Administrative courts: Austria, I, 84,
85, 87; Japan, II, 30; Netherlands,
II, III. See also Officials, suits
against.

Agriculture: Canada, I, 209, 210.
Aliens: Argentine Nation, I, 7; Aus-
tralia, I, 47; Austria, I, 71, 79; Bel-
gium, I, 145; Canada, I, 206; Ger-
many, I, 327; Mexico, II, 47;
Netherlands, II, 81; Norway, II,
140; Russia, II, 188; Spain, II, 200;
Switzerland, II, 276. See also Im-
migration, Naturalization.

Amendment, see Constitution, amend-

ment.

Amnesty: Austria, I, 87; Brazil, I, 159;
Chile, I, 237, 238; Denmark, I, 271;
France, I, 287; Netherlands, II, 92;
Portugal, II, 162. See also Pardon.
Appropriations, see Budget.
Arbitration: in industrial disputes,
Australia, I, 47; in international dis-
putes, Brazil, I, 158.
Argentine Nation—

-Congress: composition, I, 10; ses-
sions, I, 13; organization and proce-
dure, I, 13, 14; immunity of members,
I, 14; members forbidden to accept
executive appointments, I, 15; ineli-
gibility of certain classes, I, 15; re-
muneration, I, 15; powers, I, 15-18;
election of President by, I, 22, 23;
opening of sessions by President, I,
24; extraordinary sessions, I, 24.
-Courts: impeachment of judges, I,
11, 12, 13; establishment of, I, 17;
appointment of judges, I, 23; organi-
zation, I, 26; tenure of judges, I, 26;
jurisdiction, I, 27.

-House of Deputies, I, 10-12.
-Laws: procedure in enactment of, I,

18, 19; promulgation, I, 23; executive
regulations necessary for the enforce-
ment of, I, 23.

-Ministers of the executive power:
impeachment, I, 11, 12, 13; appear-
ance before Congress, I, 14, 26;
appointment and removal, I, 24;

joint responsibility of, I, 26; position
of ministers, in general, I, 25, 26.
-President: impeachment, I, 11, 12,
13; resignation, I, 17; veto power, I,
18, 19, 23; succession to presidency,
I, 20; qualifications, I, 20; term, I,
20; compensation, I, 20; oath, I, 21;
election, I, 21-23; powers, I, 23-25;
not to leave national capital, I, 25; all
acts to be countersigned by ministers,
I, 25.

-Provinces: government, I, 4; guaranty
of provincial constitutions, I, 4; re-
ciprocal duties of, I, 4; free traffic
between, I, 5; bound by federal con-
stitution and laws, I, 9; powers of
and limitations upon, I, 28, 29.
-Senate: organization, I, 12, 13; elec-
tion, term, and qualifications of sena-
tors, I, 12; share of, in appointment
of officers, I, 23, 24.

-Supreme Court of Justice: appoint-
ment of judges, I, 23; advice with
reference to papal decrees, I, 24;
qualifications of judges, I, 26; organi-
zation, I, 27; jurisdiction, I, 27;
disputes between provinces settled by,
I, 29.

-Vice-president: acts as president of
the Senate, I, 12.

Arms, right to bear: Mexico, II, 42;
United States, II, 307.

Army, see Military affairs.
Arrest, warrants for: Argentine Nation,
I, 6; Austria, I, 72; Belgium, I, 128;
Brazil, I, 173; Chile, I, 257, 258;
Denmark, I, 278; Mexico, II, 43,
Netherlands, II, 111; Portugal, II,
176; Spain, II, 200. See also Person-
al liberty.

Assembly, right of: Argentine Nation,
I, 7; Austria, I, 73, 79; Belgium, I,
129; Brazil, I, 173; Chile, I, 231,
236; Denmark, I, 279; Italy, II, 8;
Japan, II, 26; Mexico, II, 42;
Netherlands, II, 81; Norway, II, 141;
Russia, II, 187; Spain, II, 202;
United States, II, 307.

Association, right of: Argentine Nation,
I, 5; Austria, I, 73, 79; Belgium, I,
129; Brazil, I, 172, 173; Chile, I,
231; Denmark, I, 279; Germany,
I, 328; Japan, II, 26; Mexico, II, 42,
48; Netherlands, II, 81; Portugal,
II, 178; Russia, II, 187; Spain, II,
202; Switzerland, II, 274.
Astronomical observations: Australia,
I, 46.

Attainder, bill of: United States, II,
299, 300.
Australia-

-Courts: appointment and removal
of judges, I, 53; remuneration, I, 53;
jurisdiction, I, 55, 56.

-Federal Executive Council, I, 51, 52.
-Governor-General: appointment and
salary, I, 35, 36; share in legislation,
I, 50, 51; power vested in, I, 51, 52;
deputies of, I, 66.

-High Court: organization, I, 53;
jurisdiction, I, 54, 55; appeals from,
to king in council, I, 54, 55.
-House of Representatives: dissolu-
tion, I, 36, 41, 49; apportionment of
representatives, I, 40, 41; elections,
I, 41, 42; qualifications of representa-
tives, I, 42; speaker, I, 42, 43;
quorum, I, 43; resignation, I, 43;
power with reference to money bills, I,
48, 49.

-Inter-State

Commission: appeals
from, to High Court, I, 54; control
of commerce and trade by, I, 62.
-Laws: procedure in enactment of, I,
49, 50; royal assent or disallowance,
I, 50, 51; reserved laws, I, 51.
-Ministers of State: membership in
Parliament, I, 44, 52; appointment
and removal of, I, 52.

-Parliament: organization, I, 35;
sessions, I, 36; suffrage for election
of members, I, 43; oaths of members,
I, 43, 68; disqualifications for mem-
bership, I, 43-45; disputed elections,
I, 45; salary of members, I, 45;
immunities of members, I, 45; pro-
cedure, I, 45, 46; powers, I, 46-48;
joint session of two houses when
Senate rejects law proposed by House
of Representatives, I, 49, 50; removal
of judges on addresses of both houses
of, I, 53; passage of laws for altera-
tion of constitution, I, 67.

-Senate: composition, and organiza-
tion, I, 36-40; dissolution, I, 37, 50;
power with reference to money bills,
I, 48, 49.

-States: defined, I, 34; federal laws
binding on states, I, 34; recognition
of public records in other states, I,
47, 65; investing federal jurisdiction
in courts of, I, 56; transfer of services
from, to federal government, I, 56-
58; payment of surplus revenue to, I,
60; financial aid to states by federal
government, I, 61; assumption of
state debts by federal government, I,
62, 63; governments of, I, 63; state
laws invalid when in conflict with
federal laws, I, 63, 64; surrender of
territory by state, I, 64; state in-
spection laws and state control over
intoxicating liquors, I, 64; limitations
upon powers of states, I, 64, 65, pro-
tection of, against invasion and do-
mestic violence, I, 65; new states, I,
65, 66; alteration of limits of, I, 65, 68;
alteration of proportionate representa-
tion in houses of Parliament, I, 67.
-Territories, government of, I, 65.
Austria-

-Courts: legislation concerning, I, 79;
organization, I, 85; appointment and
removal of judges, I, 86; publicity of
proceedings, I, 86; prosecutions be-
fore, I, 86; oath of judicial officers,
I, 86; appeals from administrative
courts, I, 87; Supreme Court of
Justice and Cassation, I, 87.
-Emperor: appointment of members
of the House of Lords, I, 75; approval
of laws, I, 80; power to adjourn
Reichsrat and dissolve House of
Representatives, I, 83; appoints
judges of the Imperial Court, I, 85;
judicial power exercised in name of,
I, 85; pardoning power, I, 87; invio-
lability of, I, 88; exercise of powers
through ministers, I, 88; powers, I,
88; oath of, I, 88.
-Fundamental laws: legislation to
carry into effect, I, 79; amendment of,
I, 81; oaths to maintain, I, 88, 89.
-House of Lords: membership, I, 75;

officers, I, 77; quorum, I, 81.

-House of Representatives: member-
ship, I, 75, 76; election, I, 76, 77;
officers, I, 77; substitutes for repre-
sentatives, I, 77, 83; quorum, I, 81;

members not to receive instructions, I,
82; term of members, I, 82; no voting
by proxy in, I, 82; dissolution, I, 82,
83.
-Imperial Court: jurisdiction, I, 84,
85; organization, I, 85.

-Laws: may not be declared invalid by
courts, I, 86; promulgation of, I, 89;
decrees for the enforcement of, I, 89.
-Ministers: entitled to be present in
Reichsrat, I, 83; may be required to
furnish information to Reichsrat, I,
83; responsibility and impeachment
of, I, 81, 88.

--Provinces: legislative power of diets,

I, 79, 80; government of, I, 80, note.
-Reichsrat: organization and mem-
bership, I, 74-77; sessions, I, 77;
powers, I, 78, 79; proposal and pas-
sage of laws, I, 80, 81; immunity of
members, I, 82; adjournment, I, 83;
publicity of sessions, I, 83; order of
business, I, 83; nomination of mem-
bers of Imperial Court by, I, 85.
Austria-Hungary, see also Austria,
Hungary.
-Affairs common

to Austria and
Hungary, I, 114, 115; expense of such
affairs, I, 115, 116, 122.
-Affairs regulated upon uniform prin-
ciples in Austria and Hungary, I, 115;
method of reaching agreement re-
garding such matters, I, 121.
-Bosnia and Herzegovina: joint ad-
ministration, I, 122, 123.
--Commercial affairs, I, 115.

Customs legislation, I, 115, 123.
-Delegations: composition of Austrian
Delegation, I, 116-18; composi-
tion of Hungarian Delegation, I, 117,
note; sessions and organization, I, 118;
powers, I, 118; passage of laws by,
I, 118, 120, 121; joint sessions of
Delegations, I, 118, 120, 121; quorum,
I, 119; separate sessions, I, 119;
voting by delegates, I, 119;
munities of delegates, I, 119; dis-
solution, I, 119; public sessions, I,
120, 121; communications between
Delegations, I, 120; procedure, I,

121.

im-

-Emperor: power to fix proportion of
expense of affairs administered in
common, I, 115; control of joint

army by, I, 116; approval of laws by,
I, 118.
-Finances, I, 115, 116, 122, 123.
-Foreign affairs, I, 114.

-Joint ministry, I, 116; may present
projects of laws to Delegations, I,
118; impeachment of, I, 118, 119;
participation by, in deliberations of
Delegation, I, 120; must furnish in-
formation to Delegations when re-
quested, I, 120.

-Military and naval affairs, I, 115.
-Monetary system, I, 115, 123.
-Public debt, I, 116.
-Railways, I, 115, 122.

Bail: Brazil, I, 173; Chile, I, 258;
Denmark, I, 278; Mexico, II, 43;
Portugal, II, 176; United States, II,
308.

Bank, national: Argentine Nation, I,
15; Norway, II, 143; Sweden, II, 234,
237, 250.

Banking: Australia, I, 46; Austria, I,
78; Canada, I, 206; Germany, I, 327;
Mexico, II, 59.

Banks of issue: Argentine Nation, I,
29; Austria, I, 78; Brazil, I, 151,
158; Switzerland, II, 268.
Bankruptcy: Argentine Nation, I, 16,
29; Australia, I, 44, 45, 46; Canada,
I, 192, 206; Hungary, I, 104, 110;
Norway, II, 131, 142; Switzerland,
II, 275; United States, II, 298.
Belgium-

-Court of Cassation: trial of im-
peached ministers by, I, 140, 147;
jurisdiction of, I, 140, 141, 142; ap-
pointment of judges, I, 141, 147.
-Colors and coat of arms, I, 145.
-Court of Accounts, I, 144.
-Courts: jurisdiction of, I, 130, 140;
sessions to be public, I, 141; appoint-
ment, salary, and tenure of judges, I,
141, 147; courts of appeal, I, 142; mili-
tary and commercial courts, I, 142.
-House of Representatives: exclusive
power to originate money bills and
bills relating to the army contingent,
I, 130; election, I, 132, 133; apportion-
ment of representatives, I, 134;
qualifications of representatives, I,
134; term, I, 134; dissolution, I, 134;
compensation of members, I, 134;

impeachment of ministers by, I, 140;
examination of accounts by, I, 144.
-King: executive power vested in, I,
130; succession to the throne, I, 136;
forfeiture of right to throne by prince
marrying without consent of King, I,
136; naming of a successor to throne,
I, 136, 139; King forbidden to be head
of another state, without consent of
houses, I, 136; irresponsibility of,
I, 137; powers of, I, 137, 138; civil
list, I, 138; full age of, I, 139; oath of,
I, 139; regency during minority or
incapacity of King, I, 139.
-Laws: authoritative interpretation of,
made by legislative power, I, 130;
publication of, I, 145.
-Legislature; branches of, I, 130;
public sessions, I, 130; organization
and procedure, I, 131, 132; immunity
of members, I, 132; sessions, I, 137;
adjournment and dissolution, I, 137,
138; convenes without summons upon
death of King, I, 138; annual vote of
taxes and appropriations by, I, 143,

144.

-Local government, I, 130, 142, 143.
-Ministers: may be members of either
house of the legislature, I, 131; re-
quired to furnish explanations to the
houses, I, 132; their responsibility
for acts of the King, I, 137, 140; ap-
pointment and dismissal of, I, 137;
conduct of government by, upon
death of King, I, 138, 139; qualifica-
tions of, I, 139; their relations with
the houses, I, 140; impeachment, I,
140, 146, 147.

-Senate: composition, I, 134; term, I,
135; dissolution, I, 135; qualifica-
tions of senators, I, 135; senators
receive no compensation, I, 135; sons
of King senators, I, 135, 136; Senate
not to meet except when House of
Representatives is in session, I, 136.
Bills of exchange, see Commercial paper.
Bills of rights: Argentine nation, I, 5-9;
Austria, I, 71-74, 84; Belgium, I, 127–
30; Brazil, I, 172–76, 177; Chile,
I, 257-60; Denmark, I, 278, 279,
280; Italy, II, 7, 8; Japan, II, 26, 27;
Mexico, II, 40-46, 71; Netherlands,
II, 81, 110-12, 113; Norway, II, 141,
142; Portugal, II, 175-79; Russia,
II, 187, 188; Spain, II, 200-203;
Sweden, II, 223, 240; Switzerland,

II, 258, 268, 269, 271-74; United
States, II, 299, 300, 304, 306-8,
310-12.

Bosnia, see Austria-Hungary.
Bounties: Australia, I, 46, 57, 58, 59.
Brazil-

-Attorney general: appointment of, I,
167.

-Court of Accounts, I, 178.

-Courts: power of National Congress
to organize, I, 159; appointment of
judges, I, 164; organization, I, 166,
167; tenure and salaries of judges, I,
167; trial of impeached judges, I,
167; jurisdiction, I, 167–69; relation
of federal to state courts, I, 169.
-Form of government, I, 150.
-House of Deputies: apportionment
and election of members, I, 156; its
initiative in certain measures, I, 156.
-Laws: procedure in enactment and
promulgation of, I, 160, 161, 163.
-Ministers of State: impeachment, I,
156, 157; appointment and dismissal,
I, 164; their relations to the National
Congress, I, 165; their responsibility
and impeachment, I, 165, 166.
-Municipalities: their autonomy in
local affairs, I, 170.
-National Congress: composition, or-
ganization, and sessions, I, 154, 159;
public sessions, I, 154; immunities of
members, I, 154, 155; salaries, I, 155;
functions incompatible with member-
ship, I, 155; qualifications of mem-
bers, I, 155, 156; powers, I, 157-60;
procedure in the enactment and
promulgation of laws, I, 160, 161;
election of President of republic by, I,
163; annual message of President to,
I, 164; extraordinary sessions, I, 164.
-President: approval of laws by, I,
153; impeachment of, I, 156, 157;
veto power, I, 160; executive power
vested in, I, 161; qualifications of, I,
162; term, I, 162; oath, I, 163;
election, I, 163; ineligibility of rela-
tives of existing president, I, 163;
powers, I, 163-65; trial of, for political
or other offenses, I, 166.
-Senate: qualifications of members, I,
156; composition of, I, 156; term of
senators, I, 157; trial of impeachments
by, I, 157, 166; approval of executive
appointments by, I, 164, 178; desig-

nation of first members who should
retire at the end of three and six
years respectively, I, 180.
-States: financial aid to states by
federal government, I, 151, 158;
creation of provinces into, I, 150;
creation of new states out of territory
of old ones, I, 151; expenses of state
governments, I, 151; federal control
over states, I, 151; enforcement of
federal laws by, I, 152; powers of and
restrictions upon, I, 152, 170; extradi-
tion between, I, 159; cases involving
laws of states in opposition to federal
laws, I, 168; governments of, I, 169;
constitutions required to be adopted
by end of 1892, I, 180; relations with
federal government while states are
being organized, I, 180.
-Supreme Court: appointment of
judges, I, 164, 166, 167; nomination
of federal judges by, I, 164; trial of
President by, I, 166; trial of impeach-
ments, I, 166, 167; jurisdiction, I,
167, 168.

-Supreme Military Court, I, 175, 176.
-Vice-president: acts as president of
Senate, I, 157; succeeds to presidency
in case of vacancy, I, 162; election of,
I, 163.

British North America Act, I, 185.
Budget: Argentine Nation, I, 15, 24;
Australia, I, 48, 49, 56; Austria, I,
78; Belgium, I, 144; Brazil, I, 157,
158; Chile, I, 235. 236, 249, 253, 260;
Denmark, I, 274; Germany, I, 348,
349; Hungary, I, 97, 98; Japan, II,
31, 32; Mexico, II, 55, 59, 62, 75;
Netherlands, II, 104, 105, 107, 109;
Norway, II, 136, 137; Portugal, II,
149, 164, 172, 173; Russia, II, 190,
193, 194; Spain, II, 210, 215; Sweden,
II, 235-37, 249, 250; Switzerland,
II, 279, 284; United States, II, 299.
See also Finance, Taxation.
Bundesrat, see Germany.
Canada-

-Courts: provincial courts, I, 208;
appointment of judges, I, 210; tenure
of judges, I, 210; court of appeal for
Canada, I, 210.

-Crown, executive authority vested in,

I, 187; command of military forces
vested in, I, 188; royal assent to or
disallowance of laws, I, 197; bills
reserved for royal pleasure, I, 198.

-Governor-general: powers of, I, 187,

188; action by governor and council,
I, 187, 188; deputies of, I, 188;
money votes must be recommended
by, I, 197; salary, I, 211.
-House of Commons: apportionment
and election of members, I, 192-95;
election of speaker, I, 195; quorum, I,
195, 196; voting in, I, 196; term
of, I, 196; rules for reapportionment
of members, I, 196, 197; initiation
of money votes in House of Commons,
upon recommendation by governor
general, I, 197.

-Intercolonial railway, I, 220.
-Parliament: organization, I, 189;
privileges and immunities, I, 189, 223,
224; sessions, I, 189; powers, I, 205,
206, 209; oaths of members, I, 215;
representation of new provinces in,
I, 222; representation of territories
not forming part of a province, I,
224, 225.

-Privy Council: appointment of, I,
187.

-Provinces: enumeration of, I, 186,
187; lieutenant-governors, I, 198, 199;
executive councils, I, 199, 200; seats
of government, I, 200; legislatures,
I, 200-205; legislative powers, I, 207-
10; uniformity of laws in, I, 209;
provincial debts assumed by Domin-
ion, I, 211, 212; adjustment of public
property between Canada and the
provinces, I, 211, 212, 213; annual
payments by Canada to the provinces,
I, 213, 214; provincial revenues, I,
207, 214; oaths of members of legis-
latures, I, 215; admission of new
provinces, I, 220, 222.

-Senate: composition of, I, 189, 190,
220, 221; qualifications of senators, I,
190; appointment of senators, I,
190, 191, 215; terms of senators, I,
191; vacancies caused by resignation
or by failure to maintain certain
qualifications, I, 191, 192; appoint-
ment of speaker of Senate, I, 192;
quorum and voting, I, 192.

Canals: Argentine Nation, I, 17, 28.
Capital: Argentine Nation, I, 3, 18, 23;
Australia, I, 48, 66; Belgium, I, 145;
Brazil, I, 150, 158, 159, 160, 170;
Canada, I, 188, 200; Chile, I, 237;
France, I, 288, 294, 309, 310; Hun-