centuries as the McIntoshes, the McDonalds, the McLeans, and the Camerons, it at least must have been actively engaged in those strifes. The McKinlays were Covenanters, and so subject to all the persecutions that the Scottish Covenanters suffered, and the changes they endured, and, like other Scots, their hearts swelled at the thought of the death of Wallace and the triumphs of Bruce. In the Dean of Linsmore's book, a collection belonging to the early part of the sixteenth century, there are two poems ascribed to Gillecallum Mac an Ollaimh, and the translator states that the name signifies Malcom, the son of the chief bard or the physician. It is stated also in a footnote that the name is still found in the form McInally, but McKinlay, which was the name of the clan later known to history, is more commonly, and, considering recent investigations, with abundant reasons, regarded as being derived from the name Finlay. The most reliable genealogical history makes the earliest ancestor of whom there is any record Constantine Macduff, Earl of Fife, who killed Macbeth, thus by heroic conduct creating the basis for Shakespeare's immortal tragedy. The second son of the third earl was called MacIntosh, from whom the clan McIntosh may have descended. In the seventeenth generation appeared Finlay, who fell at the battle of Pinkie in 1547, and whose eldest son William was called MacKinlay. His family settled at The Annie, Gaelic for "The Ford of the Stag," near Callander, Perthshire, Scotland, about 1600. There about 1645 was born John McKinlay whose second son was named James. James it was, who became, as family tradition states, a great and mighty man of valor, known as "McKinlay the Trooper." To him 66 the ancestry of William McKinley of to-day has been traced. The crest of the clan was an armed arm, holding a branch of olive; the motto was Not too much.” The tartan was a sombre plaid of green and blue with a larger plaid of narrow red stripes. Outside of the mention of the name of the McKinlays in some of the old manuscripts there is nothing until the time of Robert Burns, who mentions the name in "The Ordination" and "Tam Samson's Elegy." The McKinlay he sang about is said to be buried not far from the tomb of Burns, alongside that of Tam Samson. He must have been a Scotch contemporary of the McKinleys who came to this country, for it is claimed his ordination actually took place April 6, 1786. By the death of a moderate clergyman in Kilmarnock there was much excitement lest a “high-flier ” instead of a moderate should be appointed to the place by the patron. Rev. James McKinley was of the zealous party, and Burns, to console the moderates, composed the poem containing an anticipatory view of the ceremony. This Reverend McKinlay had become a great favorite by the time Burns wrote "Tam Samson's Elegy," beginning: Has auld Kilmarnock seen the deil? Or great M'Kinlay thrawn his heel? To preach and read ? "Na, waur than a'!" cries ilka chiel "Tam Samson's dead! The change in the spelling of McKinlay to McKinley is explained by the reply Major McKinley himself made when the descendants of "the clan " held their meeting at the World's Fair, Chicago, to a lady of the same name, but spelled in the old way. "Your ancestors of the McKinlay clan," he said, “ came to this country directly from Scotland, while mine came from the north of Ireland, but we are all of the same stock." It appears that "McKinlay the Trooper" went to Ireland and took part in the Battle of the Boyne, fought July 1, 1690, acting as a guide to the victorious army of William III. He may have returned to his clan in Scotland, but probably he settled there in Ireland and became the ancestor of the Scotch-Irish McKinleys. The Scottish McKinlays preserved their clan in the Highlands till after the battle at Culloden Moor" Culloden! which reeks with the blood of the brave ”- when Charles the Pretender was overthrown and the last hope of the restoration of the Stuart dynasty was extinguished. The hereditary jurisdictions of the chiefs were transferred to the crown, the garb of the Highlanders was forbidden by law, the dread of the clansmen died away, and many of them fled to America, where their descendants still write their names McKinlay. It was about this time that a McKinley, probably the son of "McKinlay the Trooper," for he was born in 1708 in the north of Ireland, came to this country with two boys, James, twelve years old, and William, who was still younger. These boys founded two branches of the McKinley family, one in the southern, and the other in the northern States. The southern branch descended from William McKinley, and settled in Maryland. One member of this branch became an associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States-John McKinley from Alabama, who served on the bench from 1837 to 1852, and died in office. The branch from which the William McKinley of to-day is descended was founded by James McKinley, the other brother, who settled in York county, Pennsylvania, probably very soon after his arrival in this country, for there is a record of a son having been born to him May 16, 1755, and this son, David McKinley, was the McKinley of the Revolution, and the great-grandfather of the Ohio states man. The official records of the Bureau of Pensions show that David McKinley enlisted in June, 1776, as a private, from Chanceford, Pennsylvania. Short enlistments were the rule in the Revolution, and it is found that David McKinley enlisted eight times, serving usually for two months only, but reinlisting at the expiration of each service, and altogether serving for nearly two years in the war. He was in active service, engaged in the defense of Fort Paulishook, and the skirmishes of Amboy and Chestnut Hill. At some time in his service he was wounded. After the war he returned to Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, where he lived fifteen years. On December 19, 1780, about two years after his honorable discharge from the army, he married Sarah Gray, who was born May 10, 1760. It is a notable fact that however severe the wound he received in service, he did not apply for a pension until August 15, 1832, fifty-four years after he was mustered out, and in the seventy-seventh year of his age. His first wife, Sarah, died October 6, 1814, and one year later he was married to Eleanor McLean, and at about the same time he settled in Columbiana county, Ohio. He had previously lived a short time in Mercer county, Pennsylvania. It is probable that he moved to Ohio with one of his ten children, then grown to manhood, and seeking a fortune in the new and unsettled West. His second wife died in 1835 without issue, and David McKinley himself lived five years longer, the date of his death being recorded as August 8, 1840. His grandson, William McKinley, Sr., and the father of the William McKinley of today, was then a man of thirty-three. David McKinley was buried in an old cemetery at Bucyrus, Crawford county, Ohio, in a lot purchased by William McKinley, Sr. Probably he was living with his grandson near New Lisbon at the time of his death, for James McKinley, son of David, and grandfather of William McKinley, Jr., moved to New Lisbon in 1809, and here it was, so the family traditions state, that later the father of the present William McKinley "worked in Gideon Hughes's furnace." James McKinley and his wife both died on the same day - the former at sixty-two years of age, and the latter at fifty-eight, and were buried in the same grave, in a cemetery near South Bend, Ind. William McKinley's grandfather, as well as his father, was a furnace worker, or a furnace blower, as they were called. It is said that he ran a charcoal furnace in Lisbon, Ohio, away back in the "thirties," and was a staunch Whig and ardent advocate of a protective tariff. Western Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio had become famous as iron-producing regions, even under the crude methods that were then applied to the industry. It is certain that William McKinley's father began work in an iron furnace at an early age, and continued in that business throughout his active life. Turning now to the ancestry of William McKinley on |