TABLE 14.-Women under 45 years of age married ten to nineteen years, classified by parentage and nativity: Total number tabulated, and number and per cent bearing specified number of children.

TABLE 14.-Women under 45 years of age married ten to nineteen years, classified by parentage and nativity: Total number tabulated, and number and per cent bearing specified number of children-Continued.

Of the 3,104 native white women of native parentage in Cleveland here considered, 1,853, or 59.7 per cent, have had not more than 2 children, that is, have had only 1 or 2 children or none at all. The number bearing more than 5 children was 194, or only 6.3 per cent. For the 14,230 white women of foreign parentage the corresponding percentages are 25.3 and 31.4.

Of the 2,808 native white women of native parentage in the rural counties of Ohio, 1,038, or 37 per cent, have had not more than 2 children, while 471, or 16.8 per cent, have had more than 5. For the 16,235 white women of foreign parentage 27.4 and 27.6 are the corresponding percentages.

A comparison of the first generation of women of foreign parentage with the second generation gives similar results both in Cleveland and the rural counties. The percentage bearing not more than 2 children is larger in the second generation than in the first, the percentage bearing more than 5 children is larger in the first generation than in the second, while the percentage bearing from 3 to 5 children is nearly the same for both generations.

Large families-of more than 5 children-are found to be more common in country than city with the native American mothers, but less common with the mothers of foreign parentage. In Cleveland the proportion of native white mothers possessing large families was but 6.3 per cent; in the rural counties 16.8 per cent. The proportion

The following table presents the childbearing rate of the classes of Rhode Island women here considered, divided into three groups according to age, the first group including women 15 to 24 years of age, the second 25 to 34 years, and the third 35 to 44 years:

TABLE 9.-Women under 45 years of age married more than one year, classified by parentage and nativity, and by age: Average number of years married per child borne.

For the youngest group in the table the childbearing rate is 1 child every 2.6 years, for the next group 1 every 3.2 years, and for the oldest group 1 every 4.1 years. This reflects, in part, the fact that the earlier years of a woman's married life are more productive of children than the later years, even within the childbearing period; also, in part, the correlative fact that the lower her age at marriage, the more productive her married life is likely to be.

In each age group the women of foreign parentage showed a faster rate of childbearing than the native white women of native parentage. It is to be noted, however, that the decline in the childbearing rate in the older groups as compared with the younger is much more marked for the women of native parentage than for those of foreign parentage. Thus, in the youngest group the childbearing rate was one and one-fourth times as fast for women of foreign as of native stock, in the next oldest group one and three-fifths times as fast, and in the oldest group twice as fast. twice as fast. That is, not only did the women of foreign stock show a faster rate of childbearing in the three age groups than the native white women, but the difference between the two classes in this respect was greater the older the age group.

OHIO.

Classes of married women included.-The tabulations for Ohio included the same classes of married women as the Rhode Island tabulations, except that there have been omitted from the Ohio tabulations women the nationality of whose husbands was not ascertainable and women who belonged to the less numerous foreign nationalities residing in the State.

The city of Cleveland had in 1900 a population of 381,768. The foreign-born population numbered 124,631, or 32.6 per cent of the total. The total number of married women under 45 years of age for whom the data in regard to children have been tabulated was 43.624.

The 48 counties selected in Ohio included all the counties in the northern half of the State with the exception of five (Cuyahoga, Lucas, Mahoning, Stark, and Summit), which were omitted because their population is largely urban. These 48 counties had in 1900 a population of 1,578,404, of whom 117,265, or 7.4 per cent, were foreignborn. As over 70 per cent of the population of these counties is rural-that is, resident in country districts or in places of less than 2,500 population-they may be termed rural counties, presenting, therefore, an excellent basis for comparison with the city of Cleveland. In the 48 counties the number of married women for whom childbearing data were tabulated was 42,760.

The following table classifies the married women. I the rural Onio counties, by color, parentage. £UL DATICAL

TABLE 10.-Women under 45 years of age married more the on. entage: Number tabulated.

OHIO CLEVELAND AND 48 RURAL COUNTIE:

In this table, as in all the tabulations for Ohio, a more extended classification by nationality is made than in Rhode Island. The Ohio tables distinguish the following nationalities not separately classified in the Rhode Island tabulations: Austrian, Bohemian. Finnish, French, Hungarian, Polish, Russian, Swiss, and Welsh. The entry "Other foreign" is made up of French Canadians, Danes, and Norwegians, the number of whom residing in Cleveland and the selected counties was too small to make separate tabulation worth

while.

The white women of foreign parentage shown in the foregoing table are subdivided in the next table into two groups as regards birthplace, those born in the United States and those born in foreign countries. The latter are designated throughout as the first geners tion, the former as the second generation. As in the case of Rhode Island, the term nationality is here used with reference to the birthplace of both parents. That is, "Irish" means "both parents born in Ireland;""German," means "both parents born in Germany," and

Bo on.