vessel, shall prevent unauthorized persons, from going on board such vessel, and shall, through the master of such vessel or his representative promptly report all cases wherein unauthorized persons board or attempt to board or leave or attempt to leave such vessel. The report required in §§ 4.30a, 4.30b may be made to any Canal Zone police or customs officer, or to any member of the military guard or naval shore patrol, on the wharf or pier. As used in this section, the term "unauthorized persons" shall mean and include all persons other than (a) officers, members of the crew, and passengers of such vessel, and (b) persons who bear proper photographic identification and establish that they have legitimate business on board such vessel.

[Rule 45a, E. O. 9228, 7 F. R. 6630] RULES FOR THE PREVENTION OF COLLISION IN CANAL ZONE WATERS

SOURCE: $ 4.48 to 4.93 contained in C. Z. O. 11, 13 F. R. 866, except as noted following sections affected.

§ 4.48 Definitions. As used in §§ 4.48 to 4.93, inclusive, unless the context otherwise requires:

(a) The word "vessel" includes every description of water craft or other artificial contrivance, other than aircraft, used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water.

(b) The words "steam vessel" include any vessel propelled by machinery.

(c) The words "under steam" mean under any mechanical power.

(d) Every steam vessel which is under sail and not under steam is to be considered a sailing vessel, and every vessel under steam, whether under sail or not, is to be considered a steam vessel.

(e) A vessel is "under way" when she is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or aground.

(f) The word "whistle" means whistle or siren.

(g) The words "short blast" mean a blast of about one second's duration.

(h) The words "prolonged blast" mean a blast of from four to six seconds' duration.

(i) The words "long blast" mean a blast of at least eight seconds' duration.

§ 4.49 Application of rules. Sections 4.48 to 4.93, inclusive, shall be applicable to vessels and aircraft upon the navigable waters of the Canal Zone between a line

connecting East Breakwater Light and West Breakwater Light at the Atlantic entrance to the Canal in Limon Bay and a line passing through Channel Buoys 1 and 2 extended to the Canal Zone boundary lines at the Pacific entrance in Panama Bay. Upon all waters of the Canal Zone to seaward, outside these limits, the International Rules shall apply. However, where any naval or military vessel of special construction as certified to by the Secretary of the Navy, or the Secretary of the Treasury in the case of Coast Guard vessels operating under the Treasury Department, or by a corresponding official of a state, other than the United States, shall by virtue of statute, convention or treaty, be exempted from compliance with any requirements of the International Rules of the Road, such type of vessels shall similarly be exempted from compliance with any corresponding requirement under §§ 4.48 to 4.93, inclusive.

§ 4.50 Lights; time for display in general. Sections 4.48 to 4.93, inclusive, concerning lights shall be complied with in all weathers from sunset to sunrise, and during such time no other lights shall be exhibited, except such lights as will not be mistaken for the prescribed lights: Provided, however, That seagoing vessels, the lights of which comply with the International Rules of the Road, shall not be required to comply with any additional requirements in reference to lights contained in §§ 4.48 to 4.93, inclusive.

§ 4.51 Same; steam vessels under way. A steam vessel when under way shall carry:

(a) On or in front of the foremast, or if a vessel without a foremast then in the forward half of the vessel, a bright white light, so constructed as to show an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of twenty points of the compass, so fixed as to throw the light ten points on each side of the vessel, namely, from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on either side, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least five miles.

(b) Either forward or aft of the white light mentioned in paragraph (a) of this section a second white light similar in construction and character to that light. Steam vessels of less than one hundred feet in length may carry in lieu of the after range light of this rule and the stern light of § 4.59, an after range light

visible all around the horizon at a distance of at least five miles.

(c) These two white lights shall be so placed in line with and over the keel that one shall be at least fifteen feet higher than the other and in such a position that the lower light shall be forward of the upper one. The horizontal distance between the two white lights shall be at least three times the vertical distance.

(d) On the starboard side a green light so constructed and fixed as to show the light from ahead and not more than half a point on the port bow to two points abaft the beam on the starboard side, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least three miles.

(e) On the port side a red light so constructed and fixed as to show the light from ahead and not more than half a point on the starboard bow to two points abaft the beam on the port side, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least three miles.

(f) The said green and red side lights shall be fitted with inboard screens projecting at least three feet forward from the light, so as to prevent these lights from being seen more than half a point across the bow.

(g) A steam vessel under twenty-six feet in length may carry in lieu of the lights prescribed in paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section, and the screens in paragraph (f) of this section, the combined lantern prescribed in § 4.56 (a) (2).

§ 4.52 Same; steam vessel towing another vessel. A steam vessel when towing another vessel or vessels alongside, or by pushing ahead, shall carry two bright white lights in a vertical line, one over the other, not less than three feet apart, and when towing one or more vessels astern, shall carry an additional bright white light an equal distance above or below such lights. Each of these lights shall be of the same construction and character, and one of them shall be carried in the same position, as the white light mentioned in § 4.51 (a): Provided, That, in a vessel with a single mast, such lights may be carried on the mast. The towing vessel shall also show the side lights, stern light, and, if one hundred feet or more in length, the forward or after range light of a steam vessel under way.

§ 4.53 Same; vessels and aircraft not under command; vessels laying or picking up cables; vessels carrying dangerous commodities; Canal floating equipment; pipe lines; ferryboats; searchlights. (a) A vessel which is not under command shall carry, where they can best be seen, and, if a steam vessel, in lieu of the lights required by § 4.51 (a) and (b), two red lights in a vertical line, one over the other, not less than six feet apart, and of such a character as to be visible all around the horizon at a distance of at least three miles; and shall by day carry in a vertical line, one over the other, not less than six feet apart, where they can best be seen, two black balls or shapes each not less than two feet in diameter.

(b) An aircraft on the water which is not under command shall carry, where they can best be seen, two red lights in a vertical line, one over the other, not less than six feet apart, and of such a character as to be visible all around the horizon at a distance of at least three miles. If making way, she shall show, in addition, her running lights; if not making way, she shall not show them.

(c) A vessel employed in laying or in picking up a submarine cable shall carry, in lieu of the lights required in § 4.51 (a) and (b), three lights in a vertical line, one over the other, not less than six feet apart. The highest and lowest of these lights shall be red, and the middle light shall be white, and they shall be of such a character as to be visible all around the horizon at a distance of at least three miles. By day she shall carry in a vertical line, one over the other, not less than six feet apart, where they can best be seen, three shapes not less than two feet in diameter, of which the highest and lowest shall be globular in shape and red in color, and the middle one diamond in shape and white.

(d) The vessels and aircraft referred to in this section, when not making way through the water ahead or astern, shall not carry the side lights, but when making way shall carry them.

(e) The lights and shapes required to be shown by this section are to be taken by other vessels as signals that the vessel showing them is not under command and cannot therefore get out of the way.

(f) A vessel employed in the transportation or transfer of inflammable, explosive, or otherwise dangerous commodities shall carry, in addition to her ap

propriate anchor or running lights, but higher than these lights, where it can best be seen, a red light, such light to be visible all around the horizon at a distance of at least three miles. By day she shall display, where it can best be seen, a red flag.

(g) Any piece of Canal floating equipment that is operated by maneuvering lines, shall carry by day when the lines are taut, a black ball on each side in some conspicuous place at least eight feet above the deck, and near the positions of the maneuvering lines; at night these balls shall be replaced by red lights which shall show all around the horizon and be plainly visible at a distance of at least one mile.

When such mooring lines are slacked in such manner as to no longer form an obstruction in the channel, in daylight the black ball on the appropriate side shall be lowered, and at night the red light over the slack wire shall be extinguished.

(h) Whenever a pipe line is laid in navigable waters, it shall be marked at night by red lights at intervals of two hundred feet. The lights marking the limits of the gate shall be a vertical display of a white and a red light, the white light to be at least four feet above the red light. These lights shall show all around the horizon and be visible at least one mile.

(i) Ferryboats shall carry the range lights and the colored side lights required for other steam vessels of their class; except that double-end ferryboats shall carry in addition to the colored side lights and screens prescribed by § 4.51, and in lieu of the range lights prescribed by that section, a central range of clear bright white lights showing all around the horizon placed at equal altitudes forward and aft.

(j) These signals are not signals of vessels in distress and requiring assistance. Such signals are contained in §4.91.

(k) Under no circumstances shall the rays of a searchlight be directed into the pilot house, or so as to interfere with the navigation, of another vessel.

§ 4.54 Same; sailing vessels and aircraft under way; vessels in tow. (a) A sailing vessel under way shall carry the same lights as are prescribed by § 4.51 for a steam vessel under way, with the

exception of the white lights mentioned therein, which she shall never carry. She shall also carry the stern light prescribed by § 4.59.

(b) An aircraft under way on the water shall not carry the lights required for vessels but shall carry, on the right wing tip, a green side light; on the left wing tip, a red side light; and on the after end of the tail, a white stern light. The side lights shall have approximately the same characteristics as the side lights described for a steam vessel in § 4.51 (d) and (e), and the stern light shall not be visible forward of the beam. Any or all of these lights may be pulsating.

(c) Every vessel in a hawser tow astern of the towing vessel, including rafts, shall carry at or near the forward and after ends, respectively, and at approximately the same heights, a white light. These lights shall be so placed in range with each other that they indicate the fore and aft line of the vessel and shall show all around the horizon with a visibility of at least three miles.

(d) A vessel being towed alongside shall carry the lights prescribed for a sailing vessel in paragraph (a) of this section.

(e) A vessel or vessels being towed by pushing ahead shall carry, at the forward end of the tow, on the starboard side a green light and on the port side a red light, which shall have the same characteristics as the lights described in § 4.51 (d) and (e) and shall be screened as provided in § 4.51 (f).

§ 4.55 Same; availability and display of sidelights when not fixed. Whenever, as in the case of small vessels under way during bad weather, the green and red side lights cannot be fixed, these lights shall be kept at hand lighted and ready for use; and shall, on the approach of or to other vessels, be exhibited on their respective sides in sufficient time to prevent collision, in such manner as to make them most visible, and so that the green light shall not be seen on the port side nor the red light on the starboard side, nor, if practicable, more than two points abaft the beam on their respective sides.

To make the use of these portable lights more certain and easy, the lanterns containing them shall be painted outside with the color of the light they respectively contain, and shall be provided with proper screens.

§ 4.56 Same; small vessels. Steam vessels of less than forty, and vessels under oars or sails of less than twenty gross tons, respectively, and rowing boats when under way, shall not be required to carry the lights mentioned in §§ 4.51 and 4.54 (a), but if they do not carry them they shall be provided with the following lights:

(a) Steam vessels of less than forty tons shall carry:

(1) In the forward half of the vessel where it can best be seen, a bright white light constructed and fixed as prescribed in § 4.51 (a), and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least three miles.

(2) Green and red lights constructed and fixed as prescribed in § 4.51 (d) and (e), and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least two miles, or a combined lantern showing a green light and a red light from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on their respective sides. Such lantern shall be carried not less than three feet below the white light.

(b) Vessels of less than twenty tons under oars or sails shall, if they do not carry the side lights, carry, where it can best be seen, a lantern showing a green light on one side and a red light on the other, of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least one mile, so that the green light shall not be seen on the port side nor the red light on the starboard side: Provided, That, where it is not possible to fix this light, it shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision.

(c) Small rowing boats, whether under oars or sail, shall only be required to have ready at hand an electric torch or a lighted lantern showing a white light which shall be temporarily exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision.

(d) The vessels referred to in this section shall not be obliged to carry the lights prescribed by §§ 4.53 (a) and 4.60 (e).

§ 4.57 Same; pilot vessels. (a) Sailing pilot vessels, when engaged on their station on pilotage duty, and not at anchor, shall not show the lights required for other vessels, but shall carry a white light at the masthead, visible all around the horizon at a distance of at least three miles, and shall also exhibit a flare-up light or flare-up lights at short intervals, which shall never exceed ten minutes.

On the near approach of or to other vessels they shall have their side lights lighted, ready for use, and shall flash or show them at short intervals to indicate the direction in which they are heading, but the green light shall not be shown on the port side, nor the red light on the starboard side.

A sailing pilot vessel of such a class as to be obliged to go alongside of a vessel to put a pilot on board may show the white light instead of carrying it at the masthead, and may, instead of the side lights above mentioned, have at hand, ready for use, a lantern with a green glass on the one side and a red glass on the other, to be used as prescribed in this paragraph.

(b) A steam pilot vessel, when engaged on her station on pilotage duty, and not at anchor, shall, in addition to the lights and flares required for sailing pilot vessels, carry at a distance of eight feet below her white masthead light, a red light, visible all around the horizon at a distance of at least three miles, and also the side lights required to be carried by vessels when under way.

(c) All pilot vessels, when engaged on their stations on pilotage duty, and at anchor, shall carry the lights and show the flares prescribed above, except that the side lights shall not be shown. When not engaged on their stations on pilotage duty they shall carry the same lights as other vessels of their class and tonnage, whether at anchor or not at anchor.

§ 4.58 Same; fishing vessels. Fishing vessels under way, with fishing gear out, shall carry where they can best be seen a red and a white light, each of such character and so placed as to be visible all around the horizon for a distance of at least two miles. The red light shall be between six and twelve feet higher than the white light and the horizontal distance between them, if any, shall not exceed ten feet.

§ 4.59 Same; stern light of vessels under way. A vessel when under way, except a steam vessel less than one hundred feet in length with an after range light showing all around the horizon, shall carry at her stern a white light, so constructed and screened that it shall show an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of twelve points of the compass, namely, for six points from right aft on each side of the vessel, and of such a character as to be visible at a

distance of at least two miles. Such light shall be carried as nearly as practicable on the same level as the side lights.

In a small vessel, if it is not possible on account of bad weather or other sufficient cause for this light to be fixed, an electric torch or a lighted lantern shall be kept at hand ready for use, and shall, on the approach of an overtaking vessel, be shown in sufficient time to prevent collision.

§ 4.60 Same; vessels and aircraft at anchor, moored, or aground. (a) A vessel under one hundred and fifty feet in length, when at anchor, shall carry forward, where it can best be seen, a white light, in a lantern so constructed as to show a clear, uniform, and unbroken light visible all around the horizon at a distance of at least three miles.

(b) A vessel of one hundred and fifty feet or upward in length, when at anchor, shall carry in the fore part of the vessel, where it can best be seen, one such light, and at or near the stern of the vessel, and at such a height that it shall be not less than fifteen feet lower than the forward light, another such light.

(c) Between sunrise and sunset every vessel when at anchor shall carry forward, where it can best be seen, one black ball not less than two feet in diameter.

(d) A vessel moored alongside a wharf or at the side of the Canal and every vessel in a nest which is so moored shall display on the outside of the vessel, at the bow and stern, respectively, a white light visible at least one mile.

(e) A vessel aground shall carry by night the above light or lights and the two red lights prescribed by § 4.53 (a), and by day, where they can best be seen, three black balls, each not less than two feet in diameter, placed in a vertical line one over the other, not less than six feet apart.

(f) An aircraft, when at anchor, shall carry a white light forward, visible all around the horizon at a distance of at least three miles; and in addition, if the aircraft is more than one hundred and fifty feet in length, a white light aft, visible all around the horizon at a distance of at least three miles; and in addition, if the aircraft is more than one hundred and fifty feet in span, a white light on each side to demarcate the maximum lateral dimensions and visible, so far as practicable, all around the horizon at a distance of one mile.

(g) An aircraft aground shall show an anchor light or lights as prescribed in paragraph (e) of this section and in addition two red lights in a vertical line, at least three feet apart, so placed as to be visible all around the horizon.

§ 4.61 Same; signals to attract attention. Every vessel, in addition to the lights which she is by §§ 4.48 to 4.93, inclusive, required to carry, may, in order to attract attention, show a flare-up light or use any detonating or other efficient sound signal that cannot be mistaken for a distress signal, danger signal, or fog signal.

§ 4.62 Same; war ships and vessels in convoy. Nothing in §§ 4.48 to 4.93, inclusive, shall interfere with the operation of any special rules made by the government of any nation with respect to additional station and signal lights for two or more ships of war or for vessels sailing under convoy, or with the exhibition of recognition signals adopted by shipowners, which have been authorized by their respective governments and duly registered and published.

§ 4.63 Daytime signal of vessel both under sail and machinery. A vessel proceeding under sail, when also propelled by machinery, shall carry in the daytime forward, where it can best be seen, one black cone, point upwards, not less than two feet in diameter at its base.

§ 4.64 Sound signals; how given; signals for fog, etc. A steam vessel shall be provided with an efficient whistle, sounded by steam or by some substitute for steam, so placed that the sound may not be intercepted by any obstruction, and with an efficient fog horn, to be sounded by mechanical means, and also with an efficient bell. In all cases where the rules require a bell to be used, a drum may be substituted on board Turkish vessels, or a gong where such articles are used on board small seagoing vessels. A sailing vessel of twenty gross tons or upward shall be provided with a similar fog horn and bell.

All signals prescribed by this section for vessels under way shall be given: By "steam vessels" on the whistle. By "sailing vessels" on the fog horn. By vessels towed on the whistle or fog horn.

The words "prolonged blast" used in this section shall mean a blast of from four to six seconds' duration.

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