Map Questions.-Name five rivers that flow into Chesapeake Bay. What two capes are at the entrance of the bay? To what large body of water is Chesapeake Bay tributary? Ans.-The Atlantic Ocean. How was Jamestown situated? Into what body of water does the Chowan River flow? What other river flows into Albemarle Sound? How is the Island of Roanoke situated?

of its rich products, or to find a home in which they might live in ease and idleness.

SEMPER

2. London Company.-A number of rich men, noblemen, merchants, and others, formed a company called the London Company, and obtained from the king a grant of land lying between the thirty-fourth and thirty-eighth parallels, which they were empowered to settle and govern. This company provided three small ships, provisions, tools, etc., and sent out a colony consisting of one hundred and five men, who were to make a settlement in Virginia. was given to Captain Christopher Newport.

SEAL OF VIRGINIA.

The command

3. Settlement at Jamestown. They were directed to settle on Roanoke Island, but were driven by adverse winds northward into Chesapeake Bay, and discovered a river, which they named James River, in honor of the king. They found the country very delightful, and sailing up this stream about fifty miles, they selected a place for a settlement, and called it Jamestown (1607).

4. Character of the Colonists.-The men sent out were but poorly fitted to settle in a wild country. Of the one hundred and five, only twelve were laborers, and there were but few mechanics; of the latter only four were carpenters. The greater number were poor gentlemen, bankrupt tradesmen, and idle adventurers-men who, having wasted their fortunes in dissipation, were eager to repair them in order to renew their former life of slothful enjoyment. Such men were of little use in cutting down trees and building huts; and hence the work went on slowly.

5. Dissensions among the Colonists.-Even before they

2. What was the London Company? What grant was made to it? What expedition was sent out? 3. Where was a settlement made? 4. What was the character of the settlers?

landed, quarrels had broken out among the emigrants, and these became more bitter as they were compelled to endure the labor and hardships of a life in the wilderness. They selected for their president a man named Wing'-field; but he was mean and selfish; and as their troubles increased from want and sickness, it was found that he had arranged to desert them, taking away their provisions and their only vessel. They accordingly deposed him, and appointed in his place one Rat'-cliffe. He, however, proved entirely incapable of the task of governing the colony (1607).

Captain John Smith.*

6. John Smith.- But there was one man among the emigrants who was equal to the task. This was the famous Jealous of his fame and his great abilities, the leaders of the expedition had quarreled with him on board of the ship, and had placed him in confinement, but, on landing, he had been released. Finding that he was not allowed to be of use in the settlement, he had busied himself in exploring the country, and had some wild and romantic adventures with the Indians.

JOHN SMITH.

7. Smith and Pocahontas.-Once, as he narrated, he was captured by the savages, and conducted to the great chief Pow-ha-tan', who, after considerable deliberation, condemned him to death. Smith was accordingly bound, and his head

* Smith had traveled through a large part of Europe, and had passed a very adventurons life. He had fought against the Turks; had been captured in battle, and made a slave; had been rescued from slavery through the compassion of his Turkish mistress, and had been sent by her to Russia, where he was treated as a serf. Rising against his task-master, he slew him, and fled from the country. Thence, in search of new adventures and dangers, he went to Morocco; and at length returned to England in time to embark in the enterprise of settling the New World. (See page 43, ¶ 2.)

5. What troubles arose? Who was made president? His character and conduct? His successor? 6. What is said of John Smith?

placed on a block, while the Indian warrior stood ready to despatch him with his club, when Pocahontas, the young daughter of Powhatan, rushed between the captain and his foe, and begged her father to spare him. The stern savage was moved by the appeal, and ordered that the prisoner should be released.*

8. Conduct of the Indians.-At first, the Indians had been friendly to the settlers; but the dissolute and unruly characters among the latter often treated the natives with insult, and robbed them of their corn. This produced hostilities which caused great suffering and distress in the colony. Pocahontas, however, was very friendly, and she and her companions often came to the fort to supply the English with corn.

9. Administration of Smith.-Owing to the inefficiency of Ratcliffe, the colonists felt compelled to rely upon Smith to conduct their affairs. By his prudence and vigor he saved the colony; for, on his return from his Indian expedition, he found only forty of the settlers remaining, and the strongest of these were preparing to escape with the pinnace; but Smith turned the guns of the fort upon them, and compelled them to return. Smith, a few months later, was made president of the council (1608).

10. The Gold Excitement.-Before this, one hundred and twenty new settlers had arrived, chiefly "vagabond gentlemen and goldsmiths;" and finding a kind of glittering earth, which they thought was gold, there was for a time "no talk, no hope, no work, but dig gold, wash gold, refine gold, load gold." Captain Newport, indeed, returned to England with his vessel freighted with this worthless stuff. Mean

*Smith's own words are : "Pocahontas, the king's dearest daughter, got his head in her armes, and laid her owne upon his to save him from death." This story is not now believed. It is thought that when Smith wrote the account (in 1622), he did so for the purpose of drawing attention to his adventures.

7. What story did Smith narrate of Pocahontas? 8. What was the conduct of the Indians? 9. What was done by Smith? 10. What addition was made to the settlemen.? Describe the gold excitement. How did Smith employ himself?

while, Smith, disgusted with the folly of the settlers, employed himself in exploring Chesapeake Bay and its tributary rivers, of which he made a map (1608).

11. New Arrivals.-Seventy other settlers arrived, of whom two were females; and the Company sent out a demand that the colonists should send back a "large lump of gold," or should discover how the South Sea might be reached.

THE ATTEMPT AT DESERTION FRUSTRATED.

They had become disappointed at the failure to realize any wealth from the expeditions, and threatened the settlers that they should be "left in Virginia as banished men," if they did not pay the costs of the expedition.

12. Starving Time. Smith continued to manage the affairs of the colony with vigor and success; but having been injured by an explosion of gunpowder, he was compelled to

11. What further addition to the settlement was made? What did the London Company demand? 12. Why did Smith leave the colony? What hardships were suffered? What is this period called?