details of the operation of the Treaty to be arranged at Washington between the Department of State and the Haitian Commission appointed for that purpose. Signed and sealed in duplicate, in the English and French languages, at Port au Prince, Haiti, the twenty-ninth day of November, 1915, by the aforesaid Representatives on behalf of their respective Governments. A. BAILLY-BLANCHARD. LOUIS BORNO.

POLITICAL AFFAIRS-REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENTS. ESCAPE OF PRESIDENT THEODORE. ELECTION OF PRESIDENT VILBRUN GUILLAUME SAM. COMMISSION SENT TO HAITI BY THE UNITED STATES TO COMPOSE DIFFICULTIES. MURDER OF PRESIDENT GUILLAUME. LANDING OF AMERICAN MARINES AND PACIFICATION OF HAITI BY AMERICAN FORCES. ELECTION OF PRESIDENT SUDRE DARTIGUENAVE. RECOGNITION OF HIS GOVERNMENT BY THE UNITED STATES."0

File No. 838.00/1080.

The Secretary of State to Minister Blanchard.

[Telegram.]

DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Washington, January 16, 1915. Following telegram dated today from Consul, Cape Haitien, repeated for your information:

Cannon of alarm announcing adhesion to revolution fired in Cape this morning. Delegate requested consuls to use their influence for preservation of order and for peaceful entry of revolutionary forces, now near city. Consular Corps in written communication request me to ask presence of warship to protect foreign interests.

The Navy Department has ordered the cruiser Washington to proceed immediately to Cape Haitien for the protection of Americans and other foreigners. Washington due to reach Cape Haitien Jan

Santo Domingo, January 18, 1915.

I am informed by Receivership that Dominicans under Julio Castillo are supporting Haitian revolution. Have informed Dominican Government and am promised speedy action to prevent this activity.

SULLIVAN.

19 Continued from For. Rel, 1914, pp. 334-382.

File No. 838.00/1081.

Consul Livingston to the Secretary of State.

[Telegram.]

AMERICAN CONSULATE,

Cape Haitien, January 18, 1915.

Revolutionary army 1,000 strong under Metellus just entered town. Insurgents of Artibonite accept Vilbrun Guillaume as candidate presidency.

File No. 838.00/1085.

LIVINGSTON.

Minister Blanchard to the Secretary of State.

[Telegrams.]

AMERICAN LEGATION,

Port au Prince, January 20, 1915.

Consul at Gonaives reports that Saint Michel, Ennery, Limbe, Plaisance and other surrounding places have taken up arms against the Government. It is reported that Vilbrun Guillaume has proclaimed himself chief of the disaffections at Cape Haitien.

File No. 838.00/1097..

BLANCHARD.

AMERICAN LEGATION. Port au Prince, January 26, 1915. Foreign office notifies to-day that by a decree dated 22, ports of Port de Paix, Cape Haitien and Gonaives are blockaded and closed to foreign commerce. At present it is a paper blockade as all Haitian war vessels at Port au Prince are without coal.

BLANCHARD.

File No. 838.00/1103.

No. 240.]

Consul Livingston to the Secretary of State.

AMERICAN CONSULATE, Cape Haitien, January 27, 1915. SIR: I have the honor to report that the extraordinary revolution in the northern part of Haiti, which, indeed, was only the continuation in arms of the leading federals of the old Zamor party, joined by an almost unanimous defection from the ranks of the Theodore party, is now nearing its close. The unusual feature is that there has been practically no fighting at all. Not a single shot has been fired at Cape Haitien or anywhere in the neighborhood. The fusion of the two parties mentioned, reinforced by practically all the neutral elements, is so close and intimate that no opposition to the movement has so far been made or is expected to be made anywhere throughout the three departments of the North, the Northwest and the Artibonite.

The reasons for this singular state of affairs are not far to seek. The old Zamor party held many of the important strongholds, which

they refused to surrender to the new Government of Davilmar Theodore, and this chief was in such haste to have himself installed as president that he hesitated to risk a further effort to continue the work of subjugation. The generals of this party in other parts remained under arms to cooperate with those holding the forts.

When President Theodore was elected, his followers flocked to Port au Prince expecting to reap the rewards of ten months of struggle and hardships. The President found himself in a position where he was unable to satisfy the demands of his friends and had to suffer the consequences. As the revolution, like most of its predecessors, was made for money and nothing but money, the ignorant followers of the President became much incensed, refusing to believe that the head of a government was unable to find the means of meeting obligations toward those who had put him in power. His failure to supply their demands was attributed to his cupidity and lack of good faith, and he immediately became the most unpopular man in Haiti.

The opposition centered around General Vilbrun Guillaume Sam, and up to the present date all the generals commanding troops in the three departments mentioned have communicated with him by letter or by delegation declaring their adhesion to the revolution and acceptance of his candidacy for the presidency.

General Metellus, the famous Caco general, who has been often referred to in despatches from this Consulate, came into Cape Haitien on Saturday morning the 16th instant with a thousand men and has remained here since that date to accompany General Guillaume to Port au Prince. Although he has heretofore been considered a savage and the terror of the surrounding country, not a single act of disorder has been committed here by him or his troops since his arrival, and the general conduct has been such that the situation has more the appearance of a great holiday than of a revolution. There is the utmost order, tranquility and respect both of foreign and native interests.

General Guillaume was awaiting the arrival of General Constantin Vieux from Fort Liberté in order to set out on his march in the direction of Port au Prince. General Vieux arrived yesterday morning and the departure has been fixed for to-morrow, 28th.

Vilbrun Guillaume Sam is now considered as the future President of Haiti. In fact, it is believed here that he will march to Port au Prince without any opposition and that the Government of Theodore will fall without the firing of a single shot.

I am [etc.]

File No. 838.00/1107.

LIVINGSTON.

Minister Blanchard to the Secretary of State.

[Telegrams.]

AMERICAN LEGATION,

Port au Prince, February 8, 1915-5 p. m.

My January 26, 5 p. m. Haitian gunboat Pacifique at Gonaives

to enforce blockade.

BLANCHARD.

File No. 838.00/1115.

AMERICAN LEGATION, Port au Prince, February 19, 1915.

Saint Marc in the hands of Guillaume revolutionists 3,000 strong. Monplaisir, Minister of the Interior, killed there yesterday. Petionville, 3 miles outside of Port au Prince, in the hands of revolutionists reported to be partisans Charles Zamor. Jacmel in arms and General Hilaire, ex-commandant of arrondissement, proclaimed as chief of the revolutionary forces there. Has issued proclamation appointing ministers of revolutionary government. Here, great anxiety as to probable attack revolutionists. Preparations are being made to defend city. Numerous armed men in the streets. Food supply from the interior practically cut off and markets deserted. Water supply for the lower part of the town cut off by revolutionists at Petionville. Currently reported President contemplating resignation.

File No. 838.00/1116a.

BLANCHARD.

The Secretary of State to Minister Blanchard.

[Telegram.]

DEPARTMENT OF STATE,

Washington, February 20, 1915—3 p. m.

Encouraged by the work of the Commission in Santo Domingo, the President has decided to make a similar attempt to secure a satisfactory settlement of the difficulties in Haiti. Ex-Governor Fort of New Jersey and Charles Cogswell Smith of New Hampshire will leave here on the 27th via Santiago, Cuba, for Haiti. Governor Fort will bring full instructions with him. This information is given that you may make such arrangements for their coming as may be necessary. In order that the President may be as fully informed as possible before preparing final instructions will you please cable information on the following points:

First: Was Theodore regularly elected by the Legislature? If so was he elected for a full term or for the remainder of term partially expired? If latter how much time remains before the next election? Second: When will the Legislature be elected again and what are the qualifications for suffrage? How large a vote is usually polled at the regular elections?

Was

Third: What is the general disposition of the Legislature? it coerced into the selection of Theodore after his successful insurrection or was he really the choice of the members? Do a majority of the members now support him voluntarily, and is there a likelihood of their supporting any other successful revolutionists?

Fourth: What is the status of the revolution in that country now and what is the prospect of its success or of its suppression?

Fifth Are there any economic questions involved in the insurrection, or is it purely personal and due to the ambition and popularity of the leaders?

You may add information on any other question which you regard as important for the President to know.

BRYAN.

File No. 838.00/1116.

Minister Blanchard to the Secretary of State.

[Telegrams.]

AMERICAN LEGATION,

Port au Prince, February 22, 1915.

The city has been practically without food and with no water for the past three days and revolutionists having stopped all incoming foodstuffs and cut off the entire water supply, a condition which they declared would continue as long as President Theodore remained in office. This along with the fact that the city is surrounded by revolutionists determined him to leave at once and at midday he boarded the southbound Dutch vessel now in port. He was escorted through the streets by a mounted guard amid little excitement. Order prevailed. The revolutionary army of Vilbrun Guillaume is expected to arrive Port au Prince tomorrow. Except for desultory firing the city is quiet. There has been considerable firing during the past two nights as is customary here when a change in government is imminent. So far order is being maintained. BLANCHARD.

File No. 838.00/1118.

AMERICAN LEGATION,

Port au Prince, February 24, 1915-10 a. m. My February 19 and February 22. General Hilaire and all other revolutionary chiefs have recognized Vilbrun Guillaume Sam as Chief of the Executive Power. Part of his army entered Port au Prince yesterday and returned to outskirts of city. Generals Augustin and Milford in command of arrondissement and palace. Order being perfectly maintained. Water restored and market supplies coming in. President Theodore sailed for Curaçao Monday; Vilbrun Guillaume Sam due to arrive to-morrow. City quiet.

File No. 838.00/1119.

BLANCHARD.

AMERICAN LEGATION,

Port au Prince, February 24, 1915—6 p. m. Your cable February 20, 3 p. m., not entirely clear; but to avoid delay pending complete repetition hereby requested, following answers are submitted:

First. Theodore was regularly elected President according to the Constitution of Haiti by the Senate and House in joint session for a full term of 7 years. See my telegram of November 711 and November 13, 3 p. m.

11

Second. The term of the present [Chamber of Deputies?] expires the end of 1916. Senators are elected by the [Chamber of Deputies?] for a term of 6 years and renewed by the session every 2 years. Members of Chamber of Deputies elected by the people.

For detailed information see American Constitutions, edition 1905, volume 2, page 59, and following paragraph. The candidates elected as a rule are the candidates of the Government.