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ly at Bible's face.

The ball grazed the scout's head, cut off a lock of hair just above his ear, and lodged in the wall at his back. The report was still sounding through the apartment when the surgeon uttered a wild cry, sprang a few feet into the air, and fell lifeless to the floor! The negro had shot him.

"Come, gentlemen, none o' thet," said Bible, as coolly as if nothing had happened, "guv me the shootin' iron, and surrender."

Without more hesitation the colonel handed the scout the fallen man's pistol, and then they all, followed by the scout and the negro, marched quietly out of the front door. The mulatto woman, holding the horses, was standing in the highway.

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“Hitch the nags, my purty gal," said the scout, an' git a coil. An' ye, gentlemen, sot down, an' say nothin'-'cept it mought be yer prayers; but them, I reckon, ye hain't larned yit."

The negress soon returned with the rope, and while Bible and her husband covered them with their revolvers, she tied the arms of the prisoners. When this was done, the scout affixed a long rope to the waist of the officer on either flank of the column, and, taking one in his own hand, and giving the other to the negro, cried

out:

"Sogers uv the Fust Tennessee! Mount!" The regiment bounded into the saddle, and in that plight-the planter and the eight captive officers marching on before, the self-appointed "cunnel" and his chief officer bringing up the rear, and the rest of his command-the yellow woman-a-straddle of a horse between them, they entered the Union lines.

North Carolina would have heard the axe of master and man falling with alternate strokes in the depths of the evergreen forest, or he would have seen the two "camped out" together in the same tent or pine-pole cabin, drinking from the same gourd-the darkey always after his master -eating from the same rude table, and sharing the same bed-the cabin floor-in common. So, too, in Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri, Western Virginia, and Middle and Upper Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi, he would have seen the white and the black plowing side by side, or, bared to the waist, swinging the old-fashioned scythe, in good-natured rivalry as to which could cut the broadest swath of yellow wheat or waving timothy, or tote the biggest bundle of corn to the evening husking-bee. And when the evening had come he would have found them gathered in the old log-barn, husking, and singing, and shouting, and dancing in company, to the tune of "Ole Virginny," or "Rose, Rose, de coal brack Rose," played by "old Uncle Ned," who "had no wool on de top ob his head," but whose skinny fingers, with handy blow, could rap the music out of "de ole banjo."

Bible had got "no furder nur prent yit," and fully one half of his class never get so far as that, though the more wealthy, like the father of Sally, sometimes give their children what might be called "a fair common-school education."

The reason of this is, there are no schools for the common people at the South. In a village, ten or twenty miles distant, there may be a pretentious "Female College," or "Institute of Learning for Young Men," where "a little Latin and less Greek" is dispensed to the young I could fill this article with Bible's scouting idea at the rate of four or five hundred dollars adventures, but it is my purpose to say only per annum, but these prices place their "stores enough of him to give an idea of his character. of knowledge" far above the reach of the hardIf I have outlined that distinctly the reader has toiling farmer. Only in Tennessee, so far as I perceived that he is brave, simple-hearted, out-know, are there any free schools, and the scanty spoken, hospitable, enterprising, industrious, loy- State allowance which formerly supported them al to liberty, earnest in his convictions-though was dealt out with a most parsimonious hand. ignorantly confounding names with things-a How much light those institutions gave the peogood husband and father, with a talent for brag-ple may be guessed at from the fact that any ging, and that quiet humor which flavors charac-one was qualified to instruct in them who could ter as Worcester sauce flavors a good dinner. In "read, write, and do sums in addition." all these particulars he is a representative of his class; and his stories and conversation illustrate that disposition to magnify every thing-even himself—and that intensity of nature which leads the Southerner to do nothing by halves; to throw his whole soul into every thing he undertakes; to be, like Jeremiah's figs, "if good, very good; if bad, not fit to feed the pigs."

But the fact that a large proportion of the Southern farmers have no "book-larnin'" is no evidence against their intelligence. At the North if a man has not been to school he knows nothing. The South is more like Greece and Rome, where one might be really educated and yet not know how to read and write. Reading and writing at the South is considered someAt the outset of Bible's career he had but one thing like playing on the piano at the Northslave-poor Jake, who was "faithful unto death" an accomplishment rather than a necessary. -and the farmers of his class seldom own more The men of this class, of the better order, howthan one, and generally they have none at all. ever (as in the case of Bible Smith and the faIn rare instances, however, the more industri- ther of Thomas Jefferson), almost always marry ous acquire five or ten; but whether they have above them, so that not unfrequently the wife many or few they work side by side with them reads while the husband can not; of course the in the fields, and treat them very much as the children have the advantage of the mother's edNorthern farmer treats his hired workmen. ucation, and, therefore, the class is constantly Before the war the traveler in the interior of rising. They have also a sort of innate faculty

for culture and gentlemanliness, and this makes a little "book-breedin'" go a long ways.

these men, we shall stand ever on the crater of a volcano, whose red-hot lava may at any hour again burst forth and deluge the land with blood and fire!

But how-while every able-bodied Southern man is in the army-can we reach these people? By fighting them with a sword in one hand and a Union newspaper in the other-by giving them ideas as well as bullets. By scattering loyal publications broadcast over the conquered districts, and by starting a free press wherever we hold a foot of Southern soil. If the men are away in the army, the women will be at home, and will read these things, and that will be enough. If we convert them, the country is saved. Woman, in this century, is every where that "power behind the throne” which is mightier than the throne itself, and the Southern women have been, and are, the mainspring of this rebellion. Every dollar thus planted in the South would spring up a man, in tattered hat and ragged butternuts, it might be, but still a man, hardy, earnest, brave-who for what he thought was right would march straight up to the cannon's mouth, and meet death "as if he loved it."

But as the Southern farmer can not read, he is forced to derive his knowledge of current events and political affairs from his wealthier neighbor who can read, and who is sure to be a slave-owner. At a political barbecue, or a courtday gathering, he may hear, once or twice in the year, the two sides of every national question but the, to him, all-important one of slavery. If that subject is at all touched upon on such occasions, it is shown to be of divine origin -dating back to the time when Ham first cast a black shadow across his looking-glass, and only to end when the skins of his descendants no longer wear mourning for their forefather's sin. Thus instructed, is it strange the Southern farmer deems slavery altogether lovelier than freedom? What does he know of real freedom? What does he know of what it has done for the poor man at the North? Nothing. He never saw a Northern man in all his life, except, it may be, a Yankee peddler. If the Southern workingman knew what freedom is; if he knew how it has built a free school at every Northern cross-road; how the Northern laborer is comparatively rich, while he is wretchedly I have failed of my purpose in writing this poor; how the Northern farmer has a comfort-article if I have not shown that the great body able house for himself and outbuildings for his cattle, while he lodges in a mud-chinked hovel, and stables his cows in the woods; how the Northern farmer is respected and honored because he labors, while he is looked down upon and despised for doing the same thing; if he knew all this, would he not crush slavery and end the rebellion in a day? He would. And slavery will not be effectually crushed, or the rebellion ended, until he does know it. We may overrun the South, we may make its fields a desolation, and its cities heaps of ruin, but until we reach the reason and the hearts of

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of "poor Southern whites" are an honest, industrious, enterprising, brave, and liberty-loving people, who need only to know the true issues of this contest to become the firm friends and supporters of the Union. Henceforth they must be the real South. We must enlighten and elevate them. Only in that way can we uproot the despotic power of the aristocracy, and plant in the South a loyal element which will make it one with the North in interest and in feeling. Only in that way can we secure lasting peace, and freedom, and Union, to our distracted country.

Monthly Record of Current Events.

UNITED STATES.

UR Record closes on the 20th of April.-The proceedings in Congress have not possessed special interest. Much of the time has been spent in debate concerning the general policy of the Government, and the measures proper to be employed in suppressing the rebellion. On April 8th the Senate passed the joint resolution amending the Constitution, as follows: "ART. XIII. Sec. 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, of which the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Sec. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this Article by appropriate legislation." This must be passed by the House, signed by the President, and ratified by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the States, when it will become a part of the Constitution. On April 12th Mr. Sumner introduced a bill to establish a Bureau of Freedmen, with a commissioner and clerks, the bureau to guard the interests of freedmen against loss or failure from cupidity,

cruelty, or accidental causes. On the 16th the Senate passed a bill prohibiting gold-gambling, and designed especially to put an end to time-sales, under a penalty of $1000 for each offense. This action was induced by the course of speculators in forcing gold to the enormous figure of 190, and depressing Government securities.-Other general bills passed by the Senate were the following: The Naval Appropriation bill, with an amendment restoring the Naval Academy to Annapolis, Maryland; to carry into effect the treaty between the United States and Great Britain for the final settlement of the claims of the Hudson's Bay and Puget Sound Agricultural Company; giving the Revolutionary soldiers an additional bounty of $100; to provide a temporary government for the Territory of Montana, with a section allowing all persons, of whatever color, to vote, to which the House subsequently disagreed.

-On April 4 the House unanimously adopted the following resolution: "Resolved, That the Congress of the United States are unwilling by silence to leave the nations of the world under the impression

that they are indifferent spectators of the deplorable | the Nineteenth Army Corps, with 7000 men, came events now transpiring in the republic of Mexico; up, and succeeded in checking the enemy, enabling Therefore they think it fit to declare that it does all our trains except those of the cavalry to escape. not accord with the people of the United States to Our total loss was from 1200 to 1500; that of the acknowledge a Monarchical Government erected on enemy was over 1500. General Stone, of General the ruins of any Republican Government in Ameri- Banks's staff, had direction of the battle. On the ca under the auspices of any European Power." On 9th General A. J. Smith, with the Nineteenth Army the 8th, in the course of debate, Alexander Long, a Corps, again engaged the enemy, and defeated representative in Congress from the Second District them, capturing 2000 prisoners and 20 cannon. The of Ohio, declared himself in favor of recognizing the Confederate Generals Morton and Parsons were independent nationality of the Confederates, avow- killed. After the first day's fight General Banks, ing other sentiments regarded as offensive to the being short of rations, sent word to Admiral Porter loyal sentiment of the country. On the 9th, Speak- to return with the fleet, which had advanced to er Colfax offered a resolution for the expulsion of within eighty miles of Shreveport, and was preparMr. Long. This led to a debate extending over ing to blow up the steamer at New-Falls City which five days, during which the greatest excitement the Confederates had sunk in the Channel. On prevailed. Finally, on the 14th, the resolution was the way down the fleet was attacked by large nummodified so as to declare Mr. Long "an unworthy bers of the enemy on both sides of the river, who member of the House," and in that form was pass- attempted to capture the transports. A fight ened; 80 to 70. During the debate Mr. Harris, of sued between the gun-boats and Confederates, in Maryland, expressed approval of Mr. Long's senti- which the latter were repulsed, with 500 or 600 ments, and was also censured by a vote of 92 to 18. killed and a large number wounded, while none on Mr. Fernando Wood, during the same debate, said the gun-boats were injured. General Greene, comthat he agreed perfectly with Mr. Long, that he manding the enemy in this action, had his head would prefer recognition as an alternative rather blown off by a shell. than that the people of the South should be subjugated and exterminated.-Among the bills passed by the House are the following: to establish an ocean mail-steamship line between the United States and Brazil; to establish a postal money-order system; to authorize the construction of a railroad bridge over the falls of the Ohio, near Louisville, Kentucky. The National Bank act, after mature consideration, was also passed. The bill confines the entire notes for circulation issued under this act to $300,000,000; every association may charge on any loan or discount seven per cent. interest; and no association shall have a less capital than $100,000, nor less than $200,000 if in a city of more than 50,000 inhabitants.

In Texas there have been some movements of importance. Indianola was evacuated on the 13th of March, the troops taking the land route and crossing the bayous by pontoon ferries. In doing so 34 men were drowned by the swamping of boats. Subsequently to this evacuation a force of 4000 Federal cavalry occupied Eagle Pass, 400 miles above Brownsville, and the outlet of a Confederate highway, by which cotton and other articles have been run into Mexico. About the same time Corpus Christi, at the mouth of Nueces Bay, was reoccupied by our troops, who captured 1000 Confederates stationed at that point, together with immense quantities of cotton. The movements in the Red River, in connection with those of General Steele, who has advanced beyond Arkadelphia, in Southwestern Arkansas, with a force of 30,000 men, must have an important bearing not only on the Confederate occupation of Texas, but on the entire situation in the Trans-Mississippi Department. The enemy will find it impossible long to hold out against the heavy columns moving against them. General Steele, in his advance, fought two considerable engagements with the enemy, in both of which they were defeated with loss.

Military operations have continued with some activity during the month. The Red River Campaign has not been attended with entire success. On the 26th of March a fight took place at Cane River, thirty miles above Alexandria, where the armies of Generals Banks and Smith united, between some of General Smith's forces, consisting of 6000 infantry and one brigade of cavalry, and General Dick Taylor's Confederate army, estimated at 12,000, posted in an advantageous position. The fight lasted three hours, when the enemy gave way, with a Active preparations for the opening of the camloss of 200 in killed and wounded and 500 prisoners. paign are still going on in the Army of the Potomac. The Federal loss was 18 killed and 60 wounded. The Eleventh and Twelfth Corps have been consolGeneral Smith at once pushed forward in pursuit. idated under the title of the Twentieth Corps, and Meanwhile Confederate deserters have come into Major-General Hooker assigned to the command; our lines in large numbers, and within a fortnight Major-General Howard has taken command of the after our occupation of Alexandria 900 negroes en- Fourth, relieving General Gordon Granger; and tered the place and claimed the protection of the General Slocum is to report to General Sherman. Federal flag. Some five hundred citizens have On the 8th of April an order was issued by General taken the oath under the Amnesty proclamation, and Grant ordering all civilians, sutlers, and their emon the 4th of April a large Union meeting was held, at ployés to the rear, with all property for which there which strong anti-slavery sentiments were avowed. was no transportation. By the same order furloughs On the 6th of April the army left Grand Ecore, were stopped. During the month Lieutenant-Genpoint sixty miles above Alexandria, the cavalry in eral Grant visited Fortress Monroe, Annapolis, and the advance. On the 8th, after driving the enemy other points, and by personal observation informed two days, the cavalry were confronted by an over- himself of the condition of the several departments. whelming Confederate Force at Pleasant Hill, fifty General William F. Smith has been assigned to miles cast of Shreveport, and a large body of in- General Butler's department, and will direct milifantry hurrying forward a stubborn battle ensued, tary movements on the Peninsula, which will probresulting in the defeat of our entire force, the cav-ably be made simultaneously with the advance of alry being seized with panic and sweeping the in- the Army of the Potomac, which has been largely fantry with them from the field. Finally, however, reinforced for the spring campaign.

VOL. XXIX.-No. 169.—I

a

On the 26th of March a small Federal force marched from Pine Bluff, Arkansas, to Mount Elba and Longview, on the Washita River, destroying at the latter place several pontoon bridges, a train of thirty-five wagons loaded with camp and garrison equipments, ammunition, stores, etc., and capturing 320 prisoners. On the 30th the same force engaged 1200 Confederates at Monticello, routing them, and capturing a large quantity of small-arms, many wagons, and over 300 horses and mules. Our loss was but fifteen, and that of the enemy over one hundred. The Confederates are still roving about some parts of Kentucky and Western Tennessee. On the 13th of April the Confederate General Buford appeared before Columbus, Kentucky, and demanded the surrender of Fort Halleck, giving five hours for the removal of women and children, and promising protection to white soldiers (in case of surrender), but none to colored troops found in arms. Just at that time a steamer arrived from New Orleans with 3000 veterans, on their way home on furlough. These were landed with a battery, and fighting immediately commenced, Colonel Laurence, the Union commander, refusing to listen to the summons to surrender. Subsequently the enemy retired, but threatened for some days to renew the attack.

the opening of the first siege parallel. It was said an effort would be made to flank the position. The town of Sonderburg has been bombarded and partly destroyed by the Prussians. In the siege of Fredericia the Austrians, failing to accomplish any satisfactory results, for a time suspended active operations, but were preparing at the close of March to renew them. The strength of the Prussian army at Düppel, at the last accounts, was 40,000 men; the Austro-Prussian corps, which has invested Fredericia, consisted of 16,000 men; and about 8000 were in the northern part of Jutland. The repulses sustained by the Germans at Düppel and Fredericia are represented to have given fresh encouragement to the Danes, who display the most robust confidence in their cause and themselves. The King maintains his original resolute attitude, declaring that, while he desires peace, he will never submit to humiliation. The negotiations for a Conference in London were still going on, but doubts are entertained whether any solution of the complication will be reached. All the Powers, however, will probably participate. At the close of the Norwegian Storthing the King, in his speech, said that Sweden, jointly with the other Powers, would endeavor to obtain peace, but, at the same time, was prepared to render assistance to Denmark against an overpowering force.

The Poland troubles continue, and several engagements between the insurgents and the Russians have taken place. The Polish peasants have issued a manifesto against the Czar. The paper contains a programme of organization for the raising of a peasant army of a million of men, from the ages of sixteen to sixty, who are to assault Warsaw and the other Polish cities held by the Russians.

Hungary is also excited by renewed revolutionary agitation. A military organization is said to be forming on the basis of a former regimental list of the National Guards.

On the 12th of April the Confederate General Forrest appeared before Fort Pillow, on the Mississippi River, some seventy miles above Memphis, and sent a flag of truce demanding its surrender. This, as was a second demand, was refused by Major Booth, the Federal commander, when a vigorous attack was made by the Confederates, which resulted in the surrender of the fort, after several hours' fighting. Major Booth was killed, together with several other officers. Upon taking possession of the fort, which had only a garrison of 600, the Confederates commenced an indiscriminate butchery, not only of the soldiers-black and white-but of the women and children, killing in all some 400 persons, mutilating the dead, cruelly bayoneting the wounded on the field, and shooting some of them in the hospitals. In the English House of Lords, on the 5th of The negroes, against whom the Confederates cherish April, the Marquis of Clanricarde moved for the a deep animosity, were treated with particular indig- correspondence with the Confederate States in refnity. Five were buried alive. Six guns were cap-erence to the removal of the British consuls from tured by the Confederates and carried off, including two 10-pounder Parrots and two 12-pounder howitzers. A large amount of stores was destroyed or carried away. In other parts of the field operations have been without importance. Both sides appear to be preparing for the grand struggle of the summer, in which the vital question of the time is to be finally decided.

The spring elections in Connecticut, Rhode Island, Missouri, New Jersey, and other States, show heavy Union gains. In Maryland and Louisiana the elections for delegates to State Constitutional Conventions were carried by the friends of unconditional emancipation; and in both States slavery will soon be abolished by constitutional amendments. The Louisiana Convention met in New Orleans on the 6th of April.

EUROPE.

The Schleswig-Holstein question remains without material change. Hostilities have been continued during the month, but without any definite result. The siege of Duppel has been persisted in by the Prussians, who have, however, been several times repulsed-once in a grand assault all along the line. Their progress toward the reduction of the place amounted, at the latest dates, merely to

Garibaldi has arrived in England, and been received with great enthusiasm.

Southern ports and the enlistment of English subjects in the rebel army. Earl Russell agreed to the motion, the words "so-called" being inserted before "Confederate States," lest it should be imagined that Parliament had recognized the Confederacy. The House of Lords has decided against the crown in the Alexandra case, and the vessel would be restored to her owners. Mr. Stansfeld, M.P., has resigned his seat in the British Cabinet, in consequence of the French official repetition of his complicity with Mazzini and Grecco in the conspiracyagainst Napoleon's life. Lord Palmerston, speaking on the subject, said that the "personal" and "dynastic safety" of Napoleon were essential to the best interests of Europe.

JAPAN.

A new Embassy from Japan has arrived at Suez. The embassy will visit Paris, and apologize to the Emperor for the misdeeds of the Tycoon; and will then proceed to London, Vienna, and also to Switzerland. It is noteworthy that while European Powers are constantly involved in difficulties of some sort with the Japanese, the American Government, without any sacrifice of principle or interest, maintains perfectly peaceful relations. During the present year Mr. Pruyn, the United States Minis

ter, has negotiated a treaty with the Japanese Gov-duty fixed thereon, whether such goods are intended ernment which considerably enlarges the facilities for their own use or not.

It was

for commerce between the two countries. signed at Yeddo on the 28th of January, and provides that the articles used in the preparation and packing of teas shall be free of duty; that the follow ing articles shall be admitted at the reduced duty of five per cent: Machines and machinery, drugs and medicines [except opium], iron, in pigs or bars; sheet-iron and iron wire, tin plate, white sugars, in loaves or crushed; glass and glass-ware, clocks and watches, watch-chains, wines, malted and spirituous liquors; and that the citizens of the United States importing or exporting goods shall always pay the

MEXICO.

Maximilian has not yet been declared Emperor of Mexico at the close of this Record. After adjusting a treaty with Napoleon by which the interests of France were secured, a difficulty arose in the Imperial family of Austria respecting the presumptive right of Maximilian to the Austrian crown. This difficulty, however, after some negotiation, in which a French General who was sent to Vienna for the purpose participated, was adjusted, and the final announcement of the Archduke's acceptance of the throne of Mexico was daily expected.

Literary Notices.

Journal of the Discovery of the Source of the Nile, by JOHN HANNING SPEKE. We have already spoken at length of this the latest and one of the most valuable of the contributions which have within ten years been made to our knowledge of the African continent. We refer to the work here mainly for the purpose of giving a brief outline of the results of modern explorations in Africa. Barth, starting in 1849 from Tunis, after some preliminary travels in the northern portion, struck due southward, passing through the northern desert, and reaching the fertile region around Lake Tsad and the country drained by the Niger. Southward he went to about the latitude of ten degrees north of the equator, westward to Timbuctoo in about longitude five degrees west of Greenwich. The region over which his researches extend is about thirty degrees from east to west, and the same number north and south, embracing one-third of the territory of the continent. Though written in a somewhat hard and dry manner, his three large volumes abound with minute information as to the geography, productions, ethnology, and history of what, for the want of a better term, may be styled the civilized part of Africa. It will probably be long before any notable additions will be made to his work, which for the present is the great store-house of material for our knowledge of that portion of Central Africa down to about four degrees north of the equator. Livingstone, about the same time, after a long residence in the great southern desert, set out on his great expedition across the continent. He describes mainly the central portion lying between the parallels of ten and twenty degrees south latitude; though his inquiries extended to within four degrees of the equator. The inhabitants of the region described by Livingstone differ widely from those with whom Barth came in contact.

Between the region traversed by Barth and that gone over by Livingstone lies a tract of about eight degrees in breadth-four on each side of the equator -which, with the exception of a narrow line on each coast, eastern and western, has until recently been wholly unknown. On the eastern belt the population has a large infusion of Arab blood. Slavery prevails; but few slaves from this shore have ever reached America. The western shore is the great hive from which the American population of African descent" have involuntarily swarmed. Here are Ashanti, Dahomey, and Congo; here are the "Grain Coast," the "Ivory Coast," and the "Slave Coast." The books relating to this region

are numerous. The best, by all odds, is that of the Rev. J. Leighton Wilson, whose modest volume is pronounced by Livingstone to be the best volume which he had ever seen relating to the West Coast of Africa. There are but three books of any value upon the interior of this equatorial belt. Paul du Chaillu, a naturalist of no inconsiderable acquirements, who had established himself in trade upon the West Coast, made several excursions into the interior, almost on the line of the equator. He went about three hundred miles eastward, which brought him somewhere about a quarter across the continent from west to east; a hundred miles on each side of the equator would comprise the northern and southern limits of his explorations; but within these limits he traveled, always on foot, nearly 8000 miles through a region wholly unexplored. He is the first traveler who professes to give from his own observation any accounts of the gorilla or of the cannibal tribes of the interior. His narrative has been the subject of much discussion, many writers considering it almost wholly fabulous; but those best qualified to judge are fully convinced of its entire truthfulness. The nearer subsequent travelers approach to the scene of his explorations the nearer are the character and habits of the people found to correspond with Du Chaillu's descriptions. Burton, starting from Zanzibar, on the eastern coast, went a third of the distance across the Continent. The line of his journey was, however, mainly south of the fifth parallel of latitude, and therefore only on the edge of the equatorial belt. Still, from the accounts of native traders, he was able to gather much new and valuable information respecting the Lake Region of Central Africa.

Speke, who had accompanied Burton on this expedition, and had discovered the great Lake N'yanza, in which he at once concluded must be found the source of the Nile, set out on an independent expedition in order to verify the truth of his theory. He followed his old route due west nearly a thousand miles, then turned directly north, skirting the western and northern sides of the lake to its outlet, which he ascertained to be a large, and in all probability the main, branch of the Nile. This journey northward led him for a full thousand miles in a straight line through a region never before visited by a white man, until he reached Gondokoro, in latitude five degrees north, the farthest southern limit of previous explorers. From thence, following the Nile another thousand miles, he reached Khartoom, at the junction of the Blue Nile and the

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