width. The obverse of the army badge shows the head incoln surrounded by the words, "With malice towards with charity for all," and on the reverse are the words, Civil War" and the dates, "1861-1865," surrounded by ath of oak and laurel.

obverse of the navy and marine corps badge shows the s battle between the Monitor and the Merrimac, fought in ters of Hampton Roads on March 9, 1862, with the words, Civil War" above and the dates, "1861-1865," below. everse of the navy badge bears an eagle perched upon a chor and directly below the words, "For Service," surd in a circle by the legend, "United States Navy" in the half and branches of laurel and oak in the lower half. The of the marine corps badge is the same as for the navy, that the legend reads, "United States Marine Corps." reverse side of all of the other campaign badges for the nd marine corps is the same as that for the Civil War gn badge.

INDIAN CAMPAIGN BADGE

officer and enlisted man of the U. S. Army who took an le part in any of the campaigns or battles waged against ile Indian tribes between 1865 and 1891 received one of dges.

campaigns so honored included the battles in Oregon, California and Nevada from 1865 to 1868; campaigns the Cheyennes, Arapahoes, Kiowas and Comanches, in Colorado and Indian Territory, 1867 to 1869; the Modoc 2-1873; against the Apaches in Arizona, 1873; against was, Comanches and Cheyennes, 1874-1875; against es and Sioux, 1876-1877; Nez Perces War, 1877; Banr, 1878; against Northern Cheyennes, 1878-1879; against , 1879-1880; against the Apaches in 1885-1886; and he Sioux under the famous chief, Sitting Bull, 1890-1891. dge is of bronze and the obverse bears a mounted Indian. his war bonnet and carrying a spear, with the words, Wars" above and a buffalo skull with arrow heads on e below. The reverse side bears a trophy composed of perched on a cannon, an Indian shield, standards, rifles, rows, a Cuban machete and a Sulu kriss, with the words

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For Service" below it. Above the trophy in a semicircle are the words, "United States Army," and below it 13 stars similarly arranged.

The distinctive ribbon is Indian red with a narrow black stripe near each edge.

The reverse side of all subsequent campaign badges issued to the officers and men of the army is the same as that for the Indian campaign badge.

SPANISH CAMPAIGN BADGE

The badge was issued to all officers and enlisted men of the U. S. Army who saw active service on the high seas en route to or ashore in Cuba between May 11 and July 17, 1898, in Porto Rico between July 24 and August 13, 1898, or in the Philippine Islands between June 30 and August 16, 1898; and to all officers and men of the navy and marine corps who served honorably aboard a ship of the navy or who saw active service ashore in Cuba, Porto Rico, the Philippine Islands or Guam during the war with Spain.

The first ribbon adopted for the army badge was yellow, with a narrow stripe of red near each side edged with blue, while that for the navy badge was yellow with a narrow red stripe near each edge, very similar to the Spanish flag; but since March 1, 1913, the ribbon has been the same for both services, yellow with narrow blue stripes near each edge.

The obverse of the army badge bears a conventional castle with round towers added at each corner, one for Havana and one for Santiago de Cuba, surrounded in a circle by the legend, "War with Spain," the date " 1898," a tobacco plant and a stalk of sugar

cane.

The design on the obverse side of the badge for the navy and marine corps consists of the Morro Castle at the, entrance to Havana harbor, surrounded by the legend, "Spanish Campaign," and the date, " 1898."

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A badge of the same design and with the same ribbon was issued to the officers and men of the navy and marine corps who participated in the naval battles and campaigns in the West Indies during the war with Spain, the legend reading, "West Indies Campaign."

PHILIPPINE CAMPAIGN BADGE

he Philippine insurrection broke out on February 4, 1899, and officially declared to be suppressed on July 4, 1903. The ers and enlisted men of the army, navy and marine corps participated in any of the campaigns or engagements during period were given the campaign badge, and it was also given ose who took part in the operations against the natives in lanao during 1904-1906.

e ribbon of this badge is dark blue with a narrow stripe of near each edge. The original navy ribbon was composed of stripes, red, yellow, red; but on March 1, 1913, the army n was ordered to be used with the badge by all services. e obverse of the army badge has a cocoanut tree with balscales on the right and a Roman lamp on the left, and the d, “Philippine Insurrection, 1899"; while the badge for the and marine corps has on the obverse a design of the old gate city wall of Manila and the legend, “ Philippine Campaign, 1903."

ARMY OF CUBAN OCCUPATION BADGE

er the close of the war with Spain a Military Government istered the affairs of Cuba pending the establishment of the blic of Cuba in accordance with the terms of the Platt dment. The great constructive work-sanitation, estab-nt of schools and road building-accomplished by the army cupation was commemorated by the issue of a campaign. to the officers and men who took part. The obverse is ented with the coat of arms of the Republic of Cuba with tes" 1898" and "1902" to the left and right of it, sured by the legend, "Army of Occupation, Military Governof Cuba." The ribbon has a central blue stripe edged with with a red stripe edged with blue on either side.

THE CHINA CAMPAIGN BADGE

n the Boxer Rebellion in 1900 threatened the lives of all ers sojourning in China small detachments of sailors, s and soldiers from the American, British, French, Gerapanese and Russian cruisers in nearby waters were sent ng to act as legation guards. Shortly after their arrival nese troops cut the line of communications between Peking

and the sea at Tientsin and from June 4 until August 15, 1900, the foreign legations and their nationals who had taken refuge therein were closely besieged. On the latter date the Relief Expedition, consisting of American, British, French, German, Japanese and Russian troops, totaling 12,000, entered Peking and relieved the besieged legations after capturing Tientsin and fighting through the 90 miles that lie between that port and the capital of China.

To commemorate this event the China campaign badge was issued to each officer and man of the American legation guard of marines and to the officers and men of the army and navy who took part in the Relief Expedition, either afloat or ashore. The distinctive ribbon is of imperial Chinese yellow, edged with blue.

The obverse of the army badge bears the imperial Chinese fivetoed dragon, surrounded by the legend, "China Relief Expedition, 1900-1901 "; while the badge issued to the officers and men of the navy and marine corps bears a representation of the Chienmen, the main gateway to the walled city of Peking, with an imperial dragon below, surrounded by the legend, "China Relief Expedition, 1900."

THE CUBAN PACIFICATION BADGE

In October, 1906, a revolution in Cuba threatened the stability of the new republic and a U. S. naval force was sent to preserve order. Two regiments of marines were landed for the protection of foreign property and the preservation of order, but as the Cuban Government appeared to be unable to reestablish law and order throughout the island, the United States intervened, pursuant to the provisions of the Platt Amendment under which the Republic of Cuba had been established, and for three years administered the government.

A governor, appointed by the President of the United States, assisted by a force of soldiers from the army and marine corps, known as the army of Cuban pacification, conducted the government ashore, and cruisers and gunboats of the navy patrolled the harbors and waters adjacent to the island.

A campaign badge was issued to all of the officers and men of the army, navy and marine corps who participated in these operations. The distinctive ribbon has a wide band of the olive drab

of the U. S. Army field uniform through the center, with narrow stripes of red, white and blue on either side.

The obverse of the army badge bears the coat of arms of the Cuban Republic supported on either side by an American soldier, with the legend, "Cuban Pacification," above, the dates, "19061909," below; and the obverse of the badge issued to the navy and marine corps represents Columbia presenting the olive branch to Cuba, while the dove of peace hovers above, the legend being, "Cuban Pacification, 1908."

NICARAGUAN CAMPAIGN BADGE

In 1912 a revolution in Nicaragua threatened the disruption of the republic and a force of sailors and marines was landed to establish order and good government. This force inflicted a decisive defeat upon the revolutionists who opposed them and quickly brought order out of chaos. A campaign badge was issued to each officer and man of the navy and marine corps who participated. The ribbon is dark red with blue stripes near each edge, and the obverse of the badge shows the smoking volcanic peak of Mount Momotombo rising from Lake Managua beyond a tropical forest, with the legend, " Nicaraguan Campaign, 1912."

THE MEXICAN CAMPAIGN BADGE

The revolution and counter-revolutions in Mexico between 1911 and 1917 made it necessary for the United States to maintain. strong patrols of army troops along the border and of cruisers and gunboats along both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of that country, to send the punitive expedition across the Rio Grande into Mexico, and to conduct the naval and military operations against Vera Cruz in 1914.

To commemorate this service the badge known officially as the Mexican service badge was issued to the officers and men of the army, navy and marine corps who participated in these operations. The distinctive ribbon of this badge is yellow, blue, yellow, with green edges.

The obverse of the army badge is decorated with a yucca plant in bloom, with hills in the background, and the legend, " Mexican Service, 1911-1917 "; and that of the badge for the navy and marine corps shows the old castle of San Juan de Ulloa, with the legend," Mexican Service, 1914."