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SAILING DIRECTIONS

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LONDON, E.:
JAMES IMRAY & SON,

CHART PUBLISHERS AND NAUTICAL BOOKSELLERS

89 & 102, MINORIES.

1877.

Established 1763.

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PREFACE.

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THIS work, a nautical description of the west coast of France, southward of Ouessant island, and of the north coast of Spain eastward of cape Estaca,--has been compiled from various sources of information, but chiefly from the surveys made by order of the French and Spanish governments. Although considerable care has been taken in the selection and arrangement of the materials upon which it is based, it must be remembered that the rivers of France falling into the Atlantic are almost all subject to changes in the depth and direction of their navigable channels; hence a prudent shipmaster bound to any port up a river should not hesitate to employ a pilot when practicable. In the Appendix will be found some remarks upon the manner in which the sands in the rivers are buoyed, and if careful attention be paid to the "system" there described, little difficulty should be experienced even when a pilot does not offer his services.

The longitudes are dependent upon Paris and San Fernando observatories. The former is considered to be 2° 20′ 9′′ E., and the latter 6° 12′ 21′′ W. from Greenwich.

As from the nature of the subject it is impossible that a work purporting to be 66 a Sailing Directory" can be, or can remain any length of time, free from error, it is respectfully requested that any faults that may be detected in this publication be notified to the publishers, who will very thankfully receive communications tending to its improvement. August 1st, 1877.

J. F. I.

M512219

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