is their friend and helper. The salary provided for the

position should be sufficient to secure a person possessing these qualifications. We judge that it should probably be at least $1,200 per annum.

Very respectfully,

HOMER FOLKS,

President.

STATE OF NEW YORK:

STATE PROBATION COMMISSION,

THE CAPITOL, ALBANY, November 14, 1908. Hon. JOHN H. CHADSEY, Judge of the Rochester Juvenile Court, Rochester, N. Y.:

DEAR SIR.- The State Probation Commission, which met in Rochester at your invitation and that of the children's committee of the Rochester Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, took pleasure in appearing on October 22, 1908, with you and representatives of that society, before the board of estimate and apportionment and the commissioner of public safety of Rochester, to indorse your request for the creation of the position of salaried chief probation officer in the Rochester juvenile court and for the necessary appropriation therefor. In further support of your request the State Probation Commission has sent a written statement of its findings and recommendations concerning the juvenile probation work in Rochester to the above-named municipal authorities, a copy of which statement is herewith transmitted to you.

The juvenile probation work in Rochester, as developed under your direction and with the assistance of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, has resulted in great benefits; but as the number of cases and the usefulness of the system increase, it is inevitable that it should become necessary to employ a person to give his entire time to the various details of the work. Your own testimony to the Commission that a chief probation officer is greatly needed was confirmed both by various probation officers in Rochester and by the children's committee of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. The appointment of a salaried chief probation officer, possessing the proper qualifications, would

result in a material advance in the efficiency and value of the probation service. The Commission agrees with you that it is extremely important that an adequate salary be paid in order to secure an officer thoroughly fitted for the duties.

Inasmuch as probation work requires the moral support and intelligent interest of the community, it is desirable that some body of citizens or some committee act as an intermediary between the court with its probation officers and the general public. Such a committee can assist in educating the public concerning probation, in securing such co-operation as may be essential, in arranging for frequent conferences of the local juvenile probation officers, and in further extending and developing the system. Since the children's committee of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children has in the past been so intelligently and helpfully identified with the development of the juvenile probation work in Rochester, and since the juvenile detention quarters in Rochester are in the shelter of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, there are peculiar reasons why the aforesaid children's committee should remain interested and active in an advisory capacity in the juvenile probation work. May this Commission at this time, therefore, express the hope that the intimate relationship already existing between the Rochester juvenile probation system and the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children will be perpetuated.

Very respectfully,

HOMER FOLKS,

President.

APPENDIX E,

CIVIL SERVICE EXAMINATION IN BUFFALO.

Seventy-five persons took a civil service examination on June 18, 1908, for the positions of paid probation officer in the Buffalo juvenile court and the Buffalo morning courts, and as a result of the thorough manner in which the examination was conducted only eight persons received passing marks. The test was partly oral, and past experience was included as a subject for the examination. Twenty-five per cent. credit was allowed for the oral portion, 25 per cent. for experience, and 50 per cent. for written answers to technical questions. Only nine passed the examination on experience and technical questions and were admitted to the oral test. The questions on experience called for information concerning each candidate's life history, including education, ocupations and particularly his experience in probation or social, educational, philanthropic or correctional work.

The written questions were as follows:

1. (a) What is the juvenile court?

(b) State the present method of handling cases in juvenile court in Buffalo.

(c) State any suggestions for the improvement of the present method of handling cases. 2. (a) What provision is now made for the care of children pending the disposition of their cases in juvenile court?

(b) Give any suggestions for the improvement of this method.

3. (a) State briefly the essential provisions of the child labor law.

(b) State briefly the essential provisions of the compulsory education law?

(c) Tell something about the work of the truant school.

4. A boy of fifteen is three grades behind boys of his own age, in school, is listless and disobedient and dull, and with a tendency to be incorrigible. What things, in your opinion, would tend to bring about this condition?

5. Name the corrective institutions for children in the city of Buffalo and vicinity. 6. "A

is arrested for intoxication and pleads guilty. He has a wife and three minor children and has steady employment. One month before he was arrested for the same offense and was allowed to go on suspended sentence. What discretion has the judge in this case as to the terms of the probation? What would you recommend? 7. (a) In what respects may probation, properly exercised, be of advantage to juvenile offenders?

(b) In what respects may probation, properly exercised, be of advantage to adult offenders?

(c) What benefits will the city derive from a well-administered probation system? 8. Outline a plan, in detail, for the organization and management of a corps of 200 volunteer probation officers?

9. (a) If directed by the court to investigate and report as to a case before trial, what investigation would you make, and to whom would you go for information?

(b) Write a report to the court covering such a case.

10. (a) If directed by the court to investigate and report, as to the advisability of suspending sentence, or placing on probation, in any particular case, what investigation would you make, and to whom would you go for information?

(b) Write a report to the court covering such a case.