vided into several independent nations, such as the Taensas, Chitimachas, Alabamas, Coosas, Cahuitas or Cowetas, Winginas, &c. spread from Louisiana to Carolina, which however did not wage war together, but were often united against the Cherokees, Catawbas and Oghuzian nations.

When the Toltecas of Mexico drove away the Xicallans, the bulk of that nation came to the Mississippi, and settled on both sides of it, above the Natchez; many nations have sprung from that stock, all intimately connected in language and manners, such as the Chicasas, Chactaws, Yazoos or Tapousas, Muscolgees, Cofachis, &c. spreading north and east of the Natchez, they formed a bulwark between them and the northern inva ders; the Chicasas extended their conquests to the banks of the Ohio in Kentucky.

The great Otomi nations, extending from the Missouri to Anahuac, divided into numerous tribes, such as the Osages or Wahashas, Missouris, Ottos, Mazahuas, or Omahuas, Capahas or Arkansas, Mandans, &c.: the Osages, Missouris and ArkanZas, penetrate as far as West Kentucky, the banks of the Wabash, &c.

A succession of wars and contentions take place between the numerous nations of various stocks scattered in North America, by which they are weakened and prevented from improving their civilization, or uniting against the encroachments of the Europeans,

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The Spanish, French, and English, after the discovery of America by Columbus, settle in North America, and in three hundred years occupy all the land from Canada to Mexico, except a few small spots, acquiring possession of it by various means, conquests, cessions or purchases.

CHAP IV. HISTORY OF THE OGHUZIANS,

SOMETHING like a chronological order can be now introduced. The records of the Mexicans, the traditions of many Oghuzian nations, and the annals of the Europeans, afford sufficient ma terials for a complete history; but I must be very brief

1st Period. From the Invasion of North America by the Oghu zians, towards the first year of our Era, to the Defeat of the Talegans, towards 500, including five hundred years.

Nearly two thousand years ago, great revolutions happened in the north of Asia; the Oghuzian empire was severed, and a swarm of barbarous nations emigrating from Tatary and Siberia, spread desolation from Europe to America. In Europe they nearly destroyed the powerful Roman empire, and in North America they subverted many civilized states.

Several of those Oghuzian nations, driven by necessity or their foes to the north-east corner of Asia, came in sight of America, and crossing Berhing Strait on the ice, at various times, they reached North America. Two of them, the Lenap and the Menguy, seeking milder climates, spread themselves towards the south; while another, the Karitit, which came after them, spread on the sea shores from Alaska to Greenland, and some others settled on the north-west coast of America.

The Lenaps after settling some time on the Oregon and Multnomah rivers, crossed the Oregon mountains, and following the Missouri, fighting their way through the Ottomies, &e. they reached the Mississippi, nearly at the same time with the Menguys, who had come north of the Missouri. They found the powerful Talegans in possession of Illinois, Ohio, Kentucky, who opposed their progress and cut off the first party that ventured to cross the Mississippi. A long war ensued, in which the two Oghuzian nations joined in a confederacy against the Talegans, and succeeded after a long struggle to drive them away to the south.

2nd Period. From the Defeat of the Talegans, towards 500, to the Dispersion of the Lenaps, towards 800,-including three hundred years.

When the Lenaps had defeated the Talegans, they had to contend with the Natchez of West Kentucky, the Huasiotos of East Kentucky, the Sciotos of Ohio, besides many remaining Branches of the Atalans, Cutans, &c. scattered in North America, which they vanquished, destroyed or drove away, occupying all the country from the Missouri to the Allegheny mour tains; while the Menguys settled north of them on the lakes.

The Lehaps were hunters, but lived in towns, and became partly civilized by the prisoners and slaves that they made.They began to cultivate corn, beans, squashes, tobacco, &c. Their hunters having ventured across the Allegheny mourtains, discovered a fine country, not occupied by any nations, in Maryland and Pennsylvania. Many were induced to remove to that country, where they should be more distant from their southern foes.

A settlement was made east of the mountains, and the great Lenapian nation became thus divided into many distant tribes, independent of each other; but connected by a similarity of language, religion, manners, and acknowledged origin.

The principal of these tribes, which thus became independent nations, were the Chinucs on the Oregon, the Anilcos and Quiguas on the Missouri, the Utawas and Miamis north of the Ohio, the Shawanees or Massawomees in Kentucky, the Mohigans and Abnakis in New England, the Sankikans in New Jersey, the Unamis and Minsis in Pennsylvania, the Powhatans in Virginia, the Nanticoes in Maryland, the Chipeways and Clistenos on the upper Mississippi, &c.

A similar division took place in the Menguys, and the in dependent nations sprung from them, were the Hurons or Wyandots near lake Huron, the Eries or Erigas on lake Erie in Ohio, the Tuscororas in Kentucky, the Senekas, Mohawks, Cayugas, Oneidas on the St. Lawrence, &c. That portion of the nation which remained west of the Mississippi, became mixt with some Otomian tribes, and formed the great Darcota nation, since divided into many tribes, such as the Sioux, Assiniboils, Tintons, Yanctons, &c.

3d Period. From the Dispersion of the Lenaps, towards 800, to the Shawanee Confederacy, towards 1100--including three hundred years.

The Oghuzian nations had united for a long while against their southern enemies; but many Menguy tribes became jealous of the Lenaps when they saw them possessed of the best lands and growing very powerful. Dissentions .occurred between the various tribes cast and west of the mountains. The

Senekas and Mohawks begin to quarrel with the Mohigans and Lenaps. They endeavour to excite wars between them and the Cherokees. Several wars occur between the Lenaps and many Menguys, in which the Wyandots and Erigas take no part.

Meanwhile the Shawanees of Kentucky have many quarrels and wars with their neighbours; they drive away the Tuscaroras to Carolina, and some Erigas towards Florida. They wage war by turns with the Natchez, Tapoussas, Cherokees, and Apalachians to the south, with the Catabas, Wocons and Westos to the east, the Capahas, Ozages, &c. to the west. Not satisfied with the possession of Kentucky, they extend their conquests and settlements as far as lake Ontario to the north, in Carolina and Georgia to the south. The Cumberland river became the centre of their settlements. They were hostile to all their neighbours except those of Lenapian origin, and being in contact with many more than any other branch, were considered as the bulwark of that nation.

In order to resist their numerous enemies, they formed a gencral confederacy extending from the Lakes to Florida, which soon became formidable even to their former allies, under the name of Massawomees or Wassawomees. The branches of this great alliance were known by the names of Sakis and Kicapoos in the west, Uchees and Chowans in the east, Satanas in the north, Savanas in the south, &c.

4th Period. From the Shawanee Confederacy, towards 1100, to the Utawa Supremacy, towards 1400,-including three hundred years.

The Utawas were a branch of the Lenaps, settled north of the Lakes, and holding supremacy over the Northern Lenaps; being driven south of the lakes, by their wars with the Menguys, they assumed a superiority over the Miamis of Ohio, whom they defeated in battle; but they had more difficulty in their contentions with the powerful Shawanees. A long war was the result; the Utawas conquered part of central Kentucky, and compelled at Inst the Shawanees to acknowledge

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them as superiors and entitled to hold the great council fire in the west, as the Lenaps did in the east.

During this struggle many revolutions had occurred around Kentucky. The Conoys had become powerful in the Kenhaway valley, and the Illinois on the Wabash. The Shawanees enter into an alliance with them. The Chicasaws begin to grow powerful in the south-west, and wage war with the Shawanees, &c.

The supremacy of the Utawas was acknowledged gradually by all the Lenapians west of the mountains, and the chief of that tribe was considered as the greatest chief. They settled in many parts of lake Huron and Michigan, on the Mississippi, and left Kentucky to the Shawanees.

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5th Period. From the Utawa Supremacy, towards 1400, to the Invasion of Soto, towards 1540,-including about 140 years.

Towards the discovery of America by Columbus in 1492, the situation of the nations residing in Kentucky or the immediate neighbourhood was nearly as follows:

The Massawomees or Shawanees had possession of the greatest part of Kentucky, the Cumberland valley in Tennessce, nearly all the banks of the Ohio, and they had settlements or colonies in Illinois, Georgia, Carolina, Gennessee, &c. They had nearly one hundred towns, many of which very populous. The Chicasaws claimed by conquest the west of Tennessee and Kentucky, and resided southerly of the Ohio.

West of the Mississippi near Kentucky, the most powerful nations were the Capahas, Ozages, Anileos, Quiguas, &c.; the two last of Lenapian origin, and extending east as far as the Wabash.

In Ohio were the Miamis, Erigas, Tongorias, &c. In Virginia, the Conoys, Monacans, Powhatans, &c. In Tennessee, the Cherokees, Chugees or Ichias, &c. On the St. Lawrence, five tribes of Menguys-the Senekas, Mohawks, Oneidas, Cayugas and Onondagos, had united into a league, which soon became formidable (under the name of Iroquese or Five Nations,) to all the Oghuzian nations.