material in the yards represented by these contracts (two ships under construction and part material delivered on one additional), and which was the only property acquired by the United States under the requisition, was estimated to be worth only $623,760.00. The amount claimed by the Norwegians stood at best for the highly speculative value that shipping contracts had obtained on the open market due to the shipping crisis prevailing under the pressure of the submarine warfare. The Norwegian claimants assert that they bought these contracts at great increases in price, and they contend that these high rates were justified under the abnormal circumstances.

Direct negotiations with the Shipping Board having proved fruitless, the matter was taken up diplomatically through the Norwegian Minister at Washington and the outcome was the decision to submit the claims to arbitration. The treaty provides for an Arbitral Tribunal to be constituted very much as prescribed by the Hague Convention of 1907 in the case of Summary Procedure. Each Government appoints one arbitrator and the third who is to preside over the Tribunal will be named by the President of the Swiss Confederation,-the two countries not having mutually come to a decision upon the third member when the first month elapsed as allowed by the treaty. The American and Norwegian members have already been announced. Mr. Chandler P. Anderson, well known to international law circles for his many previous services in international arbitrations, and particularly as Agent for the United States in the North Atlantic Coast Fisheries Arbitration at The Hague in 1910, as Counsel for the Government of Costa Rica in the Panama-Costa Rica Boundary Arbitration before Chief Justice White in 1913-14, and most recently as Arbitrator on the British-American Pecuniary Claims Arbitration Commission, has been named by the United States. Norway has likewise chosen an eminent representative of her country in the person of His Excellency Paul Benjamin Vogt, the present Ambassador of that country at the Court of St. James.

To act as Agent the United States has named Mr. William C. Dennis of Washington, formerly Assistant Solicitor of the Department of State, Agent of the United States in the Orinoco Steamship Company Arbitration at The Hague in 1910, and in the Chamizal Arbitration with Mexico at El Paso, Texas, in 1911. Mr. Dennis' latest public services in international law have been as Legal Adviser to the Chinese Government at Peking during the war, and as Solicitor to the American Delegation to the Preliminary Conference on International Communications held in Washington in the fall of 1920. The Norwegian Agent is Captain C. Frolich Hanssen, a distinguished artillery officer of the Royal Norwegian Army, and a practical expert both in the construction and operation of ships. Through long association in America with the shipping interests of the Norwegian claimants, and having represented these claimants before the

United States Shipping Board in 1919, and having served as a member of the Norwegian Technical Commission which participated in the negotiation of the Special Agreement of June 30, 1921, Captain Hanssen possesses an intimate knowledge of the matters involved in the arbitration.

According to the treaty the Tribunal would meet at The Hague June 22nd next, but by mutual agreement a postponement of one month has been adopted, thus fixing the opening date as July 22, 1922.

It is undoubted that an arbitration of such importance is destined to occasion much interest and publicity. The amount of money involved is enough to assure this. But apart from the pecuniary interests at stake there are several important legal questions awaiting decision which are likely to establish significant precedents in international law. This will be the first important arbitration to have direct bearing upon the war. By the treaty the Tribunal is to reach its decision "in accordance with the principles of law and equity." War was the cause, but normalcy returns again to appeal in the name of "law and equity."

STANLEY P. SMITH.

CHRONICLE OF INTERNATIONAL EVENTS

FOR THE PERIOD SEPTEMBER 1-DECEMBER 15, 1921.

(With references to earlier events not previously noted.)

WITH REFERENCES

Abbreviations: Adv. of peace, Advocate of peace; Bundesbl., Switzerland, Bundesblatt; Clunet, Journal du droit international; Cmd., Great Britain, Parliamentary papers; Commerce Reports, U. S. Commerce reports; Cong. Rec., Congressional Record; Contemp. R., Contemporary Review; Costa Rica, Ga., La Gaceta; Covenant, The Covenant (London); Cur. Hist., Current History (New York Times); Daily digest, Daily digest of reconstruction news; D. G., Diario do Governo (Portugal); D. O., Diario oficial (Brazil); Deutsch. Reichs., Deutscher Reichsanzeiger; E. G., Eidgenossiche gesetzblatt (Switzerland); Edin. Rev., Edinburgh Review; Evening Star (Washington); Figaro, Le Figaro (Paris); G. B. Treaty series, Great Britain, Treaty series; Ga. de Madrid, Gaceta de Madrid; G. U., Gazetta Ufficiale (Italy); Guatemalteco, El Guatemalteco; I. L. O. B., International Labor Office Bulletin; J. O., Journal officiel (France); L. N. O. J., League of Nations, Official Journal; L. N. T. S., League of Nations, Treaty series; Lond. Ga., London Gazette; Monit., Moniteur Belge; Nation, (N. Y.); N. Y. Times, New York Times; Naval Inst. Proc., U. S. Naval Institute Proceedings; P. A. U., Pan-American Union Bulletin; Press Notice, U. S. State Dept. Press Notice; Proclamation, U. S. State Dept. Proclamation; Rev. int. de la Croix-Rouge, Revue international de la Croix-Rouge; Staats, Netherlands Staatsblad; Temps, Le Temps (Paris); Times, The Times (London); Wash. Post, Washington Post.

March, 1921.

21 UNITED STATES-VENEZUELA. Treaty for advancement of peace, signed at Caracas March 21, 1914, and ratified on Feb. 22, 1921, was proclaimed by President Harding. U. S. Treaty series, No. 652.

May, 1921.

27 to Sept. 10. SWEDEN SWITZERLAND. Agreement concerning insane persons effected by exchange of notes. Text: E. G., Nov. 16, 1921, p. 789.

June, 1921.

25 GERMANY-GREAT BRITAIN. Treaty signed in London, Dec. 31, 1920, for execution of section IV of article V of Treaty of Versailles, promulgated by Germany. Text: Reichs. G., July 4, 1921, p. 777. 29 ALLIED POWERS-GERMANY. Agreement concerning frontier lines in Saar Basin, signed at Paris, Dec. 16, 1920, promulgated by Germany. Text: Reichs. G., July 12, 1921, p. 809.

July, 1921.

1

8

FRANCE-GREAT BRITAIN. Convention, signed July 1, 1861, relative to emigration of laborers from India to French colonies, denounced by Great Britain, effective Jan. 1, 1923. Lond. Ga., Oct. 18, 1921, p. 8189.

GREAT BRITAIN SWEDEN. Agreement signed at Stockholm relative to suppression of capitulations in Egypt. G. B. Treaty series, 1921, No. 14. Cmd. 1391.

12 FRANCE GERMANY. Convention signed June 30, 1920, relative to war levies on Alsace-Lorraine, ratified by Germany. Text: Reichs. G., July 12, 1921, p. 812. Ratifications exchanged July 23, 1921. Reichs. G., Aug. 2, 1921, p. 958.

12 POLAND-ROUMANIA. Political agreement of March 3, 1921, ratified by Polish Diet. Text: Temps, July 22, 1921, p. 2.

19 GERMANY-POLAND. Treaty signed at Berlin, Feb. 12, 1921, supplementing treaty of Oct. 1, 1919, concerning interned persons, came into force. Text: Reichs. G., July 19, 1921, p. 921.

20

BOLIVIA-GERMANY. Treaty signed at La Paz renewing friendly relations. P. A. U., Dec., 1921, p. 625.

August, 1921.

1 BRAZIL URUGUAY. Convention signed for promoting exchange of professors and students. P. A. U., Nov., 1921, p. 511.

6 BELGIUM GERMANY. Convention of July 9, 1920 relative to execution of art. 312 of Treaty of Versailles, promulgated in Germany. Text: Reichs. G., Aug. 6, 1921, p. 1177.

6 DANZIG GERMANY-POLAND. Convention signed at Paris, April 21, 1921, for freedom of transit through East Prussia, promulgated in Germany. Reichs. G., Aug. 6, 1921, p. 1069.

8 BELGIUM-GREAT BRITAIN. Agreement, regarding mutual settlement of questions arising out of sequestration of property, came into force. Text: Monit., Sept. 16 1921, p. 7742. London Ga., Nov. 15, 1921, p. 9032.

13

15

AFGHANISTAN-SOVIET RUSSIA. Exchange of ratifications of treaty of Feb. 28, 1921 took place at Kabul. Russian information, Dec. 15, 1921, p. 137.

CHILE-SWEDEN. Arbitration treaty, ratified May 3, 1921, promulgated in Chile. P. A. U., Jan., 1922, p. 86.

22-24 INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS AGAINST ALCOHOLISM.

Sixteenth meet

ing held at Lausanne with 29 countries represented. Mouvement pacifiste, Aug.-Oct. 1921, p. 82.

24 NORWAY-UNITED STATES. Agreement for submission to arbitration of certain claims of Norwegian subjects, signed at Washington, June 30, 1921, proclaimed by President Harding. U. S. Treaty series, No. 654.

25 JAPAN-PARAGUAY. Ratifications of treaty of commerce signed at Asunción, Nov. 17, 1919, exchanged at Santiago. P. A. U., Jan. 1922, p. 86.

25 to Sept. 15. PAN AMERICAN POSTAL CONGRESS. Held session in Buenos Aires, reaching agreements on parcel post, effective Jan. 1, 1923, and postal rates to Latin America. N. Y. Times, Sept. 12, 1921, p. 2, and Sept. 14, 1921, p. 32.

26 FAR EASTERN REPUBLIC JAPAN. Negotiations began at Dairen in connection with evacuation of Japanese troops from the coast line and establishment of economic relations. Russian information, Dec. 15, 1921, p. 138.

27 FRANCE GERMANY.

Reparations agreement providing for payment

in kind by Germany to France, signed at Wiesbaden. Cur. Hist., Oct., 1921, 15:154.

27 to Sept. 9. GREAT BRITAIN GREECE. Agreement signed at Athens respecting British war graves in Greece. G. B. Treaty series, 1921, No. 24. Cmd. 1554.

30 GERMANY-SOVIET RUSSIA. Ratifications exchanged at Berlin of the supplementary agreement of May 6, 1921, for the exchange of prisoners of war and interned persons. Reichs. G., Sept. 16, 1921, p. 1261.

30 to Oct. 12. LEAGUE OF NATIONS. COUNCIL. 14th regular meeting held in Geneva. During same period extraordinary sessions were held for discussion of Silesian question. L. N. M. S., Nov., 1921, p. 149.

September, 1921.

1 ANGLO-HUNGARIAN MIXED ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL. Established in London. Board of trade j., Sept. 8, 1921, p. 242.

1 INTERNATIONAL ZIONIST CONFERENCE. Opened at Carlsbad. Evening Star, Sept. 2, 1921, p. 12.

1-6 PAN AFRICAN CONGRESS. Biennial meeting held in Paris, continuing the meeting held in Brussels on Aug. 31. N. Y. Times, Sept. 6, 1921, p. 16; Clunet, May-Oct., 1921, p. 641.

1 SIAM-UNITED STATES. Commercial treaty of Dec. 16, 1920, ratified by Siam. Wash. Post, Sept. 4, 1921, II, 4

2 NORWAY-SOVIET RUSSIA. Preliminary trade agreement signed at Christiania. Text: Soviet Russia, Nov., 1921, p. 223.