C CAAING-WHALE-CABEZON DE LA SAL CAAIN Cetacea, in the dolphin family, belonging AING-WHALE (Globicephalus melas), one of | seen hovering over the cabbage and turnip beds to deposit their eggs; these are yellow, conical in shape and are deposited on the under side of the leaves in clusters of 20 or 30. They hatch in a week, and the resulting caterpillars grow to a length of one or one and a half inches. They suspend themselves by their tails, and are transformed into shining pale green chrysalids, spotted with black, from which the perfect insect emerges, either the same season or after the lapse of a winter, no longer to devour cabbage leaves, but to subsist delicately upon honey. To the same genus belong the rape-butterfly (Pieris rapa) and the Southern cabbage-butterfly (Pieris protodice). the Cetacea, in the dolphin family, belonging to a genus common in all seas, and oftener stranded than any other "whale." The length varies from 16 to 24 feet; the maximum girth is about 10 feet. It It feeds chiefly on cuttle-fish. Many names are given to these common cetaceans; among the most popular are pilot whale, blackfish, social whale and grind hoal. (See WHALE, Vol. XXIV, p. 525.) The word caaing is not the Scottish form of calling, as has been supposed, but is a totally different Scotch word, which signifies driving. Caaing-whale appears to be originally an Orkney or Zetland name. Another species of the same genus (G. rissoanus), 9 or 10 feet long, the male of a bluish white color, the female brown, both sexes marked with irregular white lines and brown spots, is found in the Mediterranean. CAB, a carriage with either two or four wheels, and drawn by one horse. The name is derived from the cabriolet-de-place, introduced into England from France at the beginning of the present century. (See CARRIAGE, Vol. V, p. 136.) In Paris the cabriolet-de-place was introduced about the middle of the seventeenth century by Nicholas Sauvage, whose residence in the Rue St. Martin, at the Hotel St. Fiacre, has given the name of fiacres to the public carriages of that city. The cabs of foreign countries and of our own chief towns have their peculiar features, and are governed by police or municipal regulations. The name is also applied to the covered part of a locomotive which shelters the engineer and fireman and shields the gauges and levers. CABAL, a term now employed to denote a small, intriguing, factious party, united for political or personal ends. It had been previously used to denote a secret committee or cabinet, when, during 166773, it was especially applied to Charles II's infamous ministry. (See CABINET, Vol. IV, p. 619.) The derivation goes back to the Hebrew Kabalah. CABALLERO, FERNAN, pseudonym of a Spanish novelist. See FABER, CECILIA, Vol. VIII, p. 833. CABANEL, ALEXANDER, artist; born in Montpellier, France, Nov. 28, 1823; died in Paris, June 23, 1889; first exhibited in 1844 at the Salon of Paris, and afterward produced many paintings, the finest of which are in the Luxembourg collection. He was elected to the Académie des Beaux Arts in succession to Horace Vernet in 1863, and was an officer of the Legion of Honor. Among his principal works are The Death of Moses (now in the Corcoran Art Gallery at Washington); The Lost Paradise; John the Baptist; Venus; and Lucretia and Tarquin. CABBAGE-BUTTERFLY, a name applied to several species of butterfly, especially to Pieris brassica, the larvæ of which devour the leaves of plants of the cabbage tribe. Their wings are white with little black marks; their antennæ short; their flight lazy and lumbering. In May and June they may be CABBAGE-FLY (Anthomyia brassica), a fly of the same family as the house-fly, whose larvæ often do great injury to the roots of cabbages and similar plants. They are found in America and Europe. CABBAGE-MOTH, a moth or butterfly (Mamestra brassica). The wings are brown, marked with pairs of darker spots. The greenish black caterpillar feeds upon the leaves of the cabbage and allied plants. The name is also applied to the white or yellow butterflies of the genus Pieris, which have been introduced into America from Europe. The larvæ of the various species vary in color from green to black. They are known as "cabbage-worms,' and are similar to the larvæ of Mamestra in habits. CABBAGE-PALM OR CABBAGE TREE, a name given to several palms whose great terminal buds are eaten like cabbage. The Oreodoxa (formerly called Areca oleracea, or Euterpe oleracea) is the cabbage-palm of the West Indies. The Sabal palmetto, otherwise called the palmetto, is the cabage-palm of the Southern states. See PALM, Vol. XVIII, pp. 189–191. CABER, TOSSING THE, a Scottish athletic exercise or feat, in which a long, peeled sapling or undressed stem of a young tree, heavier at one end than the other, is held perpendicularly balanced against the chest, small end downward, and tossed so as to fall on the heavy end and turn over, the farthest toss and straightest fall winning. The thin end, held in the hand, should be not more than three inches in diameter; the average length of a good larch caber is about 21 feet. CABES OR KHABS, GULF OF, an inlet of the Mediterranean Sea, lying between the islands of Kerkenna and Jerba, on the northeast coast of Africa, in lat. 34° N., and long. from 10° to 11° E. The town of Cabes stands at the head of the gulf. CABEZON DE LA SAL, a town of north-central Spain, in the province of Valladolid, 7 miles. N.E. of Valladolid City. It is situated on the Pisuerga, and is celebrated as the scene of one of the first battles of the Peninsular campaign in 1808, in which the Spaniards were defeated by the French. Population, 2,000. 644 CABINDA-CABLE RAILWAYS CABINDA, a small Portuguese territory on the west coast of Africa, delimited in 1886, bounded on the east by the Congo State, which on the south separates it from the mouth of the Congo. The capital, Cabinda, was formerly a noted slave port. See CABENDA, Vol. IV, p. 618. CABINET, a body of advisers to the executive of a government. For European history and usage of, see CABINET, Vol. IV, pp. 618 et seq. In the United States the President's Cabinet exists as such simply by custom or precedent. The President is under no legal obligation to summon a Cabinet meeting, or to ask for an opinion, or to accept same if given, although no President has ever failed to call or to seek counsel from his Cabinet. The decisions of the Cabinet have no binding force. In 1886 it was provided by Congress that in case of vacancy of the offices of President and Vice-President by death, removal, resignation or disability, the members of the Cabinet should succeed to the office of President in the order of the dates of the original creation of their departments, beginning with the Secretary of State, then of the Treasury, of War, Attorney-General, Postmaster-General, Navy and Interior. The Secretary of Agriculture, whose department was created three years after the passage of this provision, is not affected by it. The successor is to act as chief executive until the disability is removed or a new President duly elected. See also UNITED STATES, Vol, XXIII, p. 748. GEORGE W. CABLE. CABLE, GEORGE WASHINGTON, novelist; born in New Orleans, Louisiana, Oct. 12, 1844. Obliged by the death of his father, in 1859, to leave school, he became a clerk, and in 1863 enlisted in the Confederate army, fought gallantly, was wounded, and at the end of the war, finding himself destitute, became an errand-boy. He studied civil-engineering, and was for a time attached to a surveying expedition. During a period of ill health he began writing poems and humorous sketches for the New Orleans Picayune, and soon after was regularly attached to the editorial staff. On severing his connection with this paper, he became a contributor to Scribner's Monthly, now the Century Magazine. His stories deal with Creole life as found in the city of his birth. His published books include Old Creole Days; The Grandissimes; Dr. Sevier; Madame Delphine; The Creoles of Louisiana; The Silent South; and Bonaventure. The author has introduced a new field to the attention of readers. His stories are gracefully told, the characters are delicately drawn, and a sunny humor traces its way through them all. He is a popular lecturer, and gives most enjoyable readings from his own works. He is greatly interested in Sunday school work, and is a favorite writer and lecturer on the International Lessons. CABLE RAILWAYS. In a number of large cities the cable railway has been introduced to carry the street-car traffic because it was cheaper than horse-cars, and because, for some reason, electricity was not available. Its installation and maintenance are more costly than that of the trolley road, and yet it has advantages that cause its continuance in many cases. The extensive lines in New York City, on Broadway, on Third Avenue, and on One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street, have been operated satisfactorily for several years. Philadelphia, after some years' use, abandoned them for the trolley. San Francisco has maintained a line for many years. The average cost of installing a cable railway system has been placed at $350,000 a mile, and the average of available horse-power at the cars at 40 per cent of the indicated horse-power of the engines used. This is not a remarkable showing, and the opinion prevails among engineers that the cable roads for city surface travel will be superseded within a few years by the underground or conduit-trolley system. The cable railway seems destined, however, to find a permanent employment on mountain lines, or where there are severe grades to be overcome. It is peculiarly adapted to such work, and is now employed on most of the mountain railways of the world, often in conjunction with electricity. Three of these interesting roads have been built in the Alpine region, in close proximity to each other, since 1890; the Burgenstock railway, the Monte Salvatore railway, and the Stanserhorn railway. They were at first fitted with wire cables having hempen cores, which prevented the breaking of the wire strands by internal friction; but latterly the hempen cores have been subject to rot before the cables wore out, and it has been found possible to construct them wholly of steel wires, tightly packed, and of graduated section, without cross-winding. This arrangement almost wholly overcomes the tendency to wear out by internal rubbing of the wires in bending. The Burgenstock railway, opposite Lucerne, is half a mile long, and has an inclination of 45 degrees. A rack is used as a safety factor. The cable speed is 2.5 miles an hour. The Monte Salvatore railway is almost a duplicate of this, both roads being driven by dynamos that obtain power from waterfalls. The Stanserhorn railway is the most remarkable of the Alpine trio, having a grade of 60 per cent, and attaining an altitude of 6,233 feet, and dispensing altogether with the rack, depending upon a safetybrake for clutching the rails in case of accident to the cable. The power is brought from an electricpower station several miles away, the price paid being only $20 per horse-power per annum. A fall of the river Aa furnishes power for the dynamos. The road cost only $300,000, notwithstanding the tremendous grade, and that a part of its route had to be tunneled out of a loose mass of fallen boulders. The Otis elevated cable railway at Catskill, New York, built in 1892, is 7,005 feet long, and has a rise of 1,6021⁄2 feet. Trains are made up of two cars each, and run on a double track, so that they balance each other by the ascent of one while the other descends. The cable is supported by pulleys at 30 |