See M'CULLOCH's Geographical Dictionary. Art. "British Empire."

M'CULLOCH'S Political Economy. Passim.

NOTE. This question turns upon the comparative value of a Great Doer and a Great Thinker; and lies between the utility of Mechanics and Morals: of Physics and Metaphysics. It is the belief of many of the chief writers of the day, that our age is too mechanical, and needs to be spiritualised : this debate will open that question.

5. Which was the greater Orator, Demosthenes or

Cicero ?

See LORD BROUGHAM'S Essay on the Eloquence of the Ancients. Collected Speeches, vol. iv. Edinburgh Review, vol. xxviii. p. 60.

NOTE.-The discussion of this question must include references to style, aim, and effect: artistical, mental, and moral power.

6. Which is the more despicable Character, the Hypocrite or the Liar?

See LORD BACON's Essay on Truth.

TILLOTSON, on the Advantages of Truth and Sincerity.
BISHOP HALL. Character of the Hypocrite.

CARLYLE'S Miscellanies. Cagliostro.

MARTIN CHUZZLEWIT.

Character of Pecksniff.

7. Has the Fear of Punishment, or the Hope of Reward, the greater Influence on Human Conduct?

See ADAM SMITH's Theory of the Moral Sentiments.

MILL on the Human Mind.

BENTHAM'S Springs of Action.

DUGALD STEWART on the Mind.

BENTHAM'S Rationale of Reward and Punishment.

NOTE.This question involves considerations of great importance. It has to do with Education, Government, and Religion. The fear of punishment is the principle usually supposed to influence us, and upon this principle, for the most part, education, laws, and religious instruction are founded: but many of the wisest men are beginning to doubt this system.

8. Is Corporal Punishment justifiable?

See EDGEWORTH'S Practical Education.

WILDERSPIN'S Education of the Young.

MARSHALL'S Military Miscellany.

HANSARD, "Debates on Flogging in the Army."
Edinburgh Review, vol. xii. p. 420.

SYDNEY TAYLOR's Works, p. 195.

9. Was Brutus justified in killing Cæsar?

See the Speech of Brutus in Shakspere's Julius Cæsar, Act III. Scene 2.

SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH'S Works, vol. iii. p. 274., vol. ii. pp. 318-325.

HUME'S Essays, vol. i. pp. 471., &e.

NOTE. This question must be tried by the morals of the time when the act took place, and not by the present standard of morality. It is quite necessary to make this distinction.

10. Should Emulation be encouraged in Education?

See EDGEWORTH'S Practical Education.

GODWIN'S Reflections on Education.

COWPER'S Tirocinium.

ADAM SMITH'S Theory of the Moral Sentiments. COLERIDGE'S Lines, entitled, "Love, Hope, and Patience in Education."

HOBBES on Envy and Emulation.

SYDNEY SMITH's Works, vol. i. pp. 221-231.

NOTE.The system of prize-giving in education has supporters and opponents, both so determined, that a discussion upon the subject cannot fail to be interesting and instructive. Philosophy and experience should both be referred to in the

debate.

11. Which was the greater Poet, Milton or Homer? See COLERIDGE on the Greek Poets.

CHANNING on Milton.

BLAIR'S Lectures.

CAMPBELL on Milton.

ROBERT HALL on Poetic Genius.
THIRLWALL'S Greece, vol. i. p. 24.
MACAULAY'S Essays, vol. i. pp. 1–32.

BRANDE'S Dictionary of Science, Literature, and Art.

66

Epic Poetry;" and the authorities there quoted.

NOTE.-This debate will turn upon the facts that Homer is the more real, life-like, and human poet, whilst Milton is the

more imaginative, sublime, and spiritual: the decision must depend upon which are the nobler qualities.

12. Is Military Renown a fit Object of Ambition?

See CHANNING's Essay on War.

CHANNING on Napoleon Bonaparte.
Childe Harold, Canto I. War.

ROBERT MONTGOMERY'S Picture of War.
ROBERT HALL on the Miseries of War.

13. Is Ambition a Vice or a Virtue?

See HUGHES'S Essay on Ambition in the "Guardian."
LORD BACON'S Essay on Ambition.

WOLSEY'S Advice to Cromwell. Play of Henry VIII.
Paradise Lost. Satan's Address to the Sun.

ADAM SMITH on Misdirected Ambition.

BISHOP WATSON's Sermons to Young Persons.
M'CULLOCH'S Political Economy, pp. 527-530.

14. Has Novel-reading a Moral Tendency?

See SIR W. SCOTT's Criticism on Novels and Romances.
SCOTT's Treatise on Romance.

The Edinburgh Review, vol. xxiv. pp. 320, &c.
AKENSIDE'S Pleasures of Imagination.

LORD JEFFREY's Essays, vol. iii. p. 440.

vol. iv. p. 517.

GOLDSMITH'S Citizen of the World, Letter LIII.

NOTE.It may seem that this question barely admits of discussion, for moral novels must, of course, have a moral tendency:

but at least the debate may serve to lead the debaters to a proper selection of novels.

15. Is the Character of Queen Elizabeth deserving of our Admiration?

See HUME's History of England.

LUCY AIKIN's Memoirs of Elizabeth.

SIR W. SCOTT's Kenilworth-for a faithful Portraiture of Elizabeth.

MISS STRICKLAND'S Queens of England.

SHARON TURNER'S History of Elizabeth's Reign.

SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH'S Works, vol. iii. pp. 282-284.
MACAULAY'S Critical Essays, vol. ii. pp. 1-34.

16. Is England rising or falling as a Nation?

See BACON'S Essay on States: and his Essay on the Greatness of Kingdoms.

SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH'S Works, vol. iii. pp. 500, 501.
Edinburgh Review, vol. xxi. pp. 22. et seq.

McCULLOCH's Statistics of the British Empire.

Compare the Elements of Modern with the Elements of Ancient Prosperity.

17. Has Nature or Education the greater Influence in the Formation of Character?

See LOCKE's Thoughts on Education.

COMBE'S Constitution of Man.

GODWIN on Education.

EDGEWORTH on Education.

WATTS on the Mind.

AIMÉ MARTIN on Education.

LORD JEFFREY's Essays, vol. i. p. 138.