to foreign nations, and to the midst of the ocean, in quest of new luxuries. All Nature seems to be insufficient to satisfy the intemperance and caprice of his appetite. Man alone, consumes more flesh than all the other carnivorous animals in the world. He is unquestionably the greatest destroyer; and he is so, more from abuse than necessity. Instead of enjoying, with moderation, the benefits presented to him, instead of dispensing them with equity, or making reparation in proportion to his waste, by renewing what he annihilates, the rich man places his chief glory in consuming at his table more in one day than would be sufficient to feed many families. His abuse is not confined to the animals, but extends to his fellowmen, many of whom languish with famine and misery, and labor only to satiate the vanity and luxurious appetite of the opulent, who kill the poor by famine, and put an end to their own existence by excess.

Man, notwithstanding, like some other animals, might live upon vegetables. Flesh, which appears so analogous to flesh, affords not better nourishment than grain or bread. That nutriment which contributes to the expansion, growth, and support of the body, consists not of the inert and visible matter of which the texture of flesh and of herbs is composed, but of the organic particles contained in both these substances.

Parum est coercere improbos pœna, nisi probos efficias disciplina.

It avails little to restrain the bad by punishment, unless you render them good by instruction.

Debtors and felons, as well as hostile foreigners, are men, and by men ought to be treated as men. Those who, when told of the misery of those in prison, reply, "let them take care then to keep out," forget the vicissi tudes of human affairs, and the unexpected changes to which all men are liable, so that the affluent may in time become indigent, debtors, and prisoners.

In a well regulated prison, the first care is to find a good man for a jailer; one that is honest, active, sober and humane. The charge is too important to be left wholly to a jailer, paid indeed for his attendance, but often tempted by his passions or interest to fail in his duty. County prisons are under the immediate care of the magis trates or sheriffs, who have the power of inspection. inspector should make his visit once a week, changing his days. He should see that every room is clean;, hear the complaints of each prisoner, and immediately correct what he finds manifestly wrong. A good jailor would be pleased

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with this scrutiny-it would do him honor, and confirm him in his station; in case of a less worthy jailor, the examination is more needful, that he may be reprimanded, and, if incorrigible, discharged. The inspector should act from the noble motive of doing justice to his prisoners and service to his country.

Dr. Young says, "If half the misery that is felt by some, were seen by others, it would shock them with horror;" and Fenelon makes this delicate remark: "The prosperous turn away their eyes from the miserable, not through insensibility, but because the sight is an interruption to their gayety." Surely the magistrates should act upon the more righteous principle of duty. Great care should be taken to prevent infection, to keep the rooms clean and well ventilated; the court yard should have a pump or other provision for water in plenty for the prisoners, they should be kept at work ten hours a day, mealtimes included, and permitted to walk about when they have done working. Adhere to strict rules of sobriety and diligence, in order to correct their faults and make them for the future, useful to society. Gentle discipline is commonly more efficacious than severity; which should not be exercised but on such as will not be amended by lenity. These should be punished by solitary confinement on bread and water for a time proportioned to their fault. Endeavor to persuade the offender that he is corrected only for his own good. I know not any reason why a house of correction may not be as well conducted as any other house with an equally numerous family. Let the sober and diligent be distinguished by some preference in their diet and lodging, or by shortening their term of confinement, and giving them when discharged a good character. The notion that convicts are ungovernable is certainly erroneous. Some of the most desperate may be managed with ease to yourself and advantage to them. Many of them are shrewd and sensible, manage them with calmness yet with steadiness; show them that you have humanity, that you aim to make them useful members of society; let them know the rules of the prison, and that they are not defrauded of their provisions or clothes by contractors or jailors.

S. J. PRATT'S

HUMANITY OR THE RIGHTS OF NATURE.

The muse is kneeling at Compassion's shrine, Her opening lay, HUMANITY, be thine! Thee she invokes, oh! soother of distress, Who with our kindness wove our happiness; For as thy circling virtues round us move, From our best deeds thy brightest joys we prove ; And this great truth, shall ev'ry tyrant know, THE WO HE GIVES, SHALL BE REPAID BY WO.

Why are sires torn from children and from wife, Dragg'd at the Car of Trade, and chain'd for life; And why do human hecatombs expire,

Smote by her mangling whip and murderous fire? Those stripes, and killing shrieks that rend the air, Ill fated AFRICA, thy wrongs declare.

NATURE and HABIT, human kind control,
The needle one, and one th' attractive pole;
And what, in Europe, we a grace may call,
Is found in Africa no grace at all ;

And what, abhorr'd deformity we name,
In many a clime is dignified with fame.

Survey the various globe from shore to shore, Weigh manners, customs, and be proud no more Observe how all to flx'd opinion bow,

Or fond caprices, which no standards know;
Thou, who would'st fix her to thy pallid face,
Behold her beauty shift the ever changeful grace.
The beard must here, e'en to the girdle flow,
There, not a bristle must presume to grow.
The dazzling white is in this clime admir'd,
The glossy black in that is more desir'd.

O! thou proud Christian, aid Fair Nature's grace
And catch compassion from the Bramin race:
Their kind extremes, and vegetable fare,
Their tender maxims, all that breathes to spare,
Suit not thy cultur'd state, but thou shouldst know,
Like them to save unnecessary wo;
Like them to give each generous feeling birth,
And prove the friend, not tyrant, of the earth

O sweet HUMANITY! might pity sway,
All, all like Bramins would thy voice obey:
All need, alas! thy tender help below,
To heighten rapture and to solace wo.
One leans on all for aid, not all on one,
What worm so feeble as proud man alone?
The veriest giant, by himself is found,
Frail as the reed that every breeze can wound
But even the pigmy with associates join'd,
Strong as the oak, can brave the rudest wind;
The Social Passion opens with our breath,
Pursues thro' life, and follows us to death.

Tyrants o'er brutes with ease extend the plan
And rise in cruelty from beast to man:
Their sordid policy each crime allows,
The flesh that quivers and the blood that flows,
The furious stripes that murder in a day,
Or torturing arts that kill by dire delay;
The fainting spirit, and the bursting vein
All, all are reconcil'd to Christian gain.

In cold barbarian apathy behold,

Sits the slave-agent bending o'er his gold;
That base contractor for the chain and rod,
Who buys and sells the image of his God.
Callous to ev'ry touch that Nature lends,
The bond that ties him to his kind he rends,
Robber at once and butcher of his slaves,
Nor grief, nor sickness, age nor sex, he saves.

Oh! Freedom, sacred Goddess! who inspires
Th' untutor'd Savage with sublimest fires,
Oft have their Chiefs o'er listed troops prevail'd,
And Nature's warriors sped where armies fail'd:
While the bought soldier in his trade of death,
With sordid contracts bargains for his breath,
And the poor Indian from his fetters broke
Ev'n Famine braves to feel no more the yoke.
What will not FREEDOM's Heav'n-descended fire,
In cultur'd, or untutor'd Souls inspire?
The RIGHTS OF NATURE and of God to save,
Men scoop the rock and build upon the wave.