OF

MODERN PHILOSOPHY.

BY M. VICTOR COUSIN.

TRANSLATED BY O. W. WIGHT.

IN TWO VOLUMES.

VOL. II.

NEW YORK:

D. APPLETON AND COMPANY,

549 & 551 BROADWAY.

1872.

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1852,

By D. APPLETON & CO.,

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York.

27,243

CONTENTS.

LECTURE IX.

SCHOLASTIC PHILOSOPHY.

Scholastic Philosophy.-Its character and its origin.-Division of Scholas

ticism into three epochs.-First epoch.-Second epoch.-Third epoch.

Birth of philosophical independence; quarrel of nominalism and realism,

which represent idealism and sensualism in Scholasticism.-John Occam.

His partisans and his adversaries.-Decrial of the two systems and of Scho-

lasticism.-Mysticism.-Chancellor Gerson. His Mystic Theology. Ex-

tracts from this work.-Conclusion....

LECTURE X.

PHILOSOPHY OF THE PERIOD OF THE REVIVAL.

13

Subject of this lecture: philosophy of the fifteenth and of the sixteenth

centuries. Its character and its origin.-Classification of all its systems

into four schools. 1st, Platonic idealistic school: Marsilio Ficino, the Picos

of Mirandola, Ramus, Patrizzi, Giordano Bruno.-2d, Peripatetic sensualistic

school: Pomponatius, Achillini, Cesalpini, Vanini, Telesio, Campanella.--

3d, Skeptic school: Sanchez, Montaigne, Charron.-4th, Mystic school:

Marsilio Ficino, the Picos, Nicholaus Cusanus, Reuchlin, Agrippa, Paracel-

sus, Society of the Rosicrucians, Robert Fludd, Van Helmont, Böhme.-

Comparison of the four schools.-Conclusion...
48

MODERN PHILOSOPHY.

LECTURE XI.

SEVENTEENTH CENTURY.

AND IDEALISM.

SENSUALISM

Modern philosophy.-Its general character.-Two ages in modern philoso-

phy: the first age is that of the philosophy of the seventeenth century,

properly so called.-Schools of the seventeenth century. Sensualistic

school: Bacon, Hobbes, Gassendi, Locke.-Idealistic school: Descartes,

Spinoza, Malebranche

77

MODERN PHILOSOPHY.

LECTURE XII.

SEVENTEENTH CENTURY.

AND MYSTICISM.

SKEPTICISM

Struggle between sensualism and idealism. Leibnitz: an attempt at a con

ciliation which is resolved into idealism.-Skepticism: Huet, Hirnhaim

Glanville, Pascal, Lamothe Le Vayer, Bayle.-Mysticism: Mercurius Van

Helmont, More, Pordag, Poiret, Swedenborg.-Conclusion. Entrance

into the second age of modern philosophy, or philosophy of the eighteenth

century properly so called....

99

SECOND SERIES-VOL. III.

LECTURE XIII.

CLASSIFICATION OF THE SCHOOLS OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.

Of the method of observation and of induction in history.—That induction,

resting upon the observation of all the anterior facts in the philosophy of

history, divides at fi st the philosophy of the eighteenth century into four

systems. Confirmation of induction by facts.-Division of the European

schools of the eighteenth century into four schools: sensualistic, idealistic,

skeptical, mystical. Division of this course into four corresponding parts.-

Order of the development of these four schools, and consequently the

order to follo in their exposition.-Spirit of this course.-Its last aim. 125

解

LECTURE XIV.

SENSUALISTIC SCHOOL IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.

Subject of this lecture: Review of the different systems of the sensualistic

school in Europe during the eighteenth century, in England, France, and

Germany. That, even for the sake of fidelity, the historian should attach

himself to the most celebrated systems.-In what order must they be

studied? Ethnographical method. Three objections: 1st, arbitrary; 2d,

shows not the concatenation, the reciprocal action of systems; 3d, unfa-

vorable to scientific instruction. Of the true method of its characters:

To follow at once the dates of systems, their reciprocal dependence, and the

analogy of subjects.-To commence with the metaphysics of Locke... 148

LECTURE XV.

LOCKE. HIS LIFE.

Jocke his biography.-Sprang from a liberal family.-His first studies.-

Descartes disgusts him with scholasticism.-He pays particular attention to