to all alike, as the Spartans served their food upon the public table. Here young Ambition climbs his little ladder, and boyish Genius plumes his half fledged wing. From among these laughing children will go forth the men who are to control the destinies of their age and country; the statesman whose wisdom is to guide the Senate the poet who will take captive the years before the Revolution, tested successfully, as far as they were concerned, the principle of self-government, and solved the problem, whether law and order can co-exist with liberty. But let us not forget that they were wise and good men who made the noble experiment, and that it may yet fail in our hands, unless we imitate their patriotism and virtues. There are some who find fault with the char-hearts of the people and bind them together acter of the pilgrims-who love not the simplicity of their manners, nor the austerity of their lives. They were men, and of course imperfect; but the world may well be challenged to point out in the whole course of history, men of purer purpose or braver action-men who have exercised a more beneficial influence upon the destinies of the human race, or left behind them more enduring memorials of their existence. At all events, it is not for the sons of New England to search for the faults of their ancestors. We gaze with profound veneration upon their awful shades; we feel a grateful pride in the country they colonized, in the institutions they founded, in the example they bequeathed. We exult in our birth-place and in our lineage. Who would not rather be of the pilgrim stock than claim descent from the proudest Norman that ever planted his robber blood in the halls of the Saxon, or the noblest paladin that quaffed wine at the table of Charlemagne ? Well may we be proud of our native land, and turn with fond affection to its rocky shores. The spirit of the pilgrims still pervades it, and directs its fortunes. Behold the thousand temples of the Most High, that nestle in its happ valleys and crown its swelling hills. See how their glittering spires pierce the blue sky, and seem like so many celestial conductors, ready to avert the lightning of an angry heaven. The piety of the pilgrim patriarchs is not yet extinct, nor have the sons forgotten the God of their fathers. with immortal song-the philosopher who, boldly seizing upon the elements themselves, will compel them to his wishes, and, through new combinations of their primal laws, by some great discovery, revolutionize both art and science. The common village school is New England's fairest boast-the brightest jewel that adorns her brow. The principle that society is bound to provide for its members' education as well as protection, so that none need be ignorant except from choice, is the most important that belongs to modern philosophy. It is essential to a republican government. Universal education is not only the best and surest, but the only sure foundation for free institutions. True liberty is the child of knowledge; she pines away and dies in the arms of ignorance. Honor, then, to the early fathers of New England, from whom came the spirit which has built a schoolhouse by every sparkling fountain, and bids all come as freely to the one as to the other. All honor, too, to this noble city, who has not disdained to follow the example of her northern sisters, but has wisely determined that the intellectual thirst of her children deserves as much attention as their physical, and that it is as much her duty to provide the means of assuaging the one as of quenching the other. But the spirit of the pilgrims survives, not only in the knowledge and piety of their sons, but, most of all, in their indefatigable enterprise and indomitable perseverance. They have wrestled with nature till they have prevailed against her, and compelled her reluctantly to reverse her own laws. The sterile soil has become productive under their sagacious culture, and the barren rock, astonished, finds itself covered with luxuriant and unaccustomed verdure. Behold yon simple building near the crossing of the village road! It is small and of rude construction, but stands in a pleasant and quiet spot. A magnificent old elm spreads its broad arms above and seems to lean towards it, as a strong man bends to shelter and protect a child. A brook runs through the meadow near, and Upon the banks of every river they build hard by there is an orchard-but the trees have temples to industry, and stop the squanderings suffered much and bear no fruit, except upon of the spendthrift waters. They bind the naïades the most remote and inaccessible branches. From of the brawling stream. They drive the drywithin its walls comes a busy hum, such as you ades from their accustomed haunts, and force may hear in a disturbed bee-hive. Now peep them to desert each favorite grove; for upon through yonder window and you will see a river, creek and bay they are busy transformhundred children, with rosy cheeks, mischievous ing the crude forest into stanch and gallant eyes and demure faces, all engaged, or pretend- vessels. From every inlet or indenture along ing to be so, in their little lessons. It is the the rocky shore swim forth these ocean birdspublic school-the free, the common school-born in the wild wood, fledged upon the wave. provided by law: open to all: claimed from the community as a right, not accepted as a bounty. Here the children of the rich and poor, high and low, meet upon perfect equality, and commence under the same auspices the race of life. Here the sustenance of the mind is served up Behold how they spread their white pinions to the favoring breeze, and wing their flight to every quarter of the globe-the carrier pigeons of the world! It is upon the unstable element the sons of New England have achieved their greatest triumphs. Their adventurous prows Bold and restless | State of the broad Republic. In the East, the South, and the unbounded West, their blood mingles freely with every kindred current. We have but changed our chamber in the paternal mansion; in all its rooms we are at home, and all who inhabit it are our brothers. To us the Union has but one domestic hearth; its household gods are all the same. Upon us, then, peculiarly devolves the duty of feeding the fires upon that kindly hearth; of guarding with pious care those sacred household gods. vex the waters of every sea. as the old Northern Vikings, they go forth to seek their fortunes in the mighty deep. The ocean is their pasture, and over its wide prairies they follow the monstrous herds that feed upon its azure fields. As the hunter casts his lasso upon the wild horse, so they throw their lines upon the tumbling whale. They "draw out Leviathan with a hook." They "fill his skin | with barbed irons," and in spite of his terrible strength they "part him among the merchants." To them there are no pillars of Hercules. They seek with avidity new regions, and fear not to be "the first that ever burst" into unknown seas. Had they been the companions of Columbus, the great mariner would not have been urged to return, though he had sailed westward to his dying day. Glorious New England! thou art still true to thy ancient fame and worthy of thy ancestral honors. We, thy children, have assembled in this far-distant land to celebrate thy birth-day. A thousand fond associations throng upon us, roused by the spirit of the hour. On thy pleasant valleys rest, like sweet dews of morning, the gentle recollections of our early life; around thy hills and mountains cling, like gathering mists, the mighty memories of the Revolution; and far away in the horizon of thy past gleam, like thine own Northern Lights, the awful virtues of our Pilgrim Sires! But while we devote this day to the remembrance of our native land, we forget not that in which our happy lot is cast. We exult in the reflection that though we count by thousands the miles which separate us from our birth-place, still our country is the same. We are no exiles meeting upon the banks of a foreign river, to swell its waters with our home-sick tears. Here floats the same banner which rustled above our boyish heads, except that its mighty folds are wider and its glittering stars increased in number. The sons of New England are found in every We cannot do with less than the whole Union; to us it admits of no division. In the veins of our children flows northern and southern blood; how shall it be separated; who shall put asunder the best affections of the heart, the noblest instincts of our nature? We love the land of our adoption, so do we that of our birth. Let us ever be true to both; and always exert ourselves in maintaining the unity of our country, the integrity of the Republic. Accursed, then, be the hand put forth to loosen the golden cord of Union; thrice accursed the traitorous lips, whether of northern fanatic or southern demagogue, which shall propose its severance. But no! the Union cannot be dissolved; its fortunes are too brilliant to be marred; its destinies too powerful to be resisted. Here will be their greatest triumph, their most mighty development. And when, a century hence, this Crescent City shall have filled her golden horns; when, within her broadarmed port shall be gathered the products of the industry of a hundred millions of freemen; when galleries of art and halls of learning shall have made classic this mart of trade; then may the sons of the Pilgrims, still wandering from the bleak hills of the north, stand upon the banks of the great river, and exclaim with mingled pride and wonder, Lo! this is our country: when did the world ever witness so rich and magnificent a city-so great and glorious a Republic! INDEX. A "A Countryman," De Witt Clinton's essays under the ADAIR, JAMES, his literary productions and character, i. ADAMS, ABIGAIL, mother of John Quincy Adams, ii. 247. ADAMS, JOHN, birth and parentage of; graduates at Harvard Speech in defence of the British soldiers, 1770, 235; 455; as President, 456; notices of, 54, 247, 281, 360, 386 ADAMS, JOHN, SENIOR, i. 319. ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY, birth and ancestors; education; goes ADams, Samuel, notices of, 1. 2, 225, 296; birth; Master Oration on American Independence, 824; England "a patible, 827; method of acquiring eminence in mon- Addresses; from the colonies to Great Britain, 1. 48; to the AGAZZIS, LOUIS, ii. 180. Albany Confederacy, i. 87. Albany, Burgoyne approaches, i. 154. resentatives disapproving the trial and execution of, Arkansas, the number of slaves in 1804 in, il. 46. Army and Navy, James A. Bayard's remarks on the, ii. 91 ARNOLD, BENEDICT, invasion of Virginia, ii. 8; expedition ALEXANDER, JAMES, biographical sketch of, i. 82; origin of Ashburton Treaty, ii. 360. Alien Bill, Edward Livingston's speech on the, ii. 220. ALLEN, MR., testimony in the trial of J. F. Knapp, ii. 406. AMBLER, MISS, wife of Chief Justice Marshall, ii. 8. America, the late regulations respecting the British colo- American Annual Register, i. 528; ii. 85. American Army, rules and regulations of, adopted, i. 152. American Colonies, vindication of, by James Wilson, i. 68. American Indians, The, ii. 488. Athens, N. Y., death of Samuel Dexter at, ii. 239. AUCKLAND, LORD, ii. 84. Augmentation of Military Force, Henry Clay's speech on, AUSTIN, CHARLES, murder of, li. 289. B BACON, LEONARD, D. D., his sketch of the life of James Hiy- BALCH, MR.-See Knapp's trial. BALL, MARY, the mother of Washington, i. 251. Baltimore, Md., General Henry Lee injured in a riotat, BANCROFT, GEORGE, manuscripts of Samuel Adams in the American Navigation Act, Rufus King's speech on the, Bank of North America, established, i. 185. American Quarterly Review, quoted, i. 83. American Revolution, songs and ballads of the, i. 275; the AMES, FISHER, birth and parentage of; early education; en- AMES, LEVI, i. 552. AMES, NATHANIEL, i. 91. AMHERST, SIR Jeffrey, ii. 857. Analectic, i. 400; ii. 53, 55. "Ancient Dominion," origin of the term of, i. 40. Apportionment Bill, John Randolph's remarks in the de- ARBUTHNOT, ALEXANDER, resolutions of the House of Rep- Bank of Pennsylvania, i. 185. Bank of the United States, John Randolph opposes the BAPTISTS in Virginia, persecution of, i. 125. BARBAULD, Mrs., ii. 428. BARBER, FRANCIS, tutor of Alexander Hamilton, i. 183. BARLOW, JOEL, ii. 841, 850. BARRE, COL., speech of, on the stamp act, ii. 876. ii. 130. BARTLETT, JOSIAH, i. 296. Batavian Confederacy, i. 248. BAYARD, Dr. JAMES A., father of James A. Bayard, ii. 52. death of his father; joins the family of his uncle, ii. 52. ; enters Speech on the Judiciary; reference to the remarks of |