sachusetts. He soon afterward appeared, with a company of troops, before the Connecticut Assembly at Hartford, and demanded that the charter of the colony should be given up.

31. A discussion arose, which was continued to nightfall, when the charter was brought in and laid on the table. Andros stepped forward to take it, when instantly the lights were put out; and when the candles were relighted, the charter had disappeared. It had been carried away and hidden in the hollow of a large oak tree, which was afterward called the Charter Oak (November 10, 1687).

32. The people suffered very much from the tyranny of Andros and his officers, until King William of Orange came to the throne of England, when they seized their hateful governor and some of his associates, and sent them to England to answer for their misdeeds. The colonies then resumed their former modes of government; and the charter of Connecticut was taken from its hiding-place in the hollow oak.

33. King Philip's War.-About forty years after the Pequod war, another fierce Indian war broke out in New England, known as King Philip's War. King Philip, as he was called by the English, was the son and successor of Massasoit, who had been the fast friend of the colonists. But the whites had now greatly increased in number, the whole population in New England being about sixty thousand, while the Indians were only half that number.*

34. Between Narragansett Bay and Plymouth were the Wam-pa-no'-ags, of which tribe Philip was the chief; and the

* The Indians were much more to be feared than in the time of the Pequods; for many of them had guns and ammunition instead of bows and arrows, and hatchets and knives of steel instead of the rude weapons made of stone or bone which they formerly used. Many of them had become skillful marksmen.

31. How was the charter taken away? Where was it concealed? 32. How were the people released from the government of Andros? What took place afterward? 33. When did another Indian war break out? Its cause? What was the population of New England at the time? 34, Where did the Wampanoags dwell? What caused ill-feeling among them? What brought on the war?

farms and villages of the whites were rapidly encroaching upon the hunting-grounds of this tribe. Philip had expressed

a desire to check this; and a converted Indian, who had lived for a time among the tribe, told the colonists of his hostile

designs. This man was afterward found murdered, and three of Philip's men were seized, and hanged for the crime.

35. Philip and his men, thirsting for revenge, at once commenced the war (1675), and burned Swanzey, one of the Plymouth towns.

The alarm was given, and he was pur

sued by a force from Plymouth and Boston, as far as his home at Mount Hope, which he was forced to abandon, seeking safety in a swamp. The savages becoming desperate, then burnt village after village, and carried death and desolation throughout the country.*

36. The Narragansetts, being suspected of giving aid to the hostile tribe, were attacked, and almost destroyed. At last King Philip was tracked to his hiding-place, and shot by an Indian of his own tribe. This closed the war, after it had continued about fourteen months, during which more than six hundred men in the prime of life had fallen in battle, and nearly twenty villages had been burned.‡

* The colonists led a fearful life during this war. No house was safe from an attack, and no person could walk out without danger of being murdered. Often, as the farmer opened his door in the morning, he was shot dead by a savage lurking behind the fence or the barn, and his family were either tomahawked and scalped, or carried away captives into the wilderness, where they suffered the most dreadful hardships. Many singular stories are told of an almost miraculous escape from massacre by villages and households. One Sabbath morning, while the people of Hadley were at worship in the village church, a tall and venerable man, a stranger to them, appeared, and told them that the savages were coming. He then put himself at the head of the men, and led them against the Indians. The savages were routed and fled; but when the English looked round for their preserver he had fled, and they for some time believed they had been rescued by an an gel; but it was afterward discovered that it was General Goffe, one of the judges who had condemned Charles I., and who had been hidden in Hadley, from the king's officers.

† One of Philip's warriors proposed to him to submit to the whites. In anger and scorn, he instantly shot him dead. The brother of this man deserted to the English, and guided them to the hiding-place of Philip; and he it was who, to avenge his brother's death, shot the great chief.

"The primitive weapons of the Indian, the bow and arrow, had been exchanged for guns and hatchets, which he learned to use too well. The Dutch on one side, or the French on another, kept him supplied with powder and ball. He fought for his hunting-grounds, now parcelled out among strangers. He fell to be received into the Elysian fields of the great Manitou. We cannot forbear our tribute of pity and admiration for Philip. What though he struck the war-post and chanted the death song to gather his dusky warriors for one mighty effort to exterminate our ancestors, his cause was the same that has ever received the world's applause."--Drake's Historic Fields.

35. What were the first events of the war? 36. How were the Narragansetts involved? What was the result? How was King Philip's war ended? What calamities had it caused?

37. The Salem Witchcraft. In 1692, in the little town of Salem, two young girls, in the family of a clergyman, were attacked with a strange illness, and the physician, not being able to explain the nature of their disease, said they were bewitched; that is, that some one, by means of evil spirits, was tormenting them. An old Indian woman was accused of being the witch; and she was so cruelly treated, that she at last, probably to escape her master's whip, said she was a witch.

38. This led to a strange excitement, not only in Salem but other towns; and numbers of persons were accused of the crime of witchcraft, and, to escape torture, confessed their guilt. More than fifty were in this way compelled to make such a confession; and twenty persons were put to death, many others being sent to prison.*

SEAL OF MASSACHUSETTS

39. This dreadful delusion lasted more than six months; and it was not until some of the magistrates themselves, and even the governor's wife, were accused, that the people began to see how much they had been deceived. All the accused were then set at liberty, and some of the most active in bringing them to punishment, confessed that they had been imposed upon or had sworn falsely.t

"Many devoted sons and daughters clung to their parents, visited them in prison in defiance of a bloodthirsty mob, kept by their side on the way to execution; expressed their love, sympathy, and reverence to the last; and by brave and perilous enterprises, got possession of their remains and bore them back under the cover of midnight to their own thresholds, and to graves kept consecrated by their prayers and tears."-Upham's History of the Salem Witchcraft.

The belief in witches was not confined to America; indeed, it was very general in Europe, and in England many persons were condemned to death for this supposed crime.

37. What led to the witchcraft excitement in Salem? 39. How long did the delusion last? What ended it? What was done at its close?

38. What were the results?

CHAPTER VI.

NEW YORK AND NEW JERSEY.

1. Hudson's Voyage. For hundreds of years, search was made for a northwest passage to India; for the way by Cape Horn was long and dangerous. Among the navigators who had attempted to find this passage was Henry Hudson, an English captain; and in 1609, the Dutch merchants, who at that time were very enterprising in navigation and commerce, engaged him to make another voyage for this purpose, and sent him out in a small vessel called the HalfMoon.

DUTCH HOUSE.

Map Questions.-(Map, p. 64.) Where is the city of New York? Hudson? Albany? (Map, p. 54.) What river is between New Jersey and Pennsylvania? Where is Bergen? Elizabeth (formerly Elizabethtown)? What waters on the north and south of Long Island (map, p. 54)? Where is Cape Horn? (Map of South America.)

Text Questions.-1. What passage was long sought for? Who was Henry Hudson? What voyage was he sent upon? In what ship?