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RARE.. BOOK ROOM
1874, Sept. 30. Gift of Joshila Brien, M.D. of Gicton. (4.26.1818.)
INS. COMP. ZOOL LIBRARY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CONTENTS.
INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER.
Page
Objects of physical science-divisions of science-influence
of theory-personal advantages derived from science-
proofs of design-knowledge raises the standard of hap-
piness-pleasures of investigation-harmony of natural
agents-application of science to the arts-effects of
scientific knowledge-origin of the physical sciences-
importance of the mathematics education.
CHAPTER I.
THE EARTH IN RELATION TO THE UNIVERSE.
The form and dimensions of the earth-revolution of the
earth on its axis-theory of the formation of the earth-
centrifugal force-the pendulum-the fixed stars--the planets-force of gravity-curvilinear motion-magni- tude and distance of the planets-day and night
CHAPTER II.
CELESTIAL APPEARANCES.
Comets-origin of astrology-nebula-phases of the moon
-eclipses
19
23
50
CHAPTER III.
THE ATMOSPHERE AND ITS PHENOMENA.
Proofs of the existence of an atmosphere-composition of
air-properties of the atmosphere-transparency-fluidity
-balloons-expansibility of air-pressure of the atmo
sphere-barometers-extent of the atmosphere-air a
conductor of sound-echoes-wind
66
CHAPTER IV.
ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA DEPENDANT ON THE DISTRIBUTION
OF HEAT.
Nature of heat-dilatation by heat-thermometers-latent
heat-evaporation-hygrometers--clouds-classification
of clouds-rain-snow-hail--dew - hoar-frost-mist-
connexion of the sciences of heat and meteorology
CHAPTER V.
102
PHENOMENA DEPENDANT ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND CON-
DITIONS OF LIGHT.
Production of light-nature of light-general facts-reflec-
tion-refraction-twilight-mirage-decomposition of
light by refraction-decomposition of light by absorption
-colour of bodies-colour of the clouds-rainbow-halo
-corona-parhelia-the study of the science of optics 155
CHAPTER VI.
PHENOMENA DEPENDANT ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF ELEC-
TRICITY.
Identity of electricity and the agent that produces lightning
-effects of lightning-circumstances under which light-
ning is produced-thunder-clouds-lightning-conductors
-electrical condition of the atmosphere-aurora borealis
-St. Elmo's light
CHAPTER VII.
187
PHENOMENA DEPENDANT ON TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM.
The loadstone-magnetic attraction-magnetic induction
-polarity and induction-variation of the magnetic
needle-annual change of the variation-diurnal change
of the variation-the dip-origin of terrestrial magnetism 203
CHAPTER VIII.
INTERIOR OF THE EARTH.
Geological theories-the crust of the earth-general re- marks-the order of rocks-stratification of rocks-cleav- age of rocks-disturbed strata-elevation or depression of strata classification of stratified rocks- unstratified
rocks-granitic rocks-trap-rocks-granitic and trap
veins-metallic veins-coal measures-organic remains
-reptiles-fossilized remains of mammalia-diluvian ac-
tion-superficial gravels-boulders-bone caverns-form-
ation of valleys-temperature of the interior of the earth
-volcanoes-active volcanoes-phenomena resulting
from volcanic activity-volcanic islands-earthquakes-
thermal springs-theories of volcanic action-general
remarks
CHAPTER IX.
LAND AND WATER.
Formation of land-definitions-continents-mountains-
elevation of mountains-M. de Beaumont's theory-
caverns-springs-glaciers-rivers-cascades and cata-
racts-lakes-the sea-level of the sea-colour of the
ocean-phosphorescence of the sea-temperature of the
sea-marine ice-icebergs-water-spouts-waves-tides
-currents- chymical composition of substances-ele-
mentary substances-cohesion-crystallization-chymi.
cal attraction--composition of water
CHAPTER X.
SUPERFICIAL TEMPERATURE OF THE EARTH.
219
322
The seasons-mean temperature-temperature of the sea
-climate-temperature of the ancient earth-conclusion 389