tee appointed at Chicago to notify the candidates. for President and Vice-President of their nomination, well said in his address to General Logan that in his election the people of the country will furnish new proof of the excellence of our institutions. Without wealth, without help from others, without any resources except those of heart, conscience, intellect, energy, and courage, he has won a high place in the world's history and secured the confidence and affection of his countrymen. Being one of the people, his sympathies are with the people. In civil life his chief care has been to better their condition, to and perpetuate their liberties. ment was threatened by armed treason he entered its service as a private, became a commander of armies, and is now the ideal of the citizen-soldiers of this Republic. Republic. Such, in the judgment of the Republican party, is the candidate it has selected. secure their rights When the Govern With Blaine as a leader and Logan as second in command, the Republican party will march proudly forward, "keeping step to the music of the Union," to a glorious triumph—the triumph of Union and Liberty, of the advancement of American Industry, of the Rights of all the People, of the Honor, the Prosperity, and the Glory of the Republic. "In order to have any success in life, or any worthy success, you must resolve to carry into your work a fullness of Knowledge-not merely a Sufficiency, but more than a Sufficiency." James A. Garfield. BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF THE PRESIDENTIAL CONTESTS. Madison, Monroe, John chosen to the Presidency Washington, Adams, Jefferson, Quincy Adams, and Jackson were without the machinery of either State or National Conventions for their nomination. WASHINGTON was chosen by common consent and demand, receiving the unanimous electoral vote, sixty-nine, ten States only voting, New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island not having adopted the Constitution or framed election laws, and four qualified delegates being absent. At his second election he received all the votes but three, viz.: one hundred and thirty-two out of one hundred and thirty-five, fifteen States voting. In 1789, eleven other persons were voted for on the same ballots with Washington, he who received the next highest vote to be the Vice-President, as was the rule until 1804. John Adams was thus chosen by thirty-four votes over the following competitors: John Jay, R. H. Harrison, John Rutledge, John Hancock, George Clinton, Samuel Huntingdon, John Milton, James Armstrong, Benjamin Lincoln, and Edward Telfair. In 1792, John Adams was again chosen Vice-President, by seventy-seven out of one hundred and thirty-two votes, over George Clinton, Thomas Jefferson, and Aaron Burr. Adams represented the Federalist or Administration party of the day, the opposition being then known as the Republican party. ADAMS, having twice held the Vice-Presidency, was thought to have a claim on the higher position, and in 1796, sixteen States voting, he received seventy-one electoral votes, Jefferson receiving sixty-eight, and becoming Vice-President over Thomas Pinckney, Aaron Burr, Samuel Adams, Oliver Ellsworth, George Clinton, John Jay, James Iredell, George Washington, John Henry, S. Johnson, and Charles C. Pinckney, for each of whom from one to fifty-nine electoral votes were cast. The successful candidates represented the two parties of the day. In 1800, the parties in Congress each held a caucus and each nominated its own candidates. JEFFERSON was chosen President in 1800, on the thirtysixth ballot of the House of Representatives, he and Aaron Burr having a tie vote of seventy-three in the Electoral College, sixteen States voting. Burr then became Vice-President over John Adams, Charles C. Pinckney, and John Jay, who represented the Federalists. In 1803, the Constitution was amended prescribing the present method of choosing the nation's chief officers. After this for a long period the Republican party and its successor, the Democratic party, had things as they pleased. In 1804, Jefferson was re-elected over Charles C. Pinckney by one hundred and sixty-two votes to fourteen, George Clinton becoming Vice-President over Rufus King. This was a result of the Congressional caucus. Seventeen States voted. MADISON, the nominee of the Republican caucus, received one hundred and twenty-two electoral votes in 1808, seventeen States voting, his opponent, Charles C. Pinckney, receiving but fourteen, and George Clinton, another candidate, receiving none. Clinton received one hundred and thirteen votes for the Vice-Presidency, however, and was chosen over Rufus King, John Langdon, James Madison, and James Monroe. In 1812, Madison received one hundred and twenty-eight electoral votes out of two hundred and eighteen, eighteen States voting, De Witt Clinton receiving eighty-nine votes. Elbridge Gerry was chosen to the second place by one hundred and thirty-one votes, Jared Ingersoll receiving eighty-six. MONROE was twice lifted into power by the caucus, receiving one hundred and eighty-three votes to thirty-four for Rufus King, in 1816, and two hundred and thirty-one to one only for John Quincy Adams, in 1820, nineteen States voting in the first election and twenty-four in the second. D. D. Tompkins received one hundred and eighty-three votes for |