as follows: Maine, 485; New Hampshire, 231: Vermont, 245; Massachusetts, 336; Rhode Island, 34; Connecticut, 163. In one or two States there is a discrepancy between the votes of some towns and counties, and the total official vote. In these cases errors of omission, or mistakes were made by town officers in the names of candidates, and the votes were credited to "scattering," or omitted altogether.

The compiler has given

such votes as they should have been returned.

In addition to the census and election returns of New England towns, other, and by no means secondary, features of the "Manual," it is trusted, will prove convenient and useful: such as the popular vote of all the States taking part in the elections for President in 1860 and 1864; popular vote at most recent elections; times of elections; area of each State and population in 1850 and 1860, with the classes at the latter period; Governors of States; United States Government, with the majority for each Representative in Congress at his last election; History of Impeachment; summary of the proceedings of the Republican and Democratic National Conventions, the platform adopted by each, sketches of the candidates, with the sentiments of each as presented in his letter of acceptance, &c.

It has been the purpose of the author to make this "Manual" acceptable as a work of reference, alike to Democrats, Conservatives, Republicans and Radicals, by omitting everything that might give it a partizan character; and it is sent forth with the hope that it may to some extent benefit every one into whose hands it may chance to fall.

Lowell, July, 1868.

NEW ENGLAND.

Though relatively only a small section of the great American Union, New England has a larger territory than the kingdom of Portugal, is two-thirds as large as Italy, one-third as large as Spain, and half as large as England and Ireland combined. Maine exceeds in territorial extent Bavaria with its four and one-half millions of people, is twice as large as Switzerland with its two and one-half millions of inhabitants, and more than twice as large as Holland with its three and onehalf millions of Dutchmen, and is nearly three times as large as Hanover. Saxony, with less than two-thirds the territorial extent of New Hampshire, has six times as large a population. Vermont and Rhode Island united are equal in extent to Belgium, with its four and one half millions of souls; and Wurtemburg, with less territory than Massachusetts, has half a million more people. The State of Connecticut is larger than the Roman States, the dominion of Pius Ninth.

Constant, powerful and well rewarded efforts have been made and are still making, through the medium of the press, by lecturers, emigrant_aid societies, agents and circulars to convince New England people that happiness, prosperity and wealth are sure anywhere and everywhere save in the East. Nor have our own officials and citizens always endeavored to combat these ideas and efforts; for it is only a few years since that a patriotic, and now lamented, Governor of a New England State, in his annual message to the Legislature, recommended the adoption of some measure to aid young women to leave the State and seek homes elsewhere.

These arguments and efforts have had their influence not only to induce natives of New England to immigrate, and to a great extent decrease the population in certain localities, as the tables published elsewhere prove, but to turn to some extent the tide which might have increased her population by inducing industrious and thrifty outsiders to settle within her borders. Hundreds of thousands of the young, tens of thousands of

the middle-aged, and thousands of those past the meridian of life, have bid farewell to the homes, associations and scenes of New England, and sought new ones in distant States and Territories. In 1850 the number of persons of New England birth in the United States was 2,821,823, of whom 453,896 resided outside of the six New England States. In 1860 the number of natives of New England had increased to 3,144,598, of whom 560,336 or more than one-sixth-resided elsewhere. The natural increase of natives was, therefore, 322,775, while the immigrants had increased 106,440, showing that the immigration equalled one-third of those born. Taking the estimate for deaths it is safe to say that the number of those leaving New England between the two decennial periods must have been 15,000 or 16,000 annually. The New Englanders resident in New York in 1860 amounted to 177,981, more than the population of Rhode Island that year. Illinois had received 66,093; Wisconsin, 54,340; Ohio, 53,386; Michigan, 38,106; California, 32,269; Pennsylvania, 25,555; Iowa, 25,040; Minnesota, 18,822; Indiana, 12,307, and other States and Territories smaller numbers. The New England population of eight of those called the Western States, increased 100,000 in ten years. Some of these immigrants no doubt improved their condition, but tens of thousands were no better off than when they left their former homes in New England, but want of means or pride have prevented them from returning.

Statistics prove the fact that New England, if older, and by many represented as worn out, gives better returns even for agricultural labor, than some of the newer States. The Virginia Advertiser, published at Lynchburg, in that State, a few months ago, gave some comparisons, which coming from an impartial source is worthy of place here. Under the head of "Some Facts worth Knowing" the Advertiser says :

We have taken the trouble to compile from the Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture, for 1865, the following interesting table, exhibiting at a glance the relative productiveness and value of crops of the New England States and six of the Western States, viz: Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Iowa and Minnesota. We have selected the six New England States as being considered the

least productive agricultural States of any on the Atlantic slope, and the six named Western States as being among the most productive agricultural States of the West, and these we propose to compare by the light of the official statistics furnished by the Department of Agriculture for four years, from 1862 to 1865 inclusive. We have selected all of the staple crops of the two sections, and believe the table presents as fair a comparison as can be made between them.

Average yield per year. Aver. value pr. acre.

Тобассо,

2182

10311⁄2

3129

18.94

16.25

8562

236.50

120.16

We confess that when we began to make this examination wę were not entirely prepared for the result obtained. Knowing as we did, the superiority of the East over the West, still we had not thought that BARREN NEW ENGLAND was ahead even in the QUANTITY produced. It will be observed by examining the above table that while the Eastern States are a little ahead in quantity produced, the VALUE PER ACRE ARE NEARLY DOUBLE those of the West. In other words a farmer in New England will make nearly twice as much money from the cultivation of one acre of land as the farmer in the Western States. Though this result is contrary to the commonly received opinion we believe it to be correct.

The Virginia editor proceeds to show that his section is far behind the West, and consequently greatly behind New England. It is far from the purpose of the writer to say anything against the great-the patriotic Westagainst Illinois, which has given us à Lincoln and a Grant; against Ohio, the home of a Sherman, a Sheridan and a Brough; against Indiana, the residence of a Wallace, a Morton and a Colfax, or against other States which have given the country so any eminent men, wise in council, and so many patriotic men, brave in war. All honor to the West; may it prosper and increase in wealth and power. But it is believed the West does not need the young life-blood of New England to ensure her prosperity, which while they "enrich her makes us poor indeed." The outpouring tide of immigrants should not be checked by detracting from the West, and fermenting feelings of envy and distrust which never result in good, but by inspiring the East with new zeal, and making it for the interest of the young to remain on the soil on which they were born.

THE SOUTHERN ELECTORAL COLLEGE BILL.

The following is a copy of the bill excluding certain States from voting for President, vetoed by the President, but passed by Congress over the veto, July 20th, 1868.

That none of the States whose inhabitants were lately in rebellion, and which States are not now represented in Congress, shall be entitled to representation in the electoral college for the choice of President and Vice President of the United States, nor shall any electoral votes be received or counted from any of such States, unless at the time prescribed by law for the choice of electors the people of such States, pursuant to acts of Congress in that behalf, shall have since the 4th of March, 1867, adopted a constitution of State government under which a State government shall have been organized and shall be in operation, and unless such election of electors shall have been made under the authority of such constitution and government, and such States shall have also become entitled to representation in Congress, pursuant to acts of Congress in that behalf.

ADDITIONAL RETURNS, ERRATA, ETC.

ALABAMA.—J. B. Callis has been qualified as Representative in Congress from the 5th District, instead of Joseph W. Burke, who was first reported elected, and whose name is given on page 62. George E. Spencer has been elected United States Senator for the term ending in 1873, and Willard Warner, for the term ending in 1871.

INDIANA.-George W. Julian, Representative in Congress, has been nominated for re-election.

MISSISSIPPI.-The vote on the Constitution is reported as follows: Yeas, 56,231; Nays, 63,860; majority for rejection, 7,629. The Democratic State ticket is elected. The members of Congress are: District 1, Charles H. Townsend; 2, T. N. Martin; 3, G. P. M. Turner; 4, George C. McKee; 5, William T. Martin. Mr. McKee is a Republican; the others Democrats.

OHIO. The Republican vote in 1867,. on page 57, should read 243,605-instead of 263,605. The majority given-2,983 Republicanis correct.

OREGON.-Vote for Congressmen, 1868: Joseph S. Smith, Democrat, 11,789; David Logan, Republican, 10,580. Democratic majority, 1,209.

VERMONT.-The vote for Governor commencing on page 34 is that of 1867, not 1868.