intelligence. In the name of the patriotic sires who breasted the storms and vicissitudes of the Revolution; by all the kindred ties of this country; in the name of the many battles fought for our freedom; in behalf of the young and the old; in behalf of the arts and sciences, civilization, peace, order, Christianity, and humanity, I appeal to you to strike from your limbs the chains that bind them; come forth from that loathsome prison, (party caucus) and in this hour, the most gloomy and disheartening to the lovers of free institutions that has ever existed during our country's history, arouse the drooping spirits of our countrymen by putting forth your good strong arms to assist in steadying the rocking pillars of the mightiest Republic that has ever had an existence."

CHAPTER IV.

STORMY SCENES IN CONGRESS-HOSTILITIES COM

MENCED.

N 1860, Mr. Logan's constituents were so well

I

pleased with their Representative that they re

elected him to the Thirty-seventh Congress, giving him 21,381 votes against 5,439 for Linegar, Republican. In that political campaign he continued to give his ardent support to Stephen A. Douglas. That winter, the Legislature having redistricted the State, he removed his residence to Marion, Williamson County, in order that he might still remain in his proper Congressional locality. Before leaving his old home he expressed his regret that Mr. Douglas had not been made President rather than Mr. Lincoln, but he declared that the latter having been elected, he "would shoulder his musket to have him inaugurated if any armed demonstration should be made."

On reaching Washington to be present at the opening of the last session of the Thirty-sixth Congress, in December, 1860, Mr. Logan saw many of the Southern Senators and Representatives secede from the Congress of the United States, while a few others, truculent and defiant,

remained to place every obstacle in the way of coercion by the Federal Government. Mr. Logan repeatedly arraigned them for their ill-concealed disloyalty, and asked them how they reconciled their hostility to the Government with the oaths which they had taken to support the Constitution. Attending the special session of the Thirtyseventh Congress, called by Mr. Lincoln, which met on the Fourth of July, 1861, Mr. Logan saw the war-clouds gathering in every direction. The National Metropolis resounded with the beating of drums and the clang of arms as patriotic men came hastening from all sections of the loyal North to its defense, while the Confederates, having seized many forts and arsenals of the United States, were concentrating a large armed force on the south bank of the Potomac. The Republicans, of course, sustained the Administration, and the Democrats, rising above party trammels, indorsed the declaration of President Lincoln that there were "wrongs to be redressed, already long enough endured." Those who had been the disciples of that great General who had declared that "the Federal Union must and shall be preserved," did not choose to endure those wrongs any longer. Mr. Logan, alive to the gravity and the dangers of the situation, turned from the Democratic party toward the Republicans as the defenders and preservers of the Union, and when he turned, it was without a qualification.

Before the close of the session, Mr. Adrian, of New Jersey, offered the following resolution in the House of Representatives: "Resolved, That we fully approve of the bold and patriotic act of Major Anderson in withdrawing from Fort Moultrie to Fort Sumter, and of the determination of the President to maintain that fearless officer in his present position; and that we will support the President in all constitutional measures to enforce the laws and preserve the Union." Upon the passage of this resolution Mr. Logan voted "aye," and added that "it received his unqualified support." Years afterward, when slanderers had undertaken to cast doubts upon his loyalty at this critical period, Senators L. Q. C. Lamar and Pugh bore unsolicited testimony to his loyalty of deed, thought, and purpose.

"On to Richmond!" now became the popular cry, and on the 16th of July the Union army crossed the Potomac. On the 18th, General McDowell sent forward three columns to make reconnoisances of the enemy's entrenched position on the south bank of Bull Run. One of these columns, commanded by Brigadier-General Tyler, after encountering obstructions, reached Bull Run, at Blackburn's Ford, and found a Confederate battery on the opposite bank. After some exchanges of shots by the artillery, Colonel 'Richardson, who commanded a brigade, was ordered forward to reconnoitre, and he threw out a

regiment as skirmishers into the thick woods which bordered the creek. The Confederates opened a raking fire of artillery and musketry upon them, and a lively fusilade ensued, which resulted in the retreat of the skirmishing regiment. Colonel Richardson reported this to General Tyler, and proposed to make a charge with the remaining three regiments of the brigade for the purpose of carrying the enemy's position. General Tyler sent back word that the Confederates were in large force and strongly fortified, and that a further attack was unnecessary. was, he said, merely a reconnoissance, and the strength of the enemy having been ascertained, Colonel Richardson would fall back with his command, an order which was reluctantly complied with.

It

General Anson G. McCook, who was in the supporting brigade commanded by General Schenck, as a captain of the Second Ohio Volunteers, narrates an episode which occurred just as Colonel Richardson's skirmish line was recalled. He saw, slowly coming back from the front, two civilians, who attracted his attention. One he recognized as his uncle, Daniel McCook, of Illinois, and the other, who wore a high silk hat and carried a musket on his shoulder, had gleaming black eyes and a heavy moustache. His hands and clothes were covered with blood, for he had been helping to carry wounded men out of range,