unless comparison with other documents showed the suggested reading to have been obviously either correct or incorrect. In the latter case the text within parentheses has sometimes been replaced by an editorial insertion within brackets.

Translations as found in the files have been revised and corrected if found faulty by comparison with texts in the original language or other versions available, but care has been taken to avoid altering in any significant respect important texts that were acted upon or used as sources of information in their existing form.

The general principles governing the compilation and editing of these papers are stated in the preface to Foreign Relations, 1914, Supplement, pp. iii-iv.

CONTENTS

List of papers by countries_-_

Official positions of principal persons mentioned in the correspondence__

List of papers by topics_‒‒‒‒‒

Page

XI

XVII

XCI

PART I

THE CONTINUATION AND FURTHER SPREAD OF THE WAR-EFFORTS TOWARD

PEACE:

The war prior to the entrance of the United States...

Reply of the Allied Governments, January 10, 1917, to the Presi-

dent's suggestion of December 18, 1916, that the belligerents com-

municate their terms of peace-Counter-replies of the Central

powers to the rejection by the Allied powers of their invitation

of December 12, 1916, to discuss peace----

3

3

The President's address to the Senate, January 22, on the bases of

a durable peace-Confidential communication by the German Gov-

ernment of its terms of peace__

The President's proposal to the Allied powers of assurances to Aus-

tria-Hungary against radical dismemberment, February 8-Pro-

posals of the de facto Mexican Government for termination of

the war, February 12-Intercession of the United States in behalf

of Greece--

The offer to Austria-Hungary, February 22, of limited assurances

against dismemberment in the event of a request for early peace-

Refusal of the Austro-Hungarian Government to consider a sepa-

rate peace-Reply of the United States to the proposals of the

de facto Mexican Government-Reports of the constitutional

struggle in Germany-Request of the Greek Provisional Govern-

ment at Saloniki for recognition----

PART II

NEUTRAL RIGHTS:

Neutral rights as affected by the submarine operations of Germany

and her allies-Relations of the United States and European

neutrals with Germany and her allies-Entrance of the United

States into the war-----

German memorandum, submitted January 10, on the treatment of

armed merchant ships as warships-Notes in explanation of sub-

marine incidents of 1916-Further submarine cases-German and

Austro-Hungarian notes of January 31 announcing the resumption

of unrestricted submarine warfare_____

The severance of relations with Germany, February 3-Effort at

resumption of negotiations through the Swiss Minister, February

11-Maintenance of relations with Austria-Hungary, Turkey, and

V

81

81

NEUTRAL RIGHTS-Continued.

Neutral rights as affected by the submarine, etc.-Continued.

Bulgaria-Refusal of the European neutral governments to follow

the example of the United States in severing relations with Ger-

many; their protests to the Central powers-Submarine attacks

on American ships and ships with Americans aboard-Receipt,

February 24, of the Zimmermann telegram conveying Germany's

overtures to Mexico-----.

The armament of American merchant ships-The sinking of the

Laconia, February 26, of other ships with Americans aboard, and

of American ships-Austro-Hungarian aide-mémoire on submarine

policy, March 2-Refusal of the American Government to receive

the Austro-Hungarian Ambassador designate-Declaration of a

state of war with Germany, April 6--‒‒‒‒‒‒

The status of neutral seamen on armed merchant ships of belligerent

nationality-Treatment of captured American seamen brought to

Germany by the Yarrowdale and the Moewe-----

Relations of Latin-American countries with the United States and with

European belligerent countries as affected by the war in general

and by the German submarine warfare____

Expressions of approval of the President's suggestions of December

18, 1916, to belligerent governments-Responses to the notifica-

tion of the severance by the United States of relations with Ger-

many-Replies to the German notification of resumption of unre-

stricted submarine warfare_____

Suggestions by Paraguay, Ecuador, and Argentina for a conference

of American states-Attitude of the de facto Mexican Government

regarding the German proposal for an alliance-Offer of Mexico's

good offices to restore relations between the United States and

Germany

Responses to the notification of a state of war between the United

States and Germany-Severance of relations with Germany, in

terms amounting to a declaration of war, by Panama, April 7—

Declaration of war with Germany by Cuba, April 7-Severance of

relations with Germany by Brazil, April 11, in consequence of the

sinking of the Paraná-Severance of relations with Germany by

Bolivia, April 13-The sinking of the Argentine ship Monte

Protegido__--

Argentina's initiative toward calling a conference of American states;

attitude of the United States-Offer of support in the war by

Guatemala in exchange for assurances against possible conse-

quences; acceptance by the United States-Similar assurances to

Haiti___.

Severance of relations with Germany by Guatemala, April 27-Settle-

ment of the Monte Protegido case between Argentina and Ger-

many-Argentine invitation, May 9, to the Latin-American states

for a conference; attitude of the United States-Severance of

relations with Germany by Honduras May 17; by Nicaragua,

May 19‒‒‒

Revocation by Brazil, June 2, of the decree of neutrality as between

the United States and Germany; seizure of German ships in Brazil-

ian ports-Severance of relations with Germany by Haiti, June 17—

Opening of the ports and waters of Uruguay to American naval

forces

Page

106

149

208

219

219

232

244

256

271

293

NEUTRAL RIGHTS-Continued.

Relations of Latin-American countries with the United States, etc.-Con.

The sinking of the Argentine ship Toro; adjustment of the case-

Visit of the American Fleet to Rio de Janeiro, Montevideo, and

Buenos Aires-Arrangements for cooperation with Brazil in patrol-

ling the South Atlantic-Revocation of Brazil's neutrality with

respect to the Allied powers, June 28; discussion as to the export

of Brazilian coffee and the disposition of German ships taken over

by Brazil-Transfer to the United States of the German ships

seized by Cuba-Negotiations between Peru and Germany concern-

ing the sinking of the Lorton‒‒‒‒‒

Publication, September 8, of the recommendation by Luxburg, Ger-

man Chargé in Argentina, that ships be spurlos versenkt; handing

of passports to Luxburg-Severance of relations with Germany by

the Tinoco government in Costa Rica, September 22—Negotiations

relating to the revocation of Uruguay's neutrality, the conclusion

of arbitration treaties between Uruguay and the Allied powers,

and the disposition of German ships in Uruguayan ports‒‒‒‒‒‒

Severance of relations with Germany by Peru, October 6; by Uruguay,

October 7-Revocation by Uruguay of decrees of neutrality; second

visit of the American squadron to Montevideo-Assurances of

Salvador as to the use of its ports and waters by the United

States---

Declaration of a state of war between Brazil and Germany, October

26-Renewed initiative of Argentina for a Latin-American con-

gress, October 29-Peruvian plan, approved by the United States,

to have the congress consider severance of relations with Ger-

many-Assurances given by the United States to the Guatemalan

Special Mission, November 6-Charter to France of German ships

seized by Brazil__

Severance of relations with Germany by Ecuador, December 7—

Declaration of war on Austria-Hungary by Panama, December 10;

by Cuba, December 16-Further correspondence regarding the dis-

position of German ships seized by Brazil, Cuba, and Uruguay-

Further correspondence regarding the proposed congress of Ameri-

can states-Convention for the purchase of Argentine wheat by

Great Britain and France, signed January 14, 1918.

Relations of Asiatic countries with the United States and with Euro-

pean belligerent countries as affected by the German submarine

warfare

China's approval of the President's suggestions of December 18, 1916,

to belligerent governments-Requests for assurances by China in

the event of severance of relations with Germany; attitude of the

United States----.

Severance of relations with Germany by China, March 14-Desires

expressed by the Chinese Government; attitude of the United

States Declaration of war against Germany by Siam, July 22;

discussion as to the disposition of German ships in Siamese ports-

Declaration of war by China, August 14‒‒‒‒‒‒‒

Relations of Liberia with the United States and with European bellig-

erents as affected by the German submarine warfare and by British

and French commercial restrictions_-‒‒

Page

303

322

340

351

383

400

400

420

458

NEUTRAL RIGHTS-Continued.

Relations of Liberia with the United States, etc.—Continued.

Liberian request for protection against the dangers resulting from a

breach with Germany-Visit of a British warship to Monrovia-

Severance of relations with Germany, May 8-British and French

demand for the expulsion of Germans; American demand for the

removal of Allied trade restrictions-Receipt of satisfactory assur-

ances from the British and French Governments-Project of a

convention with Liberia‒‒‒‒‒

Page

458

Liberia's declaration of war against Germany, August 4-Deportation

of Germans___

477

British proclamations and orders in council affecting neutral trade-

The detention of neutral ships------

British control of neutral shipping through bunkering agreements and

black list of neutral ships-‒‒‒‒

492

505

Arrangements with Great Britain for the importation of goods of Ger-

man origin detained in the Netherlands_____

509

British declaration of a dangerous area" in the North Sea-Protest

by the United States, February 19‒‒‒‒‒‒

518

Interference with the mails by belligerent governments-----

520

The removal by British naval authorities of enemy reservists from

American ships on the high seas-.

526

PART III

NEUTRAL DUTIES:

The prevention of recruiting within the United States: the case of

Addis and Blair____

535

Treatment of armed merchant ships in neutral ports-Attitude of Euro-

pean neutral countries toward American armed merchant ships_____

Treatment of German merchant ships in American ports prior to the

declaration of a state of war---

541

558

Precautions against the supplying to belligerent warships of informa-

tion regarding the sailing of merchant ships--.

566

PART IV

OTHER PROBLEMS AND RESPONSIBILITIES:

Regulations regarding passports and the expatriation of naturalized

citizens---

Conviction of the German Consuls Bopp and Schack for violations of

American laws; revocation of their exequaturs; their internment as

enemy aliens____.

573

579

The return of diplomatic officers from their posts upon the severance

of relations between their countries--‒‒‒

585

Return of the American Ambassador from Germany---.

Return of the German Ambassador from the United States_____

Return of the Austro-Hungarian Ambassador designate from the

United States---

585

591

594

Return of the American Ambassador from Turkey----

598

Return of German diplomatic and consular officers from Brazil,

Bolivia, and Siam___.

606