XLI. This Treaty of Peace, concluded between the Emperor of Morocco and the King of England, shall be published to the Subjects of both Parties, that the Conditions may not be concealed, and Copies shall be given to the Governors and Commissioners of Imports and Exports of the Emperor of Morocco, and to the Captains of his Cruizers, this being the end of the above-mentioned Articles, concluded on the foregoing date, which corresponds with the 14th June, 1801, of the birth of Jesus, the Messiah, Son of Mary. to Him.

Peace

(L.S.) MULEY SOLIMAN.

TREATIES of Alliance and Commerce between Great Britain and Portugal; subsisting between the Two Powers in 1814.

(1.)—TREATY of Peace, Friendship, and Alliance between England and Portugal.-Signed at London, 16th June, 1373.

(Translation.)

WE, William Lord Latimer, of the Army, Baron and Royal Chamberlain, and Thomas Youngman, Officer of the Court of Canterbury, Proctors and Negotiators of the Most Illustrious Prince, and our most dread Lord, the Lord Edward, by the grace of God King of England and France, being especially appointed to the transaction mentioned hereinafter, give to all who shall inspect what is set forth in this parchment, prosperity in the Lord under every vicissitude, and at all times, praying them to yield full credit to the Presents.

Whereas the Fidalgo John Ferdinand de Andeiro, of the Army, and the Venerable and Discreet Senhor Velasco Domingo, Precentor of the Cathedral of Braga, deputed by the Illustrious and Magnificent Prince the Lord Ferdinand, by the grace of God King of Portugal and Algarve, and by the Most Illustrious Lady Eleanor, Queen and Consort of the same, did, some time ago, come personally, as Ambassadors, Proctors, and Special Messengers, to the presence of the above-mentioned Lord our King, in order to manifest the Alliances, Unions, Confederacies, and Leagues of pure affection reciprocally entered into, contracted and ordained, between the said King of Portugal and the Queen, and the Illustrious and Magnificent Prince, the Lord John, by the grace of God King of Castile and Leon, Duke of Lancaster, the very dear Son of our said Lord the King of England, and the sentiments of sincere affection derived not only thence but from the bonds of near consanguinity and ancient friendship between them and their Ancestors, of revered memory, which affection the said King and Queen of Portugal had cherished, and would ever

cherish, from their hearts, as well towards the person of the said Lord our King, as towards his Sons and rights, and to their Subjects, ardently wishing their welfare and honour, and desirous to make a firm stand against the malice of their Enemies, and the fraudulent machinations and designs wickedly conceived against the aforesaid King our Lord, and against his Sons, Realm, Dominions, Lands, and Subjects, as also cordially solicitous to enter into, contract, and agree upon Amities, Alliances, Unions, good Confederacies, and Leagues of pure love, with our Lord the King, and with his first-born Son, the Lord Edward, Prince of Wales, and with the other Sons of the same Lord our King (with whom they had not yet formed any Alliances), with the Kingdom of England, and all his future Successors in the said Kingdom of England; and, finally, with the other Lands, Dominions, or Places, and his faithfully obedient Vassals and Subjects, against all Men that may live or die, of whatever station, condition, rank, or dignity they may be, and against their Kingdoms, Dominions, Lands, and Provinces, (alone, and especially excepting and preserving intact and inviolate the State of the Apostolic See, and of our Lord the Pope,) all which they most courteously stated, not only by word of mouth, but by exhibiting and presenting Letters from the aforesaid Lord the King and the Lady Queen, his Consort, and also by producing a Public Warrant, issued out of a certain Proctor's Office, and provided with the Seals of the said King and Queen, containing a power bestowed upon and granted them by the same King and Queen, of concluding, contracting, executing, and with their signatures duly confirming, the said Alliances, in lieu, and in the names of, their abovementioned Masters, with the addition of such Articles, Stipulations, Agreements, Conditions, and Clauses as they shall deem beneficial to either Party and to their Kingdoms, Lands, Provinces, Dominions, and Subjects, according as any Person, looking into the said Warrant, may more clearly and more fully understand; repeatedly soliciting our above-mentioned Lord the King to declare, express, and intimate to them his will and pleasure relative to the preceding matters. Thereupon, our Lord the King, having kindly seen and willingly heard all and every one of the preceding subjects as submitted and presented by the same, and having diligently pondered and duly considered them, did within himself maturely reflect, how noble and how worthy of a King it would be to requite this sincere Royal affection thus spontaneously and liberally proffered, by not only properly extolling and returning thanks for it, but by displaying similar or even greater good will; and what a safeguard and unfailing help in arduous and disastrous times, and how glorious in prosperity it is for Kings and Princes to be mutually connected by Alliances, Unions, and Leagues of pure affection, inasmuch as, by their means, the prosperity and glory of Princes and Realms, after being raised to the highest pitch,

are preserved in uninterrupted tranquillity, the welfare and safety of the Subject promoted, the malignity and secret machinations of Enemies frequently defeated, and, finally, numerous dangers anticipated, or, through good advice, hindered from overwhelming Men in unexpected ruin, as may best be learnt from that infallible instructor, the experience of past calamities; and after maturely deliberating on what precedes with the Prelates and Nobles of his Kingdom, did, by their unanimous advice, appoint us, the before-mentioned William and Thomas, to be his true and lawful Proctors, Negotiators, and the organ of his voice, as is more amply set forth in the open Letters of Attorney, made out accordingly, and sealed with his Great Royal Seal (whose beginning and conclusion are recited hereinafter) to the end that we should, in his stead and name, as well as in those of his Kingdom of England, of his Successors in the said Kingdom, of its Lands, Dominions, Provinces, and of all his faithfully obedient Vassals and Subjects, negotiate, arrange, execute, and provide with sufficient security, Alliances, Friendships, Unions, good Confederacies, and Leagues of pure affection, with the before-noticed Fidalgo Senhor John Ferdinand, of the Army, and with the venerable and discreet Senhor Velasco Domingo, Precentor of the Cathedral of Braga, the Proctors and Messengers of the aforesaid King and Queen, specially deputed hither, in the places and names of the same, as also of those of the Kingdoms of Portugal and Algarve, and of the Lands, Dominions, Vassals, and all other Subjects faithfully obeying the said King of Portugal, with the addition and insertion of the Clauses, Articles, Compacts, Agreements, and Conditions which we shall, at any future period, for purposes of utility, prosperity, and honour, deem conducive to both Parties and to their Successors, Kingdoms, Lands, Dominions, Provinces, Vassals, and Subjects as aforesaid.

We, on our part, anxious strictly to obey the Royal Orders of our aforesaid Liege Lord, as our fidelity requires, and duly to execute what in this respect belongs to our duty, in virtue of the Power conferred upon us to this effect, and of the trust which we have assumed, after sufficient deliberation, contract, make and establish with the Ambassadors above-mentioned, who have expressly consented to it in lieu and in the names of the Persons before stated, in manner and form hereinafter set forth, Alliances, Confederacies, Friendships, Unions, and Leagues of sincere affection, which, under favour of the Most High, shall for evermore inviolably be observed.

ART. I. In the first place, we settle and covenant that there shall be from this day forward between our abovesaid Lord Edward, King of England and France, and the Lord Ferdinand King of Portugal and Algarve, and the Lady Eleanor Queen and his Consort, their Successors in the aforesaid Kingdoms of England and Portugal, and their Realms, Lands, Dominions, Provinces, Vassals,

and Subjects faithfully obeying them, whatsoever, true, faithful, constant, mutual, and perpetual Friendships, Unions, Alliances, and Leagues of sincere affection, and that as true and faithful Friends they shall henceforth reciprocally be Friends to Friends, and Enemies to Enemies, and shall assist, maintain, and uphold each other mutually by sea and by land against all Men that may live or die, of whatever dignity, station, rank, or condition they may be, and against their Lands, Realms, and Dominions.

They shall strive for and preserve, as much as in them lies, the personal safety, security, interest, and honour, and the harmlessness, conservation and restitution of their rights, property, effects, and Friends, wheresoever they be.

They shall everywhere faithfully prevent the hurts and injuries, disgrace or baseness which they know or which one Party knows to be at any future time intended or contemplated against the other Party, and shall provide remedies for them; and they shall as expeditiously as may be, by Letters or Messengers, or in any better way which they can contrive, without reserve and fully inform, forewarn, and usefully counsel the other Party against whom such things are meditating, relative to what has just been mentioned.

II. Also, neither Party shall form friendships with the Enemies, Rivals or Persecutors of the other Party; or knowingly himself or through others advise, aid or favour the Enemies, Rivals or Persecutors of the other Party, to his detriment, hurt or prejudice; or gratify them in any way, receive them into his Kingdom or Kingdoms, Lands, Dominions, Provinces or Places, or knowingly suffer them to be gratified, received, countenanced or harboured, either publicly or privately under any specious excuses, contrivances or pretexts; without, however, including under the denomination of Enemies, Rivals or Persecutors, such as shall now or hereafter for any reason whatsoever have fled, been exiled, or banished from the Kingdom, or from the other Provinces, Lands, Dominions or Places of either of the same Kings, but, on the contrary, declaring it lawful reciprocally to grant to such Persons reception and countenance in the Kingdom, and in any Lands and Places subjected to the other King, unless indeed such Fugitives, Exiles and Outlaws shall have been capitally convicted of High Treason, and as Traitors to the King and the Kingdom, or shall lie under the suspicion of having afforded occasion for reasonable fear of their design to compass the hurt, disgrace, injury or exasperation of both Parties or of either of them, so that they ought to be justly avoided as Foes and Persecutors; in which case either Party, on being required by the other, shall be obliged either to deliver up such Men as have been before described, if demanded, to the requiring Party, or to expel, banish or dismiss them from his vicinity, his Kingdoms, Dominions and Lands.

III. Also if the Kingdom, Lands, Dominions, or Places of the other Party should happen to be infested, oppressed, or invaded by sea or by land by Enemies, Persecutors or Rivals, or if these Enemies should at least purpose, prepare, or in any manner appear anxious to infest, oppress or invade, and the other Party, or his Successors, be through that Party against whom similar attempts are making, by Letters or by trusty Messengers applied to for assistance or succour of Troops, Archers, Slingers, Ships, Galleys sufficiently armed for War, or any other kind of defence (provided such defence, or any of those before mentioned, exist or be used in the Kingdom of which the above succour is demanded), then shall the said Party so required bonâ fide furnish, supply and send the said succour to the requiring Party for the protection of the Kingdom menaced with such invasions, or of the other Provinces, Dominions or Places, and for the recovery of them when lost by the like invasions, against the said Enemies, Invaders or Persecutors, or against such as intend to invade or persecute, of whatever station, condition, rank and dignity they may be, as often as, and whenever such Party shall, without great injury to his Country, be able to spare a certain proportion of armed Troops, Archers, Slingers, Ships and Galleys sufficiently supplied with all requisites and other kinds of defence (except when their price is excessive or they are needed in the Country), at the cost, expense and pay of the Party requiring, to be strictly estimated by 4 Military Men of experience or able and discreet Members of the Legal Profession (of whom 2 are to be deputed or chosen by each Party) according to the quality of the Individuals to be sent, and their grades, to the circumstances of the times, and to the markets of the Places in which the Persons dispatched shall have to exert their valour or military skill, within such time as, after the aforesaid requisition, a similar succour ought to be prepared and sent, regard being had both to the pressing occasion of the Party requiring, and to the possibility of the Party called upon being able to complete his preparations, it being understood that throughout these proceedings no duplicity and unfairness shall appear, but that the strait path of equitable dealing and benignity shall be pursued.

Furthermore, to the end that the above, collectively and singly, may really be fulfilled and faithfully observed, we the aforesaid Proctors, in lieu and in the names of those above mentioned, promise bonâ fide and take our Oath on the Soul of our said Lord the King of England by touching the holy Gospels; that he, our Lord the King, will with all his might and senses keep, fulfil, and inviolably observe, in whole and in part, the above-written Alliances, Friendships, Unions, Confederacies, and Conventions, and all the Articles and Clauses of them (provided always that they do not interfere with former Alliances), will cause them to be kept, fulfilled, and inviolably observed,