War in the Gulf, 1990-91: The Iraq-Kuwait Conflict and Its ImplicationsOxford University Press, 27. 9. 2001. - 299 страница For most Americans, the war against Iraq lingers in memory as a vast morality play, a drama offering ready made heroes and villains: a glowering dictator in military uniform, hapless Kuwaiti refugees with tales of persecution, plucky pilots with high-tech wizardry, and a defiant American president, ringing Churchillian as he drew a line in the sand. But this characterization of the war is greatly oversimplified, a one-dimensional portrait, lacking in context and nuance. In War in the Gulf, 1990 91, eminent scholars Majid Khadduri and Edmund Ghareeb paint a very different picture, one that brings historical depth to the portrait, and displays the actions of many of the participants in a new and revealing light. Khadduri and Ghareeb offer a far more accurate and complex portrait of the Iraq-Kuwait conflict, providing a wealth of background information not readily available before. They made a distinction between the differences between Iraq and Kuwait over frontiers, territory, and sovereignty and the method pursued by Iraqi leaders to resolve those differences. They explore, for instance, the history of relations between Iraq and Kuwait, revealing that Kuwait had once been a part of Basra (in southern Iraq) during the Ottoman rule, and only became a separate country while under British control (it was the British in fact who drew the much-disputed boundary line between Iraq and Kuwait). Khadduri and Ghareeb describe the many decades of struggle to resolve the boundary issue, examining the repeated attempts by other Arab states to mediate according to Islamic traditions of consultation and peaceful resolution within the faith. The authors also show how Saddam Husayn's war with Iran exacerbated the boundary tensions. Because of the decade-long war, Iraq badly needed oil revenue to repay wartime loans and to rebuild, but Kuwait persisted in pumping far beyond its OPEC quota, driving down prices, and costing Iraq billions of dollars of revenue. The book reveals how Kuwait spurned Arab attempts to mediate this clash over oil prices as well as the longstanding boundary dispute, frustrating efforts to resolve this crisis by peaceful means. In one particularly interesting section, the book examines the diplomatic talks during the early summer of 1990, both among various Arab nations (most notably, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Kuwait), and with Saddam Husayn and the United States (they show how messages from Washington and a visit by a congressional delegation lead by Senator Dole convinced the Iraqi leaders that they would be allowed to settle their problems with Kuwait without outside interference). Khadduri and Ghareeb carry us through to the present, exploring the war and its aftermath, from the uprisings against Baghdad, to the continuing U.N. sanctions, to the recent defections from Saddam's inner circle. War in the Gulf is a balanced, eye-opening account of one of the central events of recent years. It corrects the Western views of most reporting, explaining the frame of mind of the participants as no one has done before and causing us to examine anew such questions as who was responsible for the conflict, and what might have happened if the United States had not intervened so rapidly. |
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... Baghdad IRAN Tigris Karbala . Hillah Diwaniya Amarah Najaf Nasiriya Euphrates 0 200 Kilometers 0 100 200 Miles Basrah Umm Qasr Kuwait City KUWAIT Khafji SAUDI ARABIA Riyadh ☆ PERSIAN GULF 1 Part I ORIGINS OF THE GULF WAR T This IRAQ ...
... Baghdad IRAN Tigris Karbala . Hillah Diwaniya Amarah Najaf Nasiriya Euphrates 0 200 Kilometers 0 100 200 Miles Basrah Umm Qasr Kuwait City KUWAIT Khafji SAUDI ARABIA Riyadh ☆ PERSIAN GULF 1 Part I ORIGINS OF THE GULF WAR T This IRAQ ...
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... region as a whole . During the eight - year war with Iran , Kuwait— indeed , along with several other Arab neighbors — supported Iraq not only politically in international councils , but also financially when its income from the export ...
... region as a whole . During the eight - year war with Iran , Kuwait— indeed , along with several other Arab neighbors — supported Iraq not only politically in international councils , but also financially when its income from the export ...
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... region ) , where the tribesmen were governed by their own native tribal chiefs , the Ottoman authority had either been nominal or not acknowledged at all . In the Gulf re- gion , where Great Britain's main objective was the pursuit of ...
... region ) , where the tribesmen were governed by their own native tribal chiefs , the Ottoman authority had either been nominal or not acknowledged at all . In the Gulf re- gion , where Great Britain's main objective was the pursuit of ...
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... region as noted earlier . The accession of Shaykh Mubarak to the Kuwait throne in 1896 marked a significant change in the direction of the policy of alliances . Mubarak proved to be a master diplomat who knew not only how to manipulate ...
... region as noted earlier . The accession of Shaykh Mubarak to the Kuwait throne in 1896 marked a significant change in the direction of the policy of alliances . Mubarak proved to be a master diplomat who knew not only how to manipulate ...
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... region , was in favor of bringing Kuwait under some form of British control as in other Arab Gulf areas . In 1898 , the rumor of Rus- sian intentions to establish a railway terminal in Kuwait may have influ- enced the British government ...
... region , was in favor of bringing Kuwait under some form of British control as in other Arab Gulf areas . In 1898 , the rumor of Rus- sian intentions to establish a railway terminal in Kuwait may have influ- enced the British government ...
Садржај
3 | |
6 | |
20 | |
Kuwaits Attempt at Unity with Iraq | 34 |
Proposals for Unity by Means Short of War | 53 |
IMMEDIATE CAUSES OF THE GULF WAR | 77 |
Impact of the IraqIran War on Iraqs Relationship with Arab Gulf Countries | 79 |
Drives and Events Leading to the Invasion of Kuwait | 95 |
Iraq under the Aegis of the United Nations | 180 |
and Kurdish Uprisings | 189 |
Demarcation of the Frontiers | 212 |
RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE WAR | 225 |
Standards of Responsibility | 227 |
Arab Responsibilities | 232 |
Western Intervention and Its Rationale | 244 |
Conclusion Was the War Inevitable? | 255 |
STAGES OF THE GULF WAR | 119 |
The Invasion of Kuwait | 121 |
The Role of the United Nations | 134 |
The Coalition War | 169 |
Epilogue | 261 |
Notes | 269 |
Index | 295 |
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Чести термини и фразе
Abd-Allah agreement American Amir Arab countries Arab Gulf Arab leaders Arab League attack Aziz Baghdad Baker Barzani Basra Bayrut Britain British Raj Bubiyan claim Coalition cooperation defence delegation demarcation economic sanctions foreign minister Ghareeb Glaspie Gulf countries Gulf crisis Gulf War Harb al-Khalij Husayn Kamil intervention invasion of Kuwait Iran Iranian Iraq Iraq and Kuwait Iraq-Iran War Iraq-Kuwait Iraqi forces Iraqi government Islamic Israel Jidda jihad Jordan Khawr King Fahd King Husayn Kurdish Kurds Kuwait Crisis Lauterpacht London meeting ment Middle East military negotiations Nuri Nuri's Ottoman Empire pan-Arab peaceful means political President Bush proposals Qasim regime region resolve Sabah Saddam Husayn Saudi Arabia Shaykh Ahmad Shaykh of Kuwait Shaykh Sa'd Shi'i sought sovereignty Suwaydi Talabani Tariq Aziz territory thalweg tion treaty U.N. Charter Umm Qasr United Nations uprising Uzri Warba weapons Western withdraw from Kuwait
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