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the grates (that is, the fires are too thick) is in excess for the draft available there will not be sufficient current of air to do the work. Either the draft must be increased or the thickness of the fires reduced. If the speed of the ship is to be constant, use less coal in each shovelful and reduce the thickness. The coal must

be fired in small quantities and at short intervals. The fuel bed must be kept level and in good condition by spreading the fresh coal over the thin spots only where the coal tends to burn away and leave the grate bare.

Leveling (by use of hoe) or disturbing (by use of slice bar and hoe) the fuel bed in any way whatsoever must be avoided as much as possible; it means a great deal more work for the fireman and is certain to cause the formation of much troublesome clinker. Furthermore, while the fireman is leveling the fires a large excess of air enters the furnace, and this excess of air greatly reduces the amount of steam made per ton of coal.

The uses of the shovel, hoe and slice bar are as follows:

(a) The shovel is to be used to throw coal on the various thin spots and hollows throughout the fuel bed that need coal. Coal must be placed in thin layers, never a full heaping shovel of coal. One-half a shovelful is plenty for one complete swing.

(b) The hoe is to be used to break a crust; when cleaning fires; hauling ash pans; and to remove a clinker. Never for leveling fires. The air and the shovel want to keep the fire level, why not let them do it for you? If you are in New York and want to go to Boston you are not going to Boston, then back to New York and then go to Boston before getting there. So, having opened your furnace door to coal the fire why do it all over again to get it in the right place? You men below open your door, fire your coal then open the door again and push the coal into the right place, where you should have thrown it. Use your shovel correctly, the air will do the rest.

(c) The slice bar is to be used to sift ashes through the grate. bars and in renewing grate bars; NEVER allow the point of the slice bar to come up off the top of the grate bar. Using it as a lever is harmful, ruins the fire and causes clinkers. The ash-pit door should be kept open. refuse in the ash-pit must be prevented, uneven supply of air under the grate. When you are burning coal that shows a tendency to clinker keep your ash-pit clean and

A large accumulation of as it is sure to cause an

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Form: 31 and 33 to be made by destroyers but once a year, on June 30.

Electric logs not required from destroyers.

Ref.: I. 5222 (4) (b).

RECRUITING STATISTICS.

134

To: Bureau of Medicine and Surgery.

Form: X (one copy).

By: M. O. through C. O.

ANNUALLY, January 1.

To be submitted annually, showing any recruiting done during the year.

File: M. O.'s office.

AMMUNITION EXPENDITURE.

To: Bureau of Ordnance.

135

ANNUALLY, June 30.

Form: N. Ord. 70a.

By: Ordnance officer through C. O.

BuOrd. letter 27777 (I) 6/20 circular No. 4, April 19, 1913, requires annual report of expenditures of ammunition for fiscal year and cost thereof. File: 4.

EQUIPAGE, TITLE "B" BALANCE

SHEET.

136

ANNUALLY, June 30.

Balance sheet for equipage, title "B," together with abstract of receipts and

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By each officer through C. O. reporting having completed all tests for previous year, and including record of physical examination for current year. (Waived during war times.)

138

PAY OF ENLISTED FORCE.

To: Bureau of Navigation direct.

Form: 270.

ANNUALLY.

By: P.O. Report showing the pay of the enlisted force for specified month. The bureau sends out the form and the flotilla paymaster prepares it for the ship. It is signed by C. O. and then forwarded.

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All registered numbers of all confidential publications issued by operations

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140

SANITARY REPORT.

ANNUALLY, January 1.

To: Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, through the C.-in-C. for approval

and forwarding.

Form: Letter. Three copies, one to M. & S., one for base commander. By: M. O. through C. O.

File: 202.

141

DESCRIPTION OF RADIO PLANT.

ANNUALLY, December 31.

To: Steam Engineering through C.-in-C.
Form: N. S. E. 25.

By: Senior engineer officer through C. O.
In duplicate: C.-in-C. (1), Department (1).
Copies to F. C. and B. C.

The "system" has been paid the most sincere flattery, having been copied repeatedly by many ships, both destroyers and others, including battleships. It is probable, therefore, that a number of officers are acquainted with the system.

The tedious detail work entailed in perfecting this system, the careful searching through files, regulation books, and pamphlets, to collect the data for inspections and reports, and the tabulation of data was done by my wife who spent over four months in 1910 to insure the system's accuracy.

Since her original successful efforts, I have attempted to keep it up to date. Everyone who contemplates using the system is advised to check it to insure that it covers the requirements of his particular type of ship.

[COPYRIGHTED]

U. S. NAVAL INSTITUTE, ANNAPOLIS, MD.

WINNING THE ENGINEERING WHITE E

By COMMANDER BRUCE R. WARE, JR., U. S. Navy

In December, 1915, the U. S. S. Texas was standing about 14th in the engineering competition. She finished the year June 30, 1916, in second place, having gained 13 places in six months; the next year, however, she finished in first place and won the white E.

The first step towards winning the competition was taken at a conference in the senior engineer officer's stateroom. Here it was agreed by all hands, deck, ship and engineers, to get together in earnest in order to win, not only the white E, but the gunnery trophy and the battle efficiency pennant. The order of the day from then on was to be "Co-operation for the ship!"

Therefore, with the welfare of the entire ship in view, each officer was assigned the duties for which he was best fitted. Thus assigned, we all started to get acquainted with our ship. Careful inspections and intensive observations were made of the crew and the machinery. Operating data, pressures and other values were recorded at all points throughout the ship.

About a week before the fleet went to Guantanamo in January, 1916, the data accumulated were analyzed and it was decided to concentrate at once upon the following three points:

1. To get the crew interested.

2. To systematize.

3. To teach and encourage true economy:

The winning of the gunnery trophy proved the success on deck. The co-operation received below from the deck also merits notice. From here on, however, this article will treat with the engineering struggle into the first place.

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