Locke

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Psychology Press, 2005 - 220 страница
John Locke (1632-1704) was one of the towering philosophers of the Enlightenment and arguably the greatest English philosopher. Many assumptions we now take for granted, about liberty, knowledge and government, come from Locke and his most influential works, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding and Two Treatises of Government.

In this superb introduction to Locke's thought, E.J. Lowe covers all the major aspects of his philosophy. Whilst sensitive to the seventeenth-century background to Locke's thought, he concentrates on introducing and assessing Locke in a contemporary philosophical setting, explaining why he is so important today.

Beginning with a helpful overview of Locke's life and times, he explains how Locke challenged the idea that the human mind and knowledge of the external world rested on innate principles, laying the philosophical foundations of empiricism later taken up by Berkeley and Hume.

Subsequent chapters introduce and critically assess topics fundamental to understanding Locke: his theories of substance and identity, language and meaning, philosophy of action and free will, and political freedom and toleration. In doing so, he explains some of the more complex yet pivotal aspects of Locke's thought, such as his theory that language rests on ideas and how Locke's theory of personal identity paved the way for modern empirical psychology. A final chapter assesses Locke's legacy, and the book includes a helpful chronology of Locke's life and glossary of unfamiliar terms.

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Life and Work
1
Lockes Life and Times
2
Lockes Writings
8
The Contemporary Impact of Lockes Work
15
Summary
20
Further Reading
21
Knowledge and Experience
22
Lockes Rejection of Innate Ideas
23
A Lockean Response to the Prejudices of Literacy
105
Locke and the Problem of Privacy
113
The Essential Role of Ideas in Thinking
119
A Response to Some Objections
123
Summary
126
Further Reading
127
Agency and Will
128
Locke on Free Action and Freedom of the Will
129

Lockes Version of Empiricism
32
Lockes Theory of Sense Perception
35
Was Locke an Indirect Realist?
38
Lockes Distinction between Primary and Secondary Qualities
48
Lockes Account of Knowledge
52
Summary
57
Further Reading
58
Substance and Identity
59
Substance and Mode in Lockes Essay
60
Lockes Correspondence with Stillingfleet
64
Further Difficulties for Lockes Account of Substance
68
Martins Interpretation of Lockean Substratum
72
Substance and Real Essence
78
Locke on the Ideas of Number and Unity
82
Locke on Identity and Personal Identity
87
Summary
97
Further Reading
98
Language and Meaning
99
Ideationism and Lockes Account of Language
100
Locke on Causation Volition and Voluntary Action
136
Locke and the Problem of Deviant Causal Chains
141
Involuntariness and the Sufficiency Claim
147
Personhood Personal Identity and Free Agency
154
Summary
158
Further Reading
159
Liberty and Toleration
160
The State of Nature and the Nature of Man
162
Social Contract and Government by Consent
169
Lockes Theory of Property and Property Rights
179
Rights of Resistance and the Limits of Political Obligation
188
Religious Toleration
191
Summary
196
Further Reading
197
Legacy and Influence
198
Glossary
204
Bibliography
209
Index
215
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E.J. Lowe is professor of philosophy at the University of Durham. He is author of Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Locke on Human Understanding and An Introduction to the Philosophy of Mind.

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