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again in Heb. x. 7. in a quotation from the LXX. Psa. xxxix. 8. (Eng. Bib. Ps. xl. 8.) in which place it is rendered by the editor, "O God," in the vocative. We may now leave it to our readers to draw the inference.

As we have not yet said any thing concerning the result of Griesbach's labours in the correction of the New Testament and the extent or number of the alterations which he has made in the received text, it may be proper to add a few words on that subject before we conclude. We have, at the cost of some labour, gone through the whole of his emendations; and we find that they amount (omitting such as are purely orthographical, as Aaßid for Aavid,) great and small, in the whole of the New Testament, to the number of 1600; or, if we exclude the Revelation, where they are most numerous, to 1156. Out of these, however, we have been able to discover, in the whole New Testament, only 478; or, excluding the Revelation, 368, which in the slightest degree affect the phraseology, or can be made perceptible in an English translation. Now, if we deduct from these again, the great mass of such as are wholly insignificant, or merely synonymous, the number which really alter the sense will be found to be surprisingly small; and of such as have any bearing, however remote, on any point of faith or morals, still smaller. Of this last description Mr. Nolan has noted only fourteen, in five of which, strange to say, Griesbach does not differ from the received text. But to come to the point, there are, in fact, but three passages, which we have already referred to, of any real importance in reference to doctrine, in which he has felt himself authorized to change the common reading. This, then, is the sum of all his labour, and of that of all his predecessors in the same field of criticism. This is the result of the hundred thousand various readings (be the number what it may,) which have been collected from every quarter, against the received text of the New Testament. And now we would submit to our readers whether this is not a triumphant result? Triumphant in establishing on an impregnable basis the integrity of our common Scripture, and of the faith which we have built upon it. And yet this result, astonishing and gratifying as it must be deemed, receives still an accession of splendour, when we add, as we are bound to do, that even these few laurels which criticism has plucked from the received text of the New Testament, are not uncontested, and may perhaps still be reclaimed. Not only do Dr. Laurence and Mr. Nolan protest against Griesbach's decision in the case, and maintain a vigorous defence of the important texts in question, but it must be

added that, in respect at least to the two former, Acts xx. 28, and 1 Tim. iii. 16, that decision is not only unsustained, but has been actually reversed by the greater number, we believe, of succeeding editors. Even under these circumstances, however, we are far from any wish or intention to impeach, in the smallest degree, Griesbach's integrity, or his fidelity as a critic. If he erred in the conclusions at which he arrived, we would willingly set down that error to the account of human fallibility, and ascribe it either to the insensible influence of a bias, from which no man can claim entire exemption, or to the fallacy of the critical system which he followed. We would not stain his well-earned fame with one breath of suspicion. But even allowing him all that he claims on the points in question— even surrendering to him the passages which he has impeached-we conceive that the lustre of the christian Scriptures will suffer not a shade of diminution, or the integrity of the christian doctrine experience the smallest detriment. The doctrines inculcated or implied in these verses, are not involved in their fate. Whatever is taught in them, is taught elsewhere in the sacred volume. If it even were not so-if these were their sole stay and support-we should still say from our hearts, fiat justitia, ruat cælum! Let truth prevail, let the consequence be what it may. But we are happy to have it in our power to produce here the unambiguous testimony of Griesbach himself, on this point; and in putting it on record in our pages, we conceive that we cannot offer a more agreeable conclusion to our readers, or a more honourable tribute to the memory of that distinguished man, now gone to his account.*

"It may seem to some persons," says he, "that I have detracted somewhat from one important doctrine-that which relates to the real divinity of Jesus Christ-not only by the rejection from the text of that celebrated passage, 1 John v. 7, but by likewise bringing into doubt the common reading in 1 Tim. iii. 16, and Acts xx. 28. Wherefore, to remove as far as I can all unjust suspicions, and to take away from evil disposed persons all occasion of calumny, in the first place, I publicly profess, and call God to witness, that I entertain no doubt of the truth of that doctrine. And, indeed, so numerous and so clear are the arguments and the places of Scripture, by which the true deity of Christ is vindicated, that I can scarcely comprehend in what manner-the divine authority of the sacred Scripture being granted, and the just rules of interpretation admitted-this doctrine can by any one be called in question. In partiular, that passage, 1 John i. 1, 2, 3, is so clear, and free from all ex

* Griesbach died in 1812, at the age of 67.

ception, that it can never be overthrown, or taken away from the defenders of the truth, by the daring attempts of either interpreters or critics.*

"Interim uni tamen dogmati, eique palmario, doctrina scilicet de vera Jesu Christi divinitate, nonnihil a me detractum esse videri posset nonnullis, qui non solum locum istum celebratissimum 1 Joh. v. 7, e textu ejecturn, verum etiam lectionem vulgarem loci 1 Tim. iii. 16. (ut et Act. xx. 28 ) dubitationi subjectam et lectorum arbitrio permissam, invenient. Quare ut iniquas suspiciones omnes, quantum in me est, amoliar, et hominibus malevolis calumniandi ansam præripiam, primum publice profiteor atque Deum testor, neutiquam me de veritate istius dogmatis dubitare. Atque sunt profecto tam multa et luculenta argumenta et Scripturæ loca, quibus vera Deitas Christo vindicatur, ut ego quidem intelligere vix possem, quomodo, concessa Scripturæ sacræ divina auctoritate, et admissis justis interpretandi regulis, dogma hoc in dubium a quoquam vocari possit. In primis locus ille Joh. i. 1, 2, 3, tam perspicuus est atque omnibus exceptionibus major ut neque interpretum neque criticorum audacibus conatibus unquam everti atque veritatis defensoribus eripi possit.”—Præf. in Epist. 1775, cited in Dr. Laurence's Remarks, ch. 1.

ERRATA.

Page 454, line 12-for “a record is not," read " can a record be said to," &c.

INDEX

TO THE

SIXTH VOLUME

OF

THE SOUTHERN REVIEW.

A.

Agrarian System of Education,-the ques-
tion, whether education is best con-
ducted in boarding or day schools? ex-
amined, 5-equality in food, clothing
and instruction from infancy to matu-
rity, considered, ibid-a direct attack
upon the privileges attached to the
possession of property, 9-tends to a
bad influence on both parent and child,
11-detrimental to national wealth,
13-takes away a powerful check to
imprudent marriages, 15-its influ-
ence on literature, and improvements,
17.

Alibert, his Physiologie des Passions,

&c, referred to, 116.
American System, the, considered, 206,―
excitement in South-Carolina relating
to. ibid-on the bearing ofthe tariff on
producers, 216-the present tariff un-
constitutional, 218-protest of South-
Carolina against the tariff, quoted,ib.--
argument of the South-Carolina pro-
test, compared with Mr. Madison's
opinions on the same subject, 222-
Gen. Hamilton's opinions relating to
encouragement of domestic indus-
try, quoted, 225-on the powers dis-
tinguished from the trusts given to the
general government, 227-of objects
national and objects not national on
which the government may claim the
right to expend money, ibid-the Pre-
sident's veto fatal to the system of in-
ternal improvements, 228-on the
words common defence and gene-
ral welfare' in the constitution, 229;
congress has not a constitutional power
to encourage manufactures by boun-
ties, ibid-on the right of the govern
ment to lay imposts for the benefit of
domestic industry, under the plea to
regulate commerce, 230-this question
examined, 236- cases stated, relating
as to the difference between a tariff of
protection and countervailing duties
for the purpose of increasing the trade
which they at first restrain, 240-on
VOL. VI.-No. 12,

the right of levying protecting duties
being reserved to the States, 244-re-
ferred to, 421-under the advocate
of, the constitution is a restraining, not
an enabling instrument, 422-the su-
preme court to decide in favor of the
government in all doubtful cases, 423.
Appendix, Letter of Noah Webster, re-
marking on the review of his Diction-
ary, and the reply of the writer of the
article to the same, 255.

B.

Bailly, John Sylvan, sketch of the life
of, 85.

Bakewell, Robert, his Introduction to
Geology, referred to, 284-the last
edition of his work, may be used as
elementary, 298.

Beauharnois, de, marries Josephine, 314;
a man of ton, 315-suspects his wife,
ibid-prosecutes an unsuccessful suit
of divorce against Josephine, 316-- re-
conciled to his wife,318-visits the king,
and became convinced the throne
would become subverted, 319-be-
comes an object of suspicion by the
revolutionists, ibid-his imprison-
ment and condemnation, 320.
Bonaparte, his introduction to Josephine
323-gives up the sword of Beauhar-
nais to Josephine's son, 324-marries
Josephine just previous to his crossing
the Alps, 326-entertains suspicions
of his wife,330-turns his arms against
the Venetian States, 331-quarrels
with Josephine, 332-his reconcilia
tion, 333-embarks for Egypt, 334-
resolved to grasp the sovereign power,
337-after the battle of Austerlitz,
turned his thoughts to the aggrandize-
ment of his family, 345-his plans
when he learnt that Austria was disaf-
fected towards him, 347-introduc-
tion to Maria Louisa, 348-intimated
to Josephine an intention of a divorce,
ibid-presents himself after his di
vorce, to Josephine, 351-his depar-
ture for Russia, 353-his meeting with

70

Josephine after his defeat at Leipsic,
354.

Brain, the, for a more intimate know-
ledge of the structure of, indebted to
Gall and Spurzheim, 278-Fleureus'
statements relative to the functions
and powers of, 279.

Brande, W. Thomas, his Outlines of
Geology, referred to, 284, 298.
Byllesby, L. his Observations on the
sources and effects of unequal wealth
referred to, 1-maintains that profit
derived from capital is an unfair ad-
vantage taken of the producer. 2-op-
posed to the future distribution of
property by will, ibid.

C.

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of, referred to, 421-on the loose con-
struction of, 430-amended so that a
citizen of one state could not prose.
cute any of the U. States, 436-on the
question, whether it is a government
of the people or of the states, 440→→
clauses of the,under which the supreme
court claims to revise the proceed-
ings and judgments of the state tribu-
nals, 442-distinction between a state
government and a state sovereignty,
440--the judicial power divided into
supreme and subordinate and into
original and appellate jurisdiction,
442-on the word appellate,' 444-
the argument of the supreme court
for claiming the appellate power exa-
mined, 446-the doctrine of the su-
preme court, under the third article
of, that the appellate power is not li
mited to any particular court, exam-
ined, 449-state of public opinion
when the new, was proposed, 456-
on the discretionary power of con-
gress, whether the authority of the in-
ferior federal courts shall be original
or appellate, 459-debates in the con-
vention whether the government
should be national or federal, referred
to, 465-on the powers of the state
courts, 474 under the, the federal go-
vernment does not emanate from the
people aggregately,484-on the word
controversy in, 492-on the concur
rent jurisdiction of the state courts,

493-under, on the powers granted to
congress, 494.

Convention, the general, arguments in,
respecting the extent to be given to
appellate jurisdiction, 458-determin-
ed that Congress should appoint the
inferior tribunals, 462-the proceed-
ings of, best explain the objects and
intentions of the federal compact, 463
-in the early part of, a design to make
the government national rather than
federal, 464-in, the words national
and supreme constituted the great sub-
ject of debate, 467-was not the in-
tention of, to grant to the supreme
court exclusive jurisdiction, 476-de-
bates on the judiciary article in, 481.
Cooper's, Dr. opinion of the thickness
of the crust of the earth, 28-theory
of the internal heat of the globe, 289:
Essay on the volcanic origin of Floetz
Trap, published by Prof. Silliman,302

D.

Debate on Mr. Foot's Resolution, the sev
eral speeches made during the, by Mr.
Hayne and Mr. Webster, referred to,
140-on the most politic and just dispo-
sition of the public lands, 141-condi-
tions and trusts under which the public
lands were granted, 142-on the grants
of the public lands for partial and local
purposes, 143---Nathan Dane, 145-the
interest of the North to give her im-
press to the institutions of the West,
146-the institutions of the slave-hold-
ing states defended from the asper-
sions of Mr. W. 147-the special bill
of indictment of Mr. W. against S. C.,
148-on the conditions on which the
appropriations for the Cumberland
road were granted, 150-on the prin-
ciple of the tariff of 1816, compared
with those of 1824 and 1828, 151-the
tariff of 1816, considered by the states-
men of South-Carolina, a bill to reduce
duties, 152-in 1820, Mr. W. the lead-
er of the free-trade party in Boston,
ibid-the Charleston memorial on the
tariff act of 1820, referred to, ibid-
Mr. W's change of opinions between
the passing of the tariff acts of 1824
and 1828, and his defence, examined,
153-171-argument, whether the U.
8. government is national or federal,

171-198.

Deluges, surface of the earth and north-
ern climates grown colder since the last
series of, 289-imperfectly noted in
the written memoranda of tradition-
ary history, 291-an attempt at a ca-
talogue of, 293 on the tertiary, 295;
on the series of, to which the earth
owes its present aspect, 296.

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