years before the Revolution, tested successfully, I to all alike, as the Spartans served their food as far as they were concerned, the principle upon the public table. Here young Ambition ! of self-government, and solved the problem, climbs his little ladder, and boyish Genius plumes whether law and order can co-exist with liberty. his half fledged wing. From among these laughBut let us not forget that they were wise and ing children will go forth the men who are to good men who made the noble experiment, and control the destinies of their age and country; that it may yet fail in our hands, unless we imi- the statesman whose wisdom is to guide the tate their patriotism and virtues.

Senate—the poet who will take captive the There are some who find fault with the char- hearts of the people and bind them together acter of the pilgrims-who love not the sim- with immortal song—the philosopher who, plicity of their manners, nor the austerity of boldly seizing upon the elements themselves, their lives. They were men, and of course im- will compel them to his wishes, and, through perfect; but the world may well be challenged new combinations of their primal laws, by some to point out in the whole course of history, men great discovery, revolutionize both art and of purer purpose or braver action—men who science. have exercised a more beneficial influence upon The common village school is New England's the destinies of the human race, or left behind fairest boast—the brightest jewel that adorns them more enduring memorials of their ex- her brow. The principle that scciety is bound istence.

to provide for its members' education as well as At all events, it is not for the sons of New protection, so that none need be ignorant exEngland to search for the faults of their ances-cept from choice, is the most important that betors. We gaze with profound veneration upon longs to modern philosophy. It is essential to their awful shades; we feel a grateful pride in a republican government. Universal education the country they colonized, in the institutions is not only the best and surest, but the only sure they founded, in the example they bequeathed. foundation for free institutions. True liberty is We exult in our birth-place and in our lineage. the child of knowledge; she pines away and

Who would not rather be of the pilgrim dies in the arms of ignorance. stock than claim descent from the proudest Honor, then, to the early fathers of New EngNorman that ever planted his robber blood in land, from whom came the spirit which has the halls of the Saxon, or the noblest paladin built a schoolhouse by every sparkling fountain, that quaffed wine at the table of Charlemagne ? and bids all come as freely to the one as to the Well may we be proud of our native land, and other. All honor, too, to this noble city, who turn with fond affection to its rocky shores. has not disdained to follow the example of her The spirit of the pilgrims still pervades it, and northern sisters, but has wisely determined that directs its fortunes. Behold the thousand tem- the intellectual thirst of her children deserves ples of the Most High, that nestle in its happy as much attention as their physical, and that it valleys and crown its swelling hills. See how is as much her duty to provide the means of their glittering spires pierce the blue sky, and assuaging the one as of quenching the other. seem like so many celestial conductors, ready But the spirit of the pilgrims survives, not to avert the lightning of an angry heaven. only in the knowledge and piety of their sons, The piety of the pilgrim patriarchs is not yet but, most of all, in their indefatigable enterprise extinct, nor have the sons forgotten the God of and indomitable perseverance, their fathers.

They have wrestled with nature till they Behold yon simple building near the crossing have prevailed against her, and compelled her of the village road! It is small and of rude reluctantly to reverse her own laws. The sterile construction, but stands in a pleasant and quiet soil has become productive under their sagaspot. A magnificent old elm spreads its broad cious culture, and the barren rock, astonished, arms above and seems to lean towards it, as a finds itself covered with luxuriant and unaccusstrong man bends to shelter and protect a child. tomed verdure. A brook runs through the meadow near, and Upon the banks of every river they build hard by there is an orchard-but the trees have temples to industry, and stop the squanderings suffered much and bear no fruit, except upon of the spendthrift waters. They bind the naïades the most remote and inaccessible branches. From of the brawling stream. They drive the drywithin its walls comes a busy hum, such as you ades from their accustomed haunts, and force may hear in a disturbed bee-hive. Now peep them to desert each favorite grove; for upon through yonder window and you will see a river, creek and bay they are busy transformhundred children, with rosy cheeks, mischievous ing the crude forest into stanch and gallant eyes and demure faces, all engaged, or pretend- vessels. From every inlet or indenture along ing to be so, in their little lessons. It is the the rocky shore swim forth these ocean birds public school—the free, the common school-born in the wild wood, fledged upon the wave. provided by law: open to all: claimed from the Behold how they spread their white pinions to community as a right, not accepted as a bounty. the favoring breeze, and wing their flight to Here the children of the rich and poor, high every quarter of the globe-the carrier pigeons and w, meet upon perfect equality, and com- of the world! It is upon the unstable element mence under the same anspices the race of life. the sons of New England have achieved their Here the sustenance of tho mind is served up I greatest triumphs. Their adventurous prows

seas.

vex the waters of every sea. Bold and restless | State of the broad Republic. In the East, the as the old Northern Vikings, they go forth to South, and the unbounded West, their blood seek their fortunes in the mighty deep. The mingles freely with every kindred current. We ocean is their pasture, and over its wide prairies have but changed our chamber in the paternal they follow the monstrous herds that feed upon mansion; in all its rooms we are at home, and its azure fields. As the hunter casts his lasso all who inhabit it are our brothers. To us the upon the wild horse, so they throw their lines Union has but one domestic hearth; its houseupon the tumbling whale. They "draw out hold gods are all the same. Upon us, then, peLeviathan with a hook.” They "fill his skin culiarly devolves the duty of feeding the fires with barbed irons,” and in spite of his terrible upon that kindly hearth; of guarding with pious strength they “part him among the merchants.” care those sacred household gods. To them there are no pillars of Hercules. They We cannot do with less than the whole seek with avidity new regions, and fear not to Union; to us it admits of no division. In the be “the first that ever burst" into unknown veins of our children flows northern and south

Had they been the companions of Colum- ern blood; how shall it be separated; who shall bus, the great mariner would not have been put asunder the best affections of the heart, the urged to return, though he had sailed westward noblest instincts of our nature? We love the to his dying day.

land of our adoption, so do we that of our birth. Glorious New England! thou art still true to Let us ever be true to both; and always exert thy ancient fame and worthy of thy ancestral hon- ourselves in maintaining the unity of our counors. We, thy children, have assembled in this try, the integrity of the Republic. far-distant land to celebrate thy birth-day. A

Accursed, then, be the hand put forth to thousand fond associations throng upon us, rous- loosen the golden cord of Union; thrice aced by the spirit of the hour. On thy pleasant cursed the traitorous lips, whether of northvalleys rest, like sweet dews of morning, the ern fanatic or southern demagogue, which shall gentle recollections of our early life; around propose its severance. But no! the Union canthy hills and monntains cling, like gathering not be dissolved; its fortunes are too brilliant mists, the mighty memories of the Revolution; to be marred; its destinies too powerful to be and far away in the horizon of thy past gleam, resisted. Here will be their greatest triumph, like thine own Northern Lights, the awful vir- their most mighty development. And when, a tues of our Pilgrim Sires! But while we devote century hence, this Crescent City shall have this day to the remembrance of our native land, filled her golden horns; wben, within her broadwe forget not that in which our happy lot is armed port shall be gathered the products of cast. We exult in the reflection that though the industry of a hundred millions of freemen; we count by thousands the miles which sepa- when galleries of art and halls of learning shall rate us from our birth-place, still our country have made classic this mart of trade; then is the same.

We are no exiles meeting upon may the sons of the Pilgrims, still wandering the banks of a foreign river, to swell its waters from the bleak hills of the north, stand upon with our home-sick tears. Here floats the same the banks of the great river, and exclaim with banner which rustled above our boyish heads, mingled pride and wonder, Lo! this is our counexcept that its mighty folds are wider and its try: when did the world 'ever witness so rich glittering stars increased in number.

and magnificent a city-so great and glorious The sons of New England are found in every | a Republic!

INDEX.

А

455; as President, 456; notices of, 54, 247, 281, 360, 386

436,
"A Countryman,” De Witt Clinton's essays ander the ADAMS, JOHN, SENIOR, I. 319.
signature of, i. 565.

ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY, birth and ancestors; education; goes
ADAIR, JAMES, bis literary productions and character, i.

to Europe, ii. 247; University of Leyden ; visits Russia
263.

and England, 247; Jefferson's opinion of; letter from
ADAMS, ABIGAIL, mother of John Quincy Adams, il. 247. John Adams to Benjamin Waterhouse ; return to Amer.
Adams, CHARLES, ii. 247.

ica; enters Harvard University; studies law with The-
ADAMS, JOIN, birth and parentage of; graduates at Harvard opbilus Parsons, 248; his practice; contributes to the

College; teaches school in Worcester, Mass.; his opinion Boston Centinel; “Publicola ; " "Marcellus;" appoint-
of school-keeping; commences the study of law; enters ed on a mission to the Netherlands, &c.; return to
on practice in Braintree; death of his father; his mar- America; elected to Congress; the mission to Russia;
riage; Stamp Act; deputed to appear as the counsel of

treaty of Ghent, 249; appointed Secretary of State; his
Boston, to urge the opening of the courts, i. 232; dis- career; elected President of the United States, 249; ro-
sertations on the Canon and Feudal law; removes to election to Congress; his character; his literary produc-
Boston; labors of his profession; defence of the sol. tions, 250; his “Poems of Religion and Society;" his
diers; ill health; returns to Braintree; contributions death, 250; oration at Plymouth, 1802; character of La-
to the Massachusetts Gazette; arrival of General Gage; fayette, 257; tribute to the memory of James Madison,
refusal of General Gage to admit him to a seat in the i. 126; address before the Massachusetts Charitable Fire
Governor's council; elected to the Congress of 1774, Society, 552; remarks in the case of John Smith, ii.
233; chosen commissioner to France; sails for Europe; 147; notice of, 541.
his return; appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to ne- ADAMS, SAMUEL, notices of, l. 2, 225, 296; birth; Master
gotiate a treaty of peace with Great Britain; his ser- Lovell's school; Harvard College; preparation for the
vices in Europe; appointed to negotiate a loan, and a ministry; college Thesis ; "Englishmen's rights;” lit-
treaty with Holland; the treaty of peace; appointed erary discipline; character; public duties, 819; enters
first minister to England; returns to America; elected political life; "the Father of the Revolution;” pre-
Vice-president of the United States ; elected President; pares instructions of the town of Boston; tho opinion of
his appearance on the day of his inauguration, 234; re- the loyalists, of the Stamp Act difficulties; chosen to
tirement; chosen President of the Massachusetts Con- the Massachusetts legislature; his zeal for freedom;
vention for the revision of the constitution; his death, death of Charles Townsend, and inauguration of Lord
285.

North; election to the Continental Congress; the cir-
Speech in defence of the British soldiers, 1770, 235; cular letter, 820; eloquence of; his writings; specimen
the distinction between murder and manslaughter, 241; of his eloquence; anecdote of a rejoinder to Mather
Inaugural address, 1797; Batavian and Helvetic confed- Byles; popularity of; General Gago's overtures; ac-
eracies, 248; tribute to Washington, 249; his summary count of his reply to General Gage, 321; his manuscripts,
of Otis's speech on Writs of Assistance, 6; tenders the 821 ; Congress of 1774 suggested by him; chosen secre-
chief-justiceship to John Jay, 158; at Amsterdam, 156; tary of Massachusetts ; Gage's proclamation; Declara-
notice of John Hancock's oration on the Boston massa- tion of Independence; bis oration; the American army;
cre; account of a conversation between, and Samuel the overtures of the British commissioners; instructions
Adams, relative to John Hancock, 225; difference with to the committee of Congress, appointed to confer with
the Count do Vergennes, 301; anecdote of, 482; speech the commissioners; the "smallest" but "truest” Con-
to the Congress on French aggressions; answer to, 491; gress, 322; treaty of peace; returns to Boston; elected
notice of, 120, 296, 832, 350, 556; desirous of peace with governor; his old age; his religion; personal appear.
France, ii. 9; in England, 1785, 41; journal of, quotod, ance of; his character, and death, 823; Sullivan's sketch
134; John Randolph's definition of the republicanism of the life of, 828.
of, 185; William Wirt's discourse on the life and char- Oration on American Independence, 824; England "a
acter of, 438; letter from Worcester, 1755, 416; in the nation of shopkeepers;" debaucheries of Caligula, Nero,
Continental Congress, 1774, 448; character of, by Wil- and Charles ; expedition against Carthagena; treaty of
liam Wirt, 450, 452; at the Hague, 454; "defence of the Utrecht, 823; natural freedom of man, 826; the su-
American Constitutions," 455; discourses on Davila, premacy of Great Britain and liberty of America incom.
patible, 827; method of acquiring eminence in mon- resentatives disapproving the trial and execution of,
archies, 328; benefits of independence; natural capa- ii. 278.
bilities of America; productions; duty to posterity, Arkansas, the number of slaves in 1804 in, il. 46.
329, 330.

Army, increase of the; John Randolph's speech on, il. 181;
Addresses ; from the colonies to Great Britain, 1. 48; to the John C. Calhoun's speech on, 475.

inhabitants of Great Britain, by John Jay, 152; to the Army and Naoy, James A. Bayard's remarks on the, il. 91
people of Great Britain, 159.

Army Bill, the new; Henry Clay's speech on the, il. 264.
AGAZZIS, Louis, ii. 180.

ARMSTRONG, MR., i. 532.
Albany Confederacy, i. 87.

ARNOLD, BENEDICT, invasion of Virginia, ii. 8; expedition
Albany, Burgoyne approaches, i. 154.

to Quebec, 144.
ALEXANDER, JAMES, biographical sketch of, 1. 82; origin of Ashburton Treaty, il. 860.
William Livingston's difficulty with, 83.

Athens, N. Y., death of Samuel Dexter at, ii. 289.
Alien Bill, Edward Livingston's speech on the, il. 220. ATTALUS, compared with Washington, 1. 554.
ALLEN, Joux, commandant of the fort at Machias, Maine, ATTUCKB, CHRISPUS, 1. 60.
ii. 181.

AUCKLAND, LORD, II. 84.
ALLEN, Mr., testimony in the trial of J. F. Knapp, ii. 406. Augmentation of Military Force, Henry Clay's speech on,
Alliance Medal, see Sir William Jones.

il. 260.
ALSTON, WASHINGTON, ii. 335.

AUSTIN, CHARLES, murder of, ii. 289.
AMBLER, Miss, wife of Chief Justice Marshall, 11. 8.

Authorship, the rewards of, in America, il. 427,
AMBRISTER, ROBERT C., resolutions of the House of Repre-
sentatives disapproving the trial and execution of, ii.

B
278.
America, the late regulations respecting the British colo- BACON, LEONARD, D.D., his sketch of the life of James Hir.