on to say: "General Grant was brought to the Army of the Potomac. He made a success; he won the battle; victory perched upon our banners; we succeeded; slavery was abolished, and our country saved." In conclusion, General Logan urged disaffected Republicans to "stand by the old ship, in which there is life, and outside of which there is death. But whether they do or not success will be ours; this Government will be peaceful, the people happy and prosperous, harmony and unity will prevail, to the great advancement of the material interests of this great nation."

In 1873, General Logan delivered the annual oration at the seventh annual meeting of the Army of the Tennessee, at Toledo, Ohio. After reviewing the glorious war record of the army and paying a feeling tribute to its deceased officers, he eloquently said: "And now that peace is restored and the power of the nation manifested and its authority vindicated, we should glory in its perpetuity and triumph and teach our posterity to honor that old flag-emblem of -emblem of peace and prosperity. For three-quarters of a century, in every land and every clime, it has been the banner of freedom and token of liberty-the starspangled banner that has gathered millions from lands of oppression and homes of servitude. In foreign lands the wanderer has greeted it with gladdened eyes and thankful heart as he beheld it floating from the mast. It is the same banner

that waved over that noble band of patriots that won our independence, led on by the immortal Washington. Its flaming folds hurled back defiance from the ramparts at New Orleans and flaunted in the face of invaders. On the heights of Chapultepec and towers of New Mexico it floated proudly as the token of victory and the evidence of success. From the walls of Sumter it proclaimed unflinching war with secession and unyielding strife with disunion. During the long and wearisome marches through the States in rebellion it gladdened the eyes and nerved the hand of the weary Union soldier and proclaimed freedom to the oppressed. On a hundred battlefields it cheered the heart of the dying patriot as he beheld it borne on in triumph amidst the shouts of victory. All hail! proud old banner of the free. No ruthless hand shall despoil thee; no dark cloud of treason shall ever dim thy lustre. Float on in the breeze; you shall be preserved and cherished, amid all the vicissitudes of the future, as the emblem of liberty."

The outrages in the State of Louisiana met with General Logan's severe condemnation, and he earnestly defended President Grant and General Sheridan, who had been denounced for their action against the "White Leagues." "Why," he asked, “are Democratic Senators quiet? Men cannot say, either here or elsewhere, that these wrongs are perpetrated by Republicans. You,

gentlemen, sit silent here; and your silence and your acquiescence and your defense of every wrong that is perpetrated upon the unfortunate man, poor though he may be, colored though he may be, indicate what there is in your hearts.'

General Logan's first term as Senator expired in 1877, and he was unanimously nominated by the Republicans of the Illinois Legislature for reelection, but that party lacked three votes of a majority, and, after a long contest, Judge David Davis was elected by the combined votes of the Democrats and Independents.

CHAPTER XIV.

RETURN TO THE SENATE-REPUBLICAN CONVENTION.

N 1879, the Republicans of Illinois had again

I

a majority in the Legislature, and elected

General Logan to the Senate to succeed Governor Oglesby. He took his seat on the 16th of March, and at once recommenced his exertions for securing arrears of pensions to the Union veterans of the late war, which he had passed several times in the Senate to see it fall into some of the legislative traps of the House. In a long debate on the Army Appropriation bill, General Logan gave a clear analysis of the relations of the military force to the civil power of the Government, and exposed the arrogant attempts of the Democratic party to control the Government. "The Republicans," he told the Democratic Senators, "will not relinquish any of those advanced principles which have inured to the Government and the people through the sufferings of the war. They will never abandon the principles enunciated in the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution. They will never permit a modification of the rights of the four million blacks of the South.

They, after having been liberated from slavery and elevated to the full rights of citizenship, shall not be remanded to a condition as bad or worse. than serfdom or peonage. They will never, never quietly permit, sir, the elective franchise, upon the purity of which rests our whole political structure, to be dispensed at the hands of hired ruffians and paid assassins."

General Logan attended the National Republican Convention at Chicago, in 1880, to advocate the nomination of General Grant, believing that he could carry several Southern States and thus overthrow "the Solid South." The Chicago Fournal said of him: "He is a stalwart Grant man, standing by his great commander now with the same chivalric spirit which prevented him from assuming command of Thomas' army on the eve of victory, as he could have done under his instructions." How nobly he carried out the promise of that letter! When Garfield received a majority of the votes at the Chicago Convention it was Logan who so warmly and fervently seconded the motion to make the vote for him unanimous, and who was the first to promise that he, with the Garfield men, would "go forward in this contest, not with tied hands, not with sealed lips, not with bridled tongues, but to speak the truth in favor of the grandest party that has ever been organized in this country; to maintain its principles, to maintain its power, to preserve its ascendency."