Wyoming... Quail or partridge. Wild fowl or game of any kind. Quail or partridge, grouse or pheasant, turkey, Quail or partridge.. Deer, ruffed grouse, pinnated grouse, prairie Deer, elk, quail, partridge, grouse, pheasant, wild Deer, antelope, quail (partridge), grouse, prairie Quail or partridge taken in county.. Elk, moose, caribou, killed within the State; deer, Purchase of hides or horns of deer, elk, moose, British Columbia.. Elk; female and young of deer, moose, mountain Manitoba............... Deer, elk, moose, caribou, antelope (except heads and hides), quail, grouse, pheasant, partridge, prairie chicken, plover, snipe, sandpiper, woodcock. New Brunswick... Partridge until Sept. 15, 1903....... Sale permitted-dove, July 4-Dec. 15; killdeer, plover, snipe, rail, Sept. 1-May 15; coot or mud hen, wild duck, Sept. 1-Apr. 15. Quail, grouse, ring-neck pheasant-sale permitted only during last 15 days of open season. Deer, sale permitted only Nov. 16-Dec. 6; plover, snipe, duck, Sept. 1-Dec. 1. Sale: from Sept. 1, male deer; from Oct. 1, male moose, caribou, mountain sheep, mountain goat; in all cases to end of open season and 5 days later. 1Sale, in Northumberland County only, permitted at any time of partridge killed in open season. 2 Close seasons depend on regulations of board of game commissioners. SHIPMENT OF GAME. Shipment is one of the most important subjects of game legislation. It controls the trade in game, and on this account deserves careful consideration. Some of the leading topics under this head are Marking packages,' Shipping within the State,' Export from the State,' and 'Transportation of game for propagation,' each of which is taken up in detail below. MARKING PACKAGES. Section 4 of the Lacey Act requires that every package containing game animals or birds when shipped by interstate commerce must be clearly marked so as to show the name and address of the shipper and the nature of the contents. The laws of Colorado, Connecticut, Michigan, Nebraska, Oregon, Wisconsin, New Brunswick, and Ontario likewise require packages of fish or game to bear a mark indicating the contents. Such general statements as 'game' or 'birds' are not sufficient to show the nature of the contents, and the marks should indicate not only the kind of game, but also, if possible, the amount in the package. Some of the shipping tags distributed by commission merchants are printed so that a list of the game and a space for the shipper's name appear on the back of the tag, and in some cases the address is replaced by a number, which is registered on the books of the consignee. When such a tag is tacked to the package the information regarding the shipper's address and the contents of the package is concealed while in transit, but is readily accessible to the consignee by removal of the tag and examination of the reverse side. These tags are in common use in the commission business, and are perfectly legitimate when used for the shipment of fruit and vegetables; but the shipping of game is different, and the shipper who uses such tags should be careful to write his name and address and a statement of the contents on the package or on the face of the tag to avoid the danger of becoming liable to the penalty provided for evasion of the Federal law. Some of the State laws are very explicit on the subject of marking. Nebraska requires that all packages shall be labeled with the address of the consignor and the amount of each kind of game contained in the package, and provides a fine of $10 to $50 for omission of such marks. Michigan requires that all packages of game shall be plainly marked on the outside with the names of the consignor and consignee, the initial point of billing and destination, and an itemized statement of the quantity of game contained therein. Ontario exacts that all bags, boxes, and parcels, besides bearing a description of the contents and the name and address of the owner, must be so made as to show the contents. Several of the States require big game and game birds carried home by sportsmen to be marked with the owner's name, shipped as baggage, and transported open to view. It is a common practice to forward game by express under a false or misleading name, with the hope of avoiding suspicion; but in Nebraska and Wisconsin a false statement as to contents is punishable by a fine of $25 to $100 and in Oregon by a fine of $100 to $500 or imprisonment one to four months, or by both fine and imprisonment. Railroad and express companies should call the attention of their agents to these provisions and insist that all packages be properly marked before shipment. In Nebraska common carriers are prohibited, under a penalty of $25 to $100, from receiving consignments of game not properly labeled. In Texas they may examine suspected packages, and in Arkansas they may cause them to be opened when necessary and may even refuse packages supposed to contain fish or game for export. In Wisconsin packages of fish or game not properly marked may be seized and sold by game wardens. Various devices have been resorted to in evading nonexport laws. Game has been shipped in trunks, in butter kegs, or in boxes marked 'dressed poultry,' 'butter,' or 'household goods,' and in packages bearing cipher addresses or numbers or ingeniously concealed statements of contents. All such devices are clearly illegal, and when exposed through inspection by game wardens or deputy marshals render the shipper liable to the loss of his game, beside additional heavy penalties for evasion of the shipping laws. SHIPMENT WITHIN THE STATE. In the shipment of game a distinction is made between shipping within the State and exporting from the State. The majority of the States which prohibit export place no restriction on shipment within the State, but in the others various limitations exist. Delaware, Minnesota, Missouri, Texas, Kansas, and Nevada prohibit shipment of all or certain kinds of game within the State. Fourteen other States and one Province of Canada permit such shipment, but guard against abuses by numerous requirements. In eight of these-Maine, New Hampshire, Connecticut, New York, Wisconsin, Iowa, Wyoming, and New Brunswick-shipment is allowed under hunters' licenses, usually on condition that the game be tagged, carried openly, and accompanied by the owner, though sometimes special exceptions are made to this rule. Thus, Maine forbids the transportation of moose, deer, and game birds from place to place unless accompanied by the owner, but provides for their shipment under tags sold by the commission of inland fisheries and game. The remaining seven States permit any person to ship game, but impose many restrictions with regard to such matters as marking packages, shipping open to view, etc. In States like Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, and Tennessee, which have special county legislation, laws concerning shipment of game usually relate to export from counties, though the last two prohibit export of quail from the State by general law. In like manner Delaware, Florida, and New York prohibit the shipment of certain game from the counties where killed; but these are exceptional, all other States treating the State as a unit. New Hampshire prohibits all shipment within the State of moose, caribou, and elk, but permits the shipment of deer under certain conditions when accompanied by the owner.' Vermont prohibits the general transportation of deer, but allows the owner to carry one deer with him, open to view and tagged. New York, while prohibiting general transportation of deer or venison from or through any county, allows one carcass to be shipped when accompanied by the owner, but does not permit more than two deer to be transported by the same person in one season. Woodcock, grouse, and quail likewise can not be transported in the State or brought into the State from a point 25 miles from the State line unless accompanied by the owner, and the latter is not permitted to transport more than 12 each of grouse or woodcock at one time, or 36 of each in one season. Connecticut likewise prohibits transportation of quail, woodcock, and ruffed grouse in the State, except when accompanied by the actual owner, and limits the number of ruffed grouse which may be carried in any one year to 36. Iowa permits a person to ship to anyone within the State not more than 1 dozen game birds in one day during the open season, providing the shipper first makes affidavit that the birds have not been unlawfully killed or bought and are not being shipped for sale or profit, and furnishes a of the affidavit to accompany the shipment for the security of the The transportation for sale of quail in South Carolina and deer and upland game birds in Florida and North Dakota are also prohibited. In Florida transportation of game is further limited to the carrying by hunting parties of their own game to their homes in the State. New Brunswick forbids the transportation of moose, caribou, or deer, alive or dead, or the hides or any portion of these animals, unless tagged, and accompanied by the owner. An exception is inade, copy carrier. 2 1An exception is made in favor of the Blue Mountain Association, which is permitted to ship game from its own preserve without restriction. 'Export of game from the State is prohibited. however, in the case of scientific specimens and breeding stock, which may be transported under special permit of the surveyor-general. Nevada includes transporting among the prohibitions concerning all big game except male deer and antelope. Nebraska and Wisconsin prohibit the transportation of all game protected by the State; Texas, all domestic game; Wyoming, big game only; Kansas and Iowa, game birds only; Connecticut, upland game birds only; Missouri, upland game birds and deer; Vermont and Michigan, deer alone; Delaware, rabbits, quail, woodcock, and snipe, and Minnesota, all protected birds except woodcock and upland plover. EXPORT FROM THE STATE. Since the constitutionality of the Connecticut statute prohibiting export of certain game was established by the Supreme Court in 1896,' nonexport laws have been generally adopted, and at the present time nearly every State prohibits the export of certain kinds of game. (See Pl. VIII.) Kentucky, Louisiana, and Mississippi seem to have no such laws; Virginia also has no general State law, but several of the counties prohibit shipment. In Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa, Nebraska, South Dakota, Wyoming, Colorado, Newfoundland, and possibly a few other States, sportsmen are allowed to carry a limited amount of game out of the State under special restrictions. In a few States exceptions to the laws prohibiting export are also made in the case of birds and animals intended for propagation. (See pp. 65-67.) Deer can not be lawfully exported from Alabama, Florida, any of the States or Territories west of the Mississippi (except Montana, Kansas, Iowa, and Louisiana), or any of the States north of the Ohio and Potomac rivers (except Illinois, Ohio, Delaware, New Jersey, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts). In Montana they can not be sold; in Delaware they do not occur, and in Illinois, Iowa, New Jersey, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island they are protected at all seasons indefinitely or for a term of years. The shipment of deer hides is prohibited by special provisions in the laws of California, Florida, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, and Wyoming; Washington and British Columbia prohibit killing deer for hides, and Ontario, British Columbia, New Brunswick, and Newfoundland allow shipment of green hides only under license. The shipping of other big game is so generally prohibited that, although antelope and elk may still be killed in half a dozen western States, they can not be exported. Consequently the sale of either antelope or elk in any market east of the Mississippi River is evidence of violation of law, at least on the part of the shipper. 1Geer v. Connecticut, 161 U. S. 519. |