for the examination of applicants, and if he shows that he has studied and practiced the trade for three (3) years as an apprentice under one or more practicing barbers, or for at least three (3) years in a properly appointed and conducted barber school under the instructions of a competent barber, or practiced the trade for at least three (3) years in this State or other states, and that he is possessed of the requisite skill in such trade to properly perform all the duties thereof, including his ability in the preparation of the tools, shaving, hair cutting and all the duties and services incident thereto, and has sufficient knowledge concerning the common diseases of the face and skin to avoid the aggravation and spreading thereof in the practice of said trade, his name shall be entered by the board in the register hereafter provided for, and a certificate of registration shall be issued to him authorizing him to practice said trade in this State. All persons making application for examination under the provisions of this act shall be allowed to practice the occupation of barbering until the next meeting of the board, and the board shall issue a permit authorizing him to practice said trade until the next meeting of the board. SEC. 8. Nothing in this act shall prohibit any person from serv- Apprentices ing as an apprentice in said trade under a barber authorized to and students. practice the same under this act, or from serving as a student in any barber school for the training of students in such trade under the training of a qualified barber: Provided, That such apprentice or student shall apply to said board to have his name registered with said board in a book which shall be kept by the board for the registering of apprentices and students and secure a permit to practice as an apprentice or student under the instructions of a qualified barber. After having practiced the trade for three (3) years under a qualified barber such apprentice or student shall be eligible to become a registered barber and present himself at the next meeting of the board held nearest to him for the examination of applicants, and pay the fee of three (3) dollars for examination, as provided in section 7. SEC. 9. Said board shall furnish to each person to whom a certificate of registration is issued, a card or an insignia bearing the seal of the board and the signature of its president and secretary, certifying that the holder thereof is entitled to practice the occupation of barber in this State, and it shall be the duty of the holder of such card or insignia to post the same in a conspicuous place in front of his working chair where it may readily be seen by all persons whom he may serve. Said card or insignia shall be renewed on or before the first day of July in each year, and the holder of said certificate of registration shall pay to the treasurer of said board the sum of one (1) dollar for said renewal card or insignia. Upon failure of any holder of a certificate of registration to apply for a renewal of his card or insignia on or before the first day of July in each year, his said certificate of registration may be revoked by said board, subject to the provisions of section 11 of this act. SEC. 10. Said board shall keep a register in which shall be entered the names of all persons to whom certificates are issued under this act, and said register shall be at all times open to public inspection. Cards. Register. Rules for SEC. 11. Said board shall be authorized to adopt reasonable rules providing for the sanitary regulation of barber shops, sub- sanitation. ject to the approval of the state board of health, and shall have the power to enter any barber shop during business hours for the purpose of inspection of such shops. If any shop be found in an unsanitary condition, or if any barber working therein has been charged with imparting any contagious or infectious disease, the board shall immediately notify the health officer thereof, and such shop shall be quarantined and the barber so charged shall not practice his occupation until such quarantine shall be removed by the health officers. Said board shall have the power to 39387°-Bull. 148-14- -9 Definition. Violations. revoke any certificate of registration granted by it under this act, for conviction of crime, habitual drunkenness for six months immediately before a charge duly made, gross incompetency, failure to comply with the sanitary rules approved by the state board of health or for having imparted any contagious or infectious disease: Provided, That before any certificate shall be so revoked, the holder thereof shall have notice in writing of the charge or charges against him, and at a day specified in said notice at least five (5) days after the service [of] notice thereof, be given a public hearing and be given an opportunity to present testimony in his behalf, and to confront the witnesses against him. Any person whose certificate has been revoked, may after the expiration of ninety (90) days apply to have his certificate regranted, and the same shall be regranted to him upon his giving satisfactory proof that his disqualification has ceased to exist. SEC. 12. To shave or trim the beard or cut the hair of any person for hire by the person performing such service or any other person, shall be construed as practicing the occupation of barber within the meaning of this act. SEC. 13. Any person practicing the occupation of barber in this State without having obtained a certificate of registration, as provided by this act, or willfully employing a barber who has not such a certificate or falsely pretending to be qualified to practice such occupation under this act, or violating any of the provisions of this act, is guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not less than ten (10) dollars nor more than one hundred dollars ($100) or by imprisonment in the county jail not less than ten (10) days nor more than ninety (90) days. The laws are usually of uniform application throughout the State. The law of Delaware, however, applies only to the city of Wilmington, that of Missouri to cities, towns, and villages having a population of 5,000 or more; while that of Rhode Island applies only to cities and to such towns as adopt its provisions by action of the town council. The principal features of the laws of the various States are noted under the following heads. Examiners.-State boards of examiners are provided for in every State, the appointment to be made by the governor. In Maryland local boards, and in Michigan, deputies, may be appointed by the State board. In Kansas, Michigan and Missouri the State Board of Health passes on the qualifications of the members of the board of examiners, while in Delaware they are selected by the barbers of the City of Wilmington before appointment by the governor. Examinations.-The most usual provision is for at least four examinations per year in as many localities in the State, times and places and additional examinations being within the discretion of the board. Only one examination per year is required by the law of Delaware, and ten by the law of Wisconsin, while in Maryland examinations are to be held at such times and places as the State board determines. Fees. The fee for examination is $5 in most instances, but is $3 in Illinois, while the law of Wisconsin provides for no fee for the examination, but charges $1 for a journeyman's license and $2 for a master's license. The fee for a barber, previously examined, whose license has lapsed is $2 in Michigan. Barbers practicing at the time the law comes into operation were allowed to register without examination on the payment of $1 in Colorado, Connecticut, Illinois, Kansas, Maryland, and Missouri; and of $2 in North Dakota, Rhode Island, and Utah. In Michigan certified barbers from other States may be registered on the payment of a fee of $5. In most States licenses must be renewed annually, the fee for renewal being usually $1, though it is but 50 cents in Washington. In Wisconsin the fee is $2 for the renewal of a master's license; no mention is made of the renewal of a journeyman's license. Apprentices must register in a number of States. No fee seems to be contemplated in Colorado, Illinois, Michigan, Washington, and Wisconsin; in the last named State the term of an apprentice's license is two years and it can not be renewed. The law of Delaware provides an apprentice's registration fee of 50 cents; that of Oregon and Utah, one of $1, and that of North Dakota, one of $2. Term of license.-The term of license is usually one year, though in Colorado the term is not clearly specified. No term is fixed in Maryland, Minnesota, and Missouri. Qualifications of applicants.-Common requirements are that applicants must be at least 19 years of age, free from infectious, contagious or blood diseases, of good moral character; have studied in a recognized school, or served an apprenticeship under a competent barber for three years, or practiced the occupation for the same length of time in another State; be skillful in the use of tools and have a knowledge of skin diseases sufficient to avoid their aggravation or spread. Utah admits applicants of the age of 16 years, and Washington of the age of 18. The Illinois, Michigan and North Dakota laws make no mention of age. The term of apprenticeship may be as short as six months in Utah, one year in Kansas, and two years in Michigan, Missouri, Rhode Island, Washington and Wisconsin. Where instruction is given in a barber school, the board may judge of the school's competence and the sufficiency of the instruction given, according to the laws of Michigan, Missouri, North Dakota, Utah and Wisconsin; this provision is specific in some instances, while in others the requirement is that the instruction must be given in a "recognized" or "properly organized" barber school. A physician's certificate that the applicant is free from contagious and infectious diseases is required in Michigan, North Dakota (applies to renewals also), and Rhode Island. The laws of Colorado and Michigan specify that applicants must have a knowledge of the use of antiseptic preparations. The Maryland and Oregon laws prescribe practically no qualifications for admission to examinations, except an apprenticeship term, which is 3 years in Oregon, and in Maryland may be inferred. Apprentices.-Registration of apprentices is required in Colorado, Delaware, Illinois, Kansas, Michigan, Missouri, North Dakota, Oregon, Rhode Island, Utah, Washington and Wisconsin. The number of apprentices is limited by law to one to each shop in Colorado and Oregon, one to each barber in Delaware and Washington, and one to each two barbers in Minnesota, Missouri and North Dakota, though in Missouri and North Dakota at least one may be employed in each shop. Forfeiture of license.-Licenses may be revoked under the laws of nearly every State for conviction of crime, habitual drunkenness, gross incompetency, failure to comply with sanitary or other regulations, or for having or imparting an infectious or contagious disease. Such licenses may be renewed after 90 days on proof that the disqualifying cause has been removed. The laws of Rhode Island and Washington permit renewal on a showing that the disqualification has ceased, without reference to the lapse of any fixed period. Sanitary requirements.-Provisions classifiable under this head vary more widely than any of the above, varying from requirements of a detailed nature embodied in the law to a simple authorization of the board to devise and enforce suitable regulations. The law of Minnesota makes no reference to the subject. The laws of Colorado and Oregon require towels and tools used in shaving persons suffering from communicable diseases to be boiled or otherwise disinfected before being used again; while the laws of Michigan and Utah forbid barbers to serve persons suffering from " erysipelas, eczema, impetigo, sycosis, tuberculosis, or any other contagious or infectious disease.” The sterilizing of all tools, etc., before a second using is prescribed by the laws of Colorado, North Dakota, and Washington. In most instances, however, the drafting of regulations is placed in the hands of the boards, and inspections by them are authorized by the laws of Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, and Wisconsin, though that power is no doubt in the hands of the boards generally. CHAUFFEURS. Laws providing for the licensing or registration of chauffeurs, usually in connection with other regulations relative to the operation of motor vehicles, have been enacted in the following States: Alabama.-Acts of 1911, No. 452. Arkansas.-Acts of 1911, act 134. California. Acts of 1913, chapter 326. Colorado.-Acts of 1913, chapter 114. Connecticut.-Acts of 1911, chapter 85 (amended by chapter 135, Acts of 1913). Illinois. Acts of 1911, page 487. Indiana.-Acts of 1913, chapter 300. Maine.-Acts of 1911, chapter 162. Maryland.-Annotated Code of 1911. Article 56. Massachusetts.-Acts of 1909, chapter 534. Minnesota.-Acts of 1911, chapter 365. Montana.-Acts of 1913, chapter 73. New Hampshire.-Acts of 1911, chapter 133 (amended by Acts of 1913, chapter 81). New Jersey.-Compiled Statutes of 1910, pages 3429 to 3445 (amended by Acts of 1913, chapter 333). New York.-Consolidated Laws of 1909, chapter 25 (amended by Acts of 1910, chapter 374; Acts of 1911, chapter 491). Ohio.-General Code of 1910, sections 6302 to 6306 (amended by Acts of 1913, page 763), and 12611. Oregon.-Acts of 1911, chapter 174. Pennsylvania.-Acts of 1913, No. 385. Philippine Islands.-Acts of 1912, No. 2159. Rhode Island.-General Laws of 1909, chapter 86 (amended by Acts of 1911, chapter 681). Vermont.—Public Statutes of 1906, chapter 176 (amended by Acts of 1911, Nos. 133, 134 and 136). The provisions of the law of Massachusetts regulating the licensing of chauffeurs are as follows: ACTS OF 1909, CHAPTER 534. SECTION 8. Application to operate automobiles may be made, by mail or otherwise, to the commission or its duly authorized agent upon blanks prepared under its authority. The fees provided in section twenty-nine shall be deposited with the application. Before such a license is granted the applicant shall pass such examination as to his qualifications as the commission shall require, and no license shall be issued until the commission or its authorized agent is satisfied that the applicant is a proper person to receive it. No operator's license shall be issued to any person under sixteen years of age. To each person shall be assigned some distinguishing number or mark, and the licenses issued shall be in such form as the commission shall determine; they may contain special restrictions and limitations concerning the type of motor power, horsepower, design and other features of the automobiles which the licensee may operate; they shall contain the distinguishing number or mark assigned to the licensee, his name, place of residence and address, and a brief description of the licensee for purposes of identification; and such other information as the commission shall deem necessary. A person to whom a license to operate automobiles has been issued, unless such license contains a special limitation or restriction, may operate any registered motor cycle. Special licenses shall be issued to chauffeurs, and the commission shall furnish to every chauffeur so licensed a suitable metal badge with the distinguishing number or mark assigned to him thereon without extra charge therefor; but no such license shall be issued to any person less than eighteen years of age. Said badge shall be valid only during the term of the license of the chauffeur to whom it is issued as aforesaid. Every person licensed to operate automobiles as aforesaid shall endorse his usual signature on the margin of the license, in the space provided for the purpose, immediately upon the receipt of said license, and such license shall not be valid until so endorsed. All licenses to operate motor vehicles, heretofore commonly called "private operators' licenses," and other than those of chauffeurs, shall expire at midnight upon the thirty-first day of December in the year nineteen hundred and nine, and thereafter all licenses issued to operators and chauffeurs shall be valid for one year only from the date of issue. Every application filed under the provisions of this section shall be sworn to by the applicant before a justice of the peace or a notary public. The fee for such oath shall not exceed twenty-five cents. * * |