DOVER, The capital of the state, and also of Kent county, is on the Jones river and Delaware railroad, fifty miles north of Wilmington. It has a fine state house, four churches, and three large hotels. Population, 1,289. WILMINGTON, Chief city of Delaware, is in Newcastle county, on the Christiana creek, twenty-eight miles south-west of Philadelphia. It contains a custom house, twenty-three churches, a Catholic college, a fine library, four private and nine public schools, seven banks, six large machine shops, and a number of iron foundries, rolling and saw mills, and cotton factories. Population in 1860, 21,256. MILFORD Is a thriving town of Kent county, on the Mispillion creek, twenty-one miles south-east of Dover. It contains five churches, an academy, two banks, a newspaper office, a public library, and a ship yard. Population, 1,763. NEWCASTLE Is a city and seat of justice of Newcastle county, on the Delaware river, five miles south of Wilmington. It has eight churches, a court house, a public library, a bank, and manufactories of locomotives, machinery, etc. Population, 1,902. SMYRNA Is a thriving town of Kent county, thirty-six miles south of Wilmington, containing manufactories of carriages, a newspaper office and bank, five churches and three hotels. Population, 2,153. In 1860, Delaware had one hundred and twelve thousand two hundred and sixteen inhabitants, of whom ninety thousand five hundred and eighty-nine were white, nineteen thousand eight hundred and twenty-nine free colored, and one thousand seven hundred and ninety-eight slaves. Delaware has two hundred and twenty churches, one college, two hundred and fifty-six public schools, forty academies, and one hundred and fourteen libraries, containing eighty-eight thousand four hundred and seventy volumes. The governor of Delaware is elected for four years, on a salary of one thousand three hundred and thirty-three dollars, and is not allowed to be re-elected. The senate consists of nine, and the house of representatives of twenty-one, members. Delaware sends one member to the national house of representatives, and is entitled to three electoral votes for president. CHAPTER III. THE SOUTHERN STATES. MARYLAND. Maryland is one of the thirteen original states, and the most northern of the southern states of which it is the smallest. It lies between latitude 38° and 39° 44′ N., and between longitude 75° 10' and 79° 39′ W. It is bounded on the north by Pennsylvania, on the east by Delaware and the Atlantic ocean, and on the south and west by Virginia. The outline of Maryland is very irregular. Its northern boundary has an extent of one hundred and ninety miles, but on the west side it contracts until its southern boundary is scarcely half that extent. The coast line of this state, including that of Chesapeake bay, is four hundred and eleven miles, without which it is only thirty-three miles. The eastern portion of this state is level and the soil sandy. The mountainous portion is in the north-west part of the state, between the Potomac river and the Pennsylvania line. This section is crossed by several ridges of the Alleghanies. The coal, copper and iron mines of Maryland are productive. The Chesapeake bay extends into the state about one hundred and twenty miles, varying in width from seven to ten miles. It divides the state into two parts, known as the eastern and western shore. A number of navigable rivers empty into this bay, the most important of which is the Potomac, being navigable for large vessels as far as Alexandria. The others are the Susquehanna, Potoxent, Patapsco, Elk, Chester, Chopotank, Nanticoke, and Pocomoke, all of which are navigable for small vessels. The falls of the Potomac are about fourteen miles above Georgetown; the perpendicular hight is not very great, being only about forty feet, but the beauty of the scene is hightened by the perpendicular cliffs on the Virginia side. The staple productions are tobacco, wheat, and Indian corn. The forests are composed of a great variety of trees. Maryland has a great amount of capital employed in various manufactures, producing forty-one millions seven hundred and thirty-five thousand one hundred and sixty dollars' worth of goods annually. It is the sixth state in the United States in commercial importance, being connected with Pennsylvania and southern New York by the Susquehanna river; with the west by Ohio and Baltimore railroad and the Ohio and Chesapeake canal, and the north-east by the Delaware and Ohio canal. Maryland possesses great facilities for internal as well as foreign commerce. The chief cities are Baltimore, Cumberland, Fredric City and Annapolis. BALTIMORE, The largest city of Maryland, has a population of two hundred and twelve thousand four hundred and eighteen. It is situated on the Patapsco river, about twelve miles from Chesapeake bay. The site of Baltimore is probably more picturesque than any other city in the union. It covers a number of eminences which furnish a pleasing variety for the tourist. From Washington monument, which is situated on a hill, a most beautiful panorama is spread out before the beholder. Baltimore has been called, from the number of its monuments, the "Monumental City." The most imposing of these is the Washington monument, which has a base fifty feet square and twenty feet high, supporting a column one hundred and seventy-six and a half feet in hight, crowned by a statue of Washington sixteen feet high. The summit of the monument is three hundred and twelve feet above the level of the harbor. It is constructed of white marble, and cost two hundred thousand dollars. Battle monument is also a beautiful structure of white marble; the base is square and finely ornamented; on it rests a facial column eighteen feet high, on the bands of which are inscribed the names of those who were killed while defending the city from the attack of the British in 1814. This column is surmounted by the Goddess of Liberty, seven and a half feet high. The Merchants' shot tower, the highest in the world, having an elevation of two hundred and forty-six feet, is also an object of interest to tourists. The Baltimore court house is a handsome structure two stories high, sixty-five feet wide and one hundred and forty-five feet long, constructed at a cost of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. The United States court house is a handsome edifice built of granite. The Roman Catholic cathedral, a massive granite structure, is the most imposing church edifice in Baltimore. The total number of churches in the city is one hundred and sixty-one. Among the literary and educational institutions, are the University of Maryland, Logola college, Baltimore college, and the Theological school. The athenæum has a library of nineteen thousand volumes. The Baltimore library has fifteen thousand volumes. The Maryland historical society has a collection of one thousand volumes, and in the gallery belonging to this society, are annually held exhibitions of painting and sculpture. There are about twenty-five newspaper publications, of which eight are dailies. The benevolent institutions of Baltimore, are the Maryland hospital for the insane, Mount Hope institution, the Church Home and Infirmary, five orphan asylums, and an alms-house. The state penitentiary, with the jail, occupies one square. There are eighty-two public schools, including the primaries, with an attendance of fifteen thousand six hundred and sixty-one scholars. Baltimore supports a great number of hotels, of which the city hotel, and Eutah house, are first-class. Druid hill park encloses five hundred and forty-eight acres of land, situated just beyond the northern limits of the city. In Patterson's park are thirty-six acres, embracing the earthworks thrown up for the defense of the city during the war of 1812. Baltimore ranks among the first cities of the United States in commercial importance. CUMBERLAND, The county seat of Alleghany county, is situated on the Potomac river, and on the Ohio and Baltimore railroads, and |