Southern and slave territory-if a son of Virginia, with an organized government, cannot make good his stand, and, moreover, acquire for his section a fair share of the public property of all kinds, what, alas! may not be said, not only of the sons of Virginia, but also of the sons of the whole South, of the nineteenth century?

The Constitution has been ever good enough for the Southern States has been always, and is, still, beloved and respected-in all things sufficient in itself, without change, to secure our prosperity and happiness-and amply adequate to the wants and habits of our Southern nature. We cling to it still, and are determined, if possible, to perpetuate it. Let those who have found it necessary to violate and abrogate it to enable them to compass and carry out their ends in life and gov ernment, improve or renew it to suit their Yankee nature to their heart's content-but not at our expense. Like Shylock, they can buy with us Chr stians, and can sell with us, but cannot live together, under the same Constitution. It is in vain to make further efforts to do so. But at the same time it is not absolutely necessary that we should fight; and the probabilities are very strong that, when brought face to face, as above proposed, each with plenty of work on hand for settlement, each section would come to the conclusion that its interests, would be infinitely more advanced by negotiation with, than by war upon, cach other.

ART. IV-THE CITIES OF GEORGIA.

SAVANNAH, THE PRINCIPAL SEAPORT OF GEORGIA.

COLONIAL and Revolutionary reminiscences of deep interest cluster around the history of the flourishing city of Savannah. General James Edward Oglethorpe first landed here, and founded the colony of Georgia.

In November, 1732, he embarked for Georgia with 116 settlers, and on the 13th of January, 1733, his ships anchored outside of the bar at Charleston, S. C. The governor of South Carolina received him with marked kindness. After partaking of his hospitality for a few days he reëmbarked, and arrived at Yamacraw, where he laid out this city. Its location is in many respects, the most favorable, that could have been selected, and proves the practical knowledge of its founder. It stands upon a bluff, forty feet above low-water

mark, is bounded by a beautiful stream, navigable at all seasons for the largest sized vessels, and affording a depth of water of thirty feet on the bar, and thence to the city seventeen feet. The city is eighteen miles distant from the Atlantic ocean, completely secured from inundation, and its harbor from nautical gales.

Colonial documents and traditions connected with the arrival of Oglethorpe, and his associates, and the settlement of Georgia, show that the benevolent founders gave their time, energy, and money, for promoting the welfare of others, asking and expecting no other reward than what arises from virtuous impulses.

The annals of no nation point to more glorious and noble actions.

General Oglethorpe soon made friends with the Indians, and through the intercession of a squaw, named Musgrove, who married a Carolinian, and who understood the English language, he was enabled to communicate freely with them. Accordingly, a general meeting of the chiefs was called at Savannah, at which he informed them that the whites had no intention of depriving them of their land. Presents were distributed and a treaty of peace and amity was formed. Prominent among the first contributors to build up this then infant colony, were Colonel Bull, Captain McPherson, Mr. Bellinger, Mr. Whitaker, Mr. St. Julien, Mr. Barlow and Captain Odingsell.

The first battle was fought at Savannah between the British and colonists on the 25th of December, 1778, in which the Americans lost 83 killed.

After this fight, many of the citizens of Savannah who took no part in the action, were barbarously bayoneted in the streets, and others, who refused to enlist in their service, were confined in prison-ships, among whom were Hon. Jonathan Bryan, Rev. Moses Allen, Mordecai Sheftall, Esq., Sheftall Sheftall, Esq., Edward Davis, Esq., Dr. George Wells, David Moses Vallotton, Esq., and James Bryan, Esq.

On the 11th of July, 1782, the British forces evacuated Savannah, having occupied it for three years and a half, and Col. James Jackson was appointed to receive the keys.

During this siege, Colonel John White, an Englishman by birth, of Irish descent, and at one time a surgeon in the British navy, effected one of the most extraordinary captures in the annals of warfare.

Captain French, with five vessels, and his command,

numbering 111 soldiers, and possessing 130 stand of arms, being detained on the Ogeechee river, twenty-five miles from Savannah, Col. John White, with a party consisting of seven in all, formed a plan to capture them, and disclosed it to his associates. It was this: He built many fires around his camp, placing them at such intervals, as to induce the enemy to believe that he was surrounded by a large force. This deception was kept up through the night by White and his companions, marching from fire to fire with the measured tread and the loud challenge of sentinels. The delusion was complete. White demanded a conference with French, and, addressing him, he said: '

"Sir, I am the commander of the American soldiers in your vicinity. If you will surrender at once to me, I will see to it, that no injury is done to you or your command. If you decline to do this, I must candidly inform you that the feelings of my troops are highly incensed against you, and I can by no means be responsible for any consequences that may ensue."

French thanked him for his humanity, and said that it was useless to contend with fate, or with so large a force as was around him, and announced his willingness to surrender his arms, his vessels, and his men.

At this instant Captain A. E. Elholm came dashing up and saluting White, inquired where he should place the artillery. "Keep them back, keep them back, sir," answered White, "the British have surrendered! Move your men off, and send me three guides to conduct them to the American post." The three guides arrived. The five vessels were burned, and the British, urged by White to keep clear of his men, pushed on with great celerity, while White retired with one or two companions, stating that he would go to his troops in the rear and restrain them. He then employed himself in collecting the neighboring militia, with which he overtook his guides and conducted his prisoners to the post at Sanbury.

In this connection we may mention also, as an extraordinary military rescue, the incident which has rendered immortal the name of Sergeant William Jasper, of the 2d South Carolina regiment. Bravery and humanity were his chief characteristics, and while he was active in the cause of his country, he never injured an enemy unnecessarily.

While out upon one of his excursions, when the British had a camp at Ebenezer, all the sympathies of his heart were aroused by the distress of a Mrs. Jones, whose husband, an American by birth, was confined in irons for deserting the royal cause after taking a protection. She felt certain that

he would be hanged, for, with others, he was to be taken to Savannah for that purpose the next morning. Jasper and his only companion, Sergeant Newton, resolved to rescue Jones and his fellow-prisoners. Concealing themselves in the thick bushes near the spring (at which they doubted not the guard of eight men would halt), they awaited their approach. As expected, the guard halted to drink. Only two of them remained with the prisoners, while the others, leaning their muskets against a tree, went to the spring. Jasper and his companion then leaped from their concealment, seized two of the guns, shot the two sentinels, and took possession of the remainder of the muskets. The guards, unarmed, were powerless, and surrendered. The irons were knocked off the wrists of the prisoners, muskets were placed in their hands, and the custodians of Jones and his fellow-patriots were taken to the American camp at Perrysburg the next morning, themselves prisoners-of-war. Jones was restored to his wife, child, and country. For that noble deed posterity blesses the name of Sergeant William Jasper.

But to return to Savannah. The population is 25,000. The long, level streets are rendered remarkably pleasant by lines of trees along their sides, and in the widest through their middle, shading the traveller from the Southern sun, and affording delightful walks at all times of the day.

Shady parks are intersperced more frequently in this than any other American city. Among other splendid trees the pride of China holds a conspicuous rank.

Two beautiful monuments adorn one of its principal streets: one erected in Monterey square, on the 11th October, 1853, to the memory of Count Casimer Pulaski, and the other in Johnston's square, in memory of General Nathanael Greene. The corner-stones of both were laid in Johnston's square, during the visit of General Lafayette, on the 21st day of March, 1825, and the one particularly intended for Count Pulaski, was subsequently removed to the present site. The former is 55 feet high, on one side of which is the representation of a soldier losing his life fighting; wounded, he falls from his horse, while still grasping his sword. The coat-of-arms of Poland and Georgia, surrounded by branches of laurels, ornaments the cornice on two sides; they stand together, while the eagle, emblem of Liberty, Independence, and Courage, rests on both, bidding proud defiance-the eagle being the symbolic bird of Poland and America. The cannon reversed on the corners of the die, are emblematical of military loss and mourning, while they

give the monument a strong military character. The shaft is surmounted by a highly elaborate cap, which adds loftiness and grandeur to the structure. The whole is surmounted by a statue of Liberty, holding the American flag. The garlands surrounding the column show that Liberty, now, is a young and blooming maiden surrounded with flowers. The public

is mainly indebted to Major Wm. P. Bowen, for superintending the erection of this monument, which is of the finest Italian white marble, with a base (two steps and lower plinth) of granite, and built by Mr. Launitz, of New York. On the south side is the following inscription:

PULASKI,

THE HEROIC POLE,

who fell, mortally wounded, fighting for American liberty at the siege of Savannah, 9TH OCTOBER, 1779.

The latter monument, in Johnston's square, is a plain, freestone shaft, without ornament or inscription, and about sixty feet in height. It is in contemplation to substitute for this an equestrian statue of General Nathanael Greene.

Among the prominent public buildings, we would mention: The chaste and beautiful custom-house, of granite, built by the liberality of the general government; the same being fireproof throughout.

The old exchange, situated on the bay, fronting Bull street, and constructed of brick, presents a venerable appearance.

The Savannah poor-house and hospital, a commodious structure, situated on the southeastern part of the Commons. It is under the management of a board of directors, who have made the most ample provision for the comfort of its inmates.

The first floor is designed spacious halls and anterooms, &c. The cost of

The St. Andrew's Hall, situated on the south side of Broughton street, is 60 by 90 ft. for stores; upon the second are rooms; and on the third are dinner this building was $27,000.

The hall of the Georgia Historical Society is a beautiful building, and admirably adapted for the purpose intended. The jail, arsenal, guard-house, and numerous parks and churches, display the characteristic enterprise and liberality of the citizens.

The city contains one Roman Catholic, one Lutheran, one Independent Presbyterian, one Presbyterian, and one Unitari