I.e. Virginia. Chargeable expensive. Virginia and New England. wee them, without our consents or knowledge; since there haue gone more then [than] one hundred ships of other proportions, and eight or ten thousand people. Now if you please to compare what hath beene spent, sent, discouered and done this fifteene yeares, by that we did in the three first yeares, and euery Gouernor that hath beene there since, giue you but such an account as this, you may easily finde what hath beene the cause of those disasters in Virginia. . . . In the yeare 1609 about Michaelmas, I left the Countrey, as is formerly related, [it being provided] with three ships, seuen Boats, Commodities to trade, haruest newly gathered, eight weeks prouision of Corne and Meale, about fiue hundred persons, three hundred Muskets, shot, powder, and match, with armes for more men then [than] we had. The Saluages their language and habitation, well knowne to two hundred expert Souldiers; Nets for fishing, tooles of all sorts, apparell to supply their wants: six Mares and a Horse, fiue or six hundred Swine, many more Powltry, which was brought or bred, but victuall there remained. . . . Thus these nineteene yeares I haue here and there not spared any thing according to my abilitie, nor the best aduice I could, to perswade how those strange miracles of misery might haue beene preuented, which lamentable experience plainly taught me of necessity must insue, but few would beleeue [believe] me till now too deerely [dearly] they haue paid for it. Wherefore hitherto I haue rather left all then [than] vndertake impossibilities, or any more such costly taskes at such chargeable rates for in neither of those two Countries haue I one foot of Land, nor the very house I builded, nor the ground I digged with my owne hands, nor euer any content or satisfaction at all, and though I see ordinarily those two Countries shared before me by them that neither haue them nor knowes them, but by my descriptions: Yet that doth not so much trouble me, as to heare and see those contentions and diuisions which will hazard if not ruine the prosperitie of Virginia, if present remedy bee not found, as they haue hindred many hundreds, who would haue beene there ere now, and makes them yet that are willing [to go] to stand in a demurre. No. 14 is Captain John Smith, The Generall Historie of Virginia, NewEngland, and the Summer Isles (London, 1626), 162-164 by DOCTOR passim. 14. The King and the Puritans (1604) HEN hee [Doctor Reynolds] desireth, that tions, they of the Clergy might haue meetinges once euery three weekes; first in Rurall Deanries, and therein to haue Prophecying, according as the Reuerend Father, Archbishoppe Grindal, and other Bishops desired of her late Maiestie. 2. that such things, as could not be resolued vpon, there, might bee referred to the Archdeacons Visitation: and so 3. from thence to the Episcopall Synode, where the Bishoppe with his Presbyteri [presbytery], should determine all such pointes, as before could not be decided. WILLIAM BARLOW († 1613), bishop of Rochester and Lincoln successively. He was a leading Church of England partisan in the conference of prelates and Puritan divines called by King James Ỉ, at Court, JanHampton uary, 1604. from which His report, this extract is taken, is the chief authority on For Puritan doctrine, see Contemporaries, I, At which speech, his Maiestie was somewhat stirred; the subject. yet, which is admirable in him, without passion or shewe thereof: thinking, that they aymed at a Scottish Presbytery, which saith hee, as well agreeth with a Monarchy, as God, and the Diuell [devil]. "Then Jack and Tom, and Will, and Dick, shall meete, and at their pleasures censure me, and my Councell, and all our proceedings: Then Will shall stand vp, and say, it must bee thus; then Dick shall reply, and say, nay, mar[r]y, but wee will haue it thus. And therefore, here I must once reiterate my former speech, Le Roy s'auisera: Stay, I pray you, for one seauen [seven] yeares, before you demaunde that of mee: and if then, you this was the Reynolds was one of the leaders who took part ference. "The king four Puritan in the con will think about it."; of veto. Prophecyings were regular form finde mee purseye [pursy] and fat, and my winde pipes stuffed, I will perhaps hearken to you for let that gouernment bee once vp, I am sure, I shall bee kept in breath; then shall wee all of vs, haue worke enough, both our hands full. But Doctor Reyn. til you finde that I grow lazy, let ing passages that alone." of Scripture. Visitations exercises for interpreting and discuss were annual tours of inspection. The presby tery would be a council of the clergy, but really controlled by the bishop: this was the issue which the Puritans order to get rid of the power of King James was quick to see the point. 66 And here, because D. Reyn. had twise before obtruded the Kings Supremacie, 1. In the Article, concerning the Pope; 2. in the point of Subscription, his Maiestie at those times saide nothing: but now growing to an end, he saide, "I shall speake of one matter more; yet, somewhat out of order, but it skilleth not. Doctor Rein." quoth the K. 'you haue often spoken for my Supremacie, and it is well: but knowe you any here, or any else where, who like of the present Gouernement Ecclesiasticall, that finde fault, or dislike had raised, in D. Rein. saide no . . . And then my Supremacie?" putting his hand to his hat, his Maiestie saide; "my Lordes the Bishops, I may thanke you, that these men doe thus the bishops. pleade for my Supremacie; They thinke they cannot make their party good against you, but by appealing unto it, as if you, or some that adhere vnto you, were not well affected towardes it. But if once you were out, and they in place, I knowe what would become of my Supremacie. No Bishop, no King, as before I sayd. Neither doe I thus speake, at random, without ground, for I haue obserued since my comming into England, that some Preachers before me, can be content to pray for Iames, King of England, Scotland, Fraunce and Ireland, defendor of the faith, but as for Supreme Gouernour in all causes, and ouer all persons, (as well Ecclesiasticall as Ciuil) they passe that ouer with silence; & what cut they haue beene of, I after learned." After this asking them, if they had any more to obiect [object], and D. Reyn aunswering, Noe, his Maiestie appointed the next Wednesday for both parties to meete before him, and rising from his Chaire, as hee was going to The king, ever since the time of Henry the Eighth, had been titular head of the English Church. The concluding words made it evident that no toleration might be expected from James, but that after this it was only a ques when the more irreconcilable Puritans would be compelled to leave his inner Chamber, "If this bee all," quoth he, "that they tion of time haue to say, I shall make the [them] conforme themselues, or I will harrie them out of the land, or else do worse." William Barlow, The Summe and Substance of the Conference ... at Hampton Court. Ianuary 14. 1603 (London, 1604), England. 78-83 passim. 15. Settlement of Plymouth (1620) ... A By WILLIAM (1590-1657). the Scrooby member of congregation, silk manufacturer during the sojourn at Leyden, and later governor of Plymouth. His "His on the early FTER some houres sailling, it begane to snow, GOVERNOR & raine, & about ye midle of ye afternoone BRADFORD [Dec. 8, 1620], ye wind Increased, & ye sea became very rough; and they broake their rudder, & it was as much as .2. men could doe to steere her with a cupple of oares. But their pillott bad[e] them be of good cheere for he saw ye harbor, but ye storme Increasing, & night drawing on, they bore what saile they could to gett in, while they could see; but herwith they broake their mast in .3. peeces & their saill fell ouer bo[a]rd, in a very grown sea, so as they had like to haue been cast away; yet by gods mercie they recouered them selues, & hauing ye floud [flood-tide] with them struck into ye harbore. But when it came too [to], ye pillott was deceiued in yo place, and said ye Lord be mercifull vnto them, for his eys neuer saw yt [that] place before ; & he, & the m' [master] mate would haue rune her a shore, in a coue full of breakers before ye winde but a lusty seaman which steered, bad[e] those which rowed if they were men, about with her, or ells [else] they were all cast away; the which they did with speed, so he bid them be of good cheere, & row lustly for ther was a faire sound before them, & he doubted not, but they should find one place or other, wher they might ride in saftie. And though it was very darke, and rained sore; yet in yo end they gott vnder ye lee of a smalle Iland and remained ther all y' night tory" not only is the chief source history of Plymouth, edly ranks as a classic literature. For other Bradford, see but deserv in historical extracts from Old South Leaflets, Nos. 48,49; American History Leaflets, No. poraries, I, Nos. 49, 29; Contem 97-100, 117. anchor in Province town harbor, this exploring party was sent out; it coasted along the shore, and finally selected Plymouth as a site for a settlement. The island of refuge was After the in saftie. But they knew not this to be an Iland till mornMayflower had dropped ing, but were deuided [divided] in their minds, some would keepe ye boate for fear they might be amongst ye Indians; others were so weake and could [cold], they could not endure, but got a shore, & with much adoe got fire (all things being so wett) and ye rest were glad to come to them, for after midnight ye wind shifted to the north-west, & it frose hard. But though this had been a day, & night of much trouble, & danger vnto them; yet god gaue them a morning of comforte & refreshinge (as vsually he doth to his children) for ye next day was a faire sunshinīge day, and they found them sellues [selves] to be on an Iland secure from ye Indeans; wher they might drie their stufe [stuff], fixe their peeces, & rest them selues, and gaue god thanks for his mercies, in their manifould deliuerances. And this being the last day of ye weeke, they prepared ther to keepe ye Sabath; on munday they sounded ye harbor, and founde it fitt for shipping; and marched into ye land, & found diuerse cornfeilds, & litle runing brooks, a place [(]as they supposed) fitt for situation, at least it was ye best they could find, and ye season, & their presente necessitie made them the first land- glad to accepte of it. So they returned to their shipp againe with this news to ye rest of their people, which did much comforte their h[e]arts. Clark's Observe ing at Plymouth. I.e. Plymouth. On ye .15. of Desem, they wayed [weighed] anchor to goe to ye place they had discouered, & came within .2. leagues of it, but were faine to bear vp againe, but ye .16. day ye winde came faire, and they arriued safe in this harbor. And after wards tooke better veiw of ye place, and resolued wher to pitch their dwelling; and ye :25. day begane to erecte ye first house, for comōne vse to receiue them, and their goods. . In these hard & difficulte beginings they found some discontents & murmurings arise amongst some, and mutinous speeches & carriag[e]s in other; but they were soone |