Constitutional Convention (see also
amendments), 50, 63-4, 65, 89, 92, 351ff;
how called, 80-1, 89; legal status of,
355-6; periodical vote upon, 92, 352;
Tennessee, 41, 50-2, 57, 57-8ff., 63-4, 65,
354ff.
see state constitutions,
United States, unwritten constitutions.
Corporations (see also public uilities),
59, 63, 79, 88, 181, 186, 209.
Corrupt practices, 50, 61, 122.
Council of state, 33, 34, 162, 213.
Counties (see also courts, county), 87,
95, 96, 334ff., 362; city and county,
341-2; commission, 338, 340, 362;
finances, 337; general discussion, 324ff.,
342; government, 95, 96, 336-7, 338, 342,
343, 362; home rule, 95, 338ff., 362
state rights, 341; Tennessee, 343, 362;
variations, 335-6.
County officers (see also justices of the
peace), 36, 50, 52, 56, 62, 360.
Courts (see also advisory opinions.
judges, judicial procedure, judicial re-
view, recall of judicial decisions, trial
by jury), 32, 48, 52, 55, 85, 86, 96, 138,
161, 222ff., 360, 362, 363-4, 371-2; chan-
cery (separate from law), 48, 232, 364 ;
conciliation, 86; county, 229, 230, 239,
324-6, 331, 332, 350, 362; decisions, 228;
function of, 222-3, 371-2; general trial,
224, 229, 232, 239; and hasty legislation,
161; last resort, 32, 85, 96, 223ff., 239,
364; special, 96, 224; Tennessee, 22, 48,
52, 55, 360, 362, 363-4, 371-2.
Criminal costs, 364, 367.
Crothers, S. M., quoted, 102.
Cumberland, 40.
Cushman, R. E., quoted, 327, 329.
Dawson, Edgar, quoted, 150.
Dayton, city manager, 319.
Dealey, J. Q., quoted, 170.
Debt, see public credit.
Declaration of rights, 30, 31, 44, 45, 53,
59, 60, 74ff., 81, 279.
Delaware, constitution of, 123, 165, 209,
212, 230, 266, 272, 346.
Democracy, 21, 32, 50, 53, 57, 58, 70, 91,
99, 102, 103, 106, 121, 129, 135, 137, 138,
152, 162, 151, 153, 188, 198, 216, 218,
235, 241, 243, 270, 271, 292, 365, 368ff.,
373-4; efficiency in, 368, 372, 373; es-
sentials of, 21, 373-4; popular intelli-
gence and, 21, 373-4.
Des Moines commission government, 317.
Direct primaries, 120-1, 134, 159.
Distribution of powers, 53, 81, 137, 140.
Dodd, W. F., quoted, 72, 349, 350.
Duelists, 56, 89.
Due process of law, 45, 77, 79, 235, 279,
282, 289.
Eckert, F. W., quoted, 110.
Economics in constitutions, 36, 42, 53, 59,
80, 137, 143-4.
Education, 21, 36, 56, 62, 79, 86, 210, 216,
261, 262, 264, 274, 287, 373-4; democ-
racy, 21, 373-4; taxation, 261, 262, 264.
Educational qualification, see electorate.
Efficiency and economy commissions, 202.
Elections (see also corrupt practices, di-
rect primaries, initiative and referen-
dum, nomination, preferential voting,
proportional representation, registra-
tion), 86, 118ff., 165-6, 367; by ballot,
86, 125-6, 133; campaigns, 122; con-
tests, 128; count, 127; general discus-
sion, 118-19, 128-9, 133; officers, 124-5;
plurality choice, 127n, 128, 130-31; Ten-
nessee, 46, 61, 133-4, 367.
Electorate, 32, 45, 53, 60, 62, 99ff.; organ
of government, 99, 104; qualifications,
99ff.; miscellaneous, 99; sex, 100ff. (see
woman suffrage); educational, 100,
111ff., 114, 115, 116; property, 32, 53,
100, 113, 114, 116; poll tax, 100, 116;
alternative, 114; grandfather clause.
100, 114, 115-17; Tennessee, 45, 53, 60,
62, 117.
Eminent domain, 323-4, 328.
Employers' liability, 280.
England, government in, 23, 136, 137,
144ff., 162, 169, 178, 184, 253, 321.
Equalization, 212, 268, 269.
Europe, government in (see also Eng-
land, Germany), 185, 308, 321.
Excess Condemnation, 90, 328ff.; consti-
tutional clauses, 329-30; discussion of,
331ff.; unearned increment, 332-3.
Executive department, 85, 202, 205,
Experts, 184, 202, 218, 374.
Expropriation, see eminent domain.
Fee system, 230, 337, 360, 363, 367; Ten-
nessee, 360, 363, 367.
Finance, see budget, fee system, public
credit, taxation.
Florida, constitution of, 166, 176, 210,
226, 264.
Ford, Henry J., 146; quoted, 135.
Franchises, 191, 313, 314, 325.
Franklin, state of, 39, 41, 43.
Freund, Ernest, quoted, 181, 182, 183, 184,
185.
Fundamental constitutions of Carolina,
21, 22.
Galveston commission government, 316.
Garrison, L. M., quoted, 103.
Georgia, constitution of 166, 171, 172, 183,
236, 261, 264.
Germany, government in, 184, 321.
Goodnow, F. J., 146; quoted, 308, 309.
Government (see also democracy, govern-
tal reorganization, separation of
powers), 21ff., 109, 205 292-3, 368ff.;
efficient, 369, 373; evolution, 21ff.,
135ff., 269; executive organ of society,
292-3, 368ff.; function two-fold, 205,
369, 372; fundamental problem, 21,
373; and individual welfare, 372. Ten-
nessee, see references under Tennes-
see, constitution of.
Governmental reorganization, 93, 146,
148, 159, 204, 370ff.
Governor (see also administration, ap-
pointment to office, budget, removal
from office), 34, 35, 47, 54, 55, 61, 64,
175ff., 190, 195, 200ff., 249, 360, 366,
367, 370; leadership, 64, 143, 149-50,
185, 203, 370, 372; legislature, relations
with, 47, 147, 149, 175-6, 185, 220, 242,
245, 370, 372; powers and duties, 35,
165, 205ff., 208, 212, 220, 366, 367; qual-
ifications, 47, 54, 207, 220; respon-
sibility, 370; Tennessee, 47, 54, 55, 61,
64, 220ff., 360, 366, 367.
Hadley, A. T., quoted, 236.
Hale, Annie Riley, quoted, 108.
Health laws, 278.
Hedges, Job E., quoted, 151.
Hoag, C. G., quoted, 129, 132.
Home rule (see also counties), 89, 95,
181, 295ff., 366, 371; city state, 312;
constitutional law, 303ff.; Europe, 308;
framing charters, 301ff., 311ff.; general
laws, 289, 299; local veto, 299, 300, 311;
New York, 95, 299, 310-12; presump-
tion of law, 308, 309; Tennessee, 312,
366, 371.
Howe, Frederick C., quoted, 148.
Hughes, Chas. E., 121n; quoted, 292.
Idaho, constitution of, 171, 172, 287, 348.
Illinois, constitution of, 163, 203, 249, 252,
266, 291, 300, 347.
Illinois efficiency and economy commit-
tee, 202ff.
Impeachment, 31, 34, 48, 62, 211, 213, 221,
239, 364.
Indiana, constitution of, 154, 171, 172,
175.
Individualism, 22-3, 137.
Information, prosecution on, 364.
Initiative and referendum, 71, 82, 83, 91.
92, 159-60, 187ff., 259n.; 365, 370; di-
rect and indirect initiative, 82, 189,
196, 197; emergency acts, 189, 190, 191,
196, 197; Illinois statute, 188; local,
90, 191, 199, 317, 321; Maryland, 191;
Ohio, 82ff.; Oregon, 190; percentages
required for petition, 189n; South Da-
kota, 188-90, 197; Tennessee, 199, 365,
370.
Insurance, 87, 366; state, 366.
Internal improvements, 52, 56, 270-71.
International tax association, quoted,
256-7.
Iowa, constitution of, 165, 236, 274.
Jackson, Andrew, 52, 57; quoted, 139.
Jefferson, Thos., 292; quoted, 51, 139.
Johnson, Andrew, quoted, 58.
Johnson, R. U., quoted, 103.
Joint resolutions, 61, 185, 347.
Judges (see also courts, justices of the
peace), 86, 97, 209, 210, 222ff., 239; ad-
ministrative officers, 222-3; appointed,
34, 209, 210, 223, 371-2; elected, 55, 86,
223; non-judicial functions, 215; quali-
fications, 224-5, 239; removal, 97, 226,
239.
Judicial department, 85, 95, 181, 222.
Judicial procedure, 89, 96, 227, 231, 233,
239.
Judicial review, doctrine of, 35-6, 48-9,
85, 138, 139, 150, 177, 181, 183, 224, 228,
233ff.; Kentucky controversy, 48; Ten-
nessee, 48-9.
Jurisprudence, 89, 237.
Jury, see trial by jury.
Justices of peace, 36, 47, 50, 209, 210, 229,
230-1, 239, 312, 343, 364.
Kansas, constitution of, 347.
Karns, T. C., quoted, 298.
Kent, James, quoted, 105n.
Kentucky, constitution of, 74, 122, 128,
170, 179, 259, 285, 299, 347, 353.
Labor, see social legislation.
La Follette, R. M., 147.
Lands and land holding, 31, 32, 36, 37,
38, 39, 44, 52.
Law and equity, see courts.
Law, interpretation of (see also courts).
22, 222ff.
Law of the land, see due process of law.
Legislation (see also appropriation bills,
revenue bills, special legislation, social
legislation), 161ff., 167, 172, 177; ex-
pert drafting, 184; output, 161, 167,
177, 185; riders, jokers, freaks, 162n,
246, 255; style requirements, 183.
Legislative committees, 83, 169ff., 173,
178, 186, 206, 255.
Legislative department,. 81.
Legislative procedure, 33, 46-7, 61, 84,
171ff., 181ff.
Legislative responsibility, 187, 370.
Legislators, 32, 46, 54, 83, 162ff., 370.
Legislature, 32, 33, 46, 48, 54, 55, 56, 61,
81, 161ff., 365, 367; apportionment, 33,
34, 46, 54, 87, 92, 163-4, 185; decline of,
149, 180, 181, 182; elections, by, 33, 34,
48, 55, 153, 179, 209-10, 214-15; officers,
33, 34, 48, 55, 168-9; restrictions upon,
56, 84, 171ff., 181ff., 187ff.; separation
of powers, 138; Tennessee, 46, 48, 54-5,
56, 61, 185-6, 360, 365, 367; unicameral,
41, 136, 148, 180, 315, 365, 370.
Lieutenant governor, 85, 206, 213, 366.
Liquor traffic, 89, 103, 109, 125, 191, 367.
Local self-government, 295, 344.
Locke, John, 137, quoted, 21, 22.
Los Angeles County, 340.
Louisiana, constitution of, 74, 115, 120,
126 127, 128, 172, 181, 212, 247, 248,
262, 266.
Lowell, A. L., quoted, 59, 174n, 198, 218,
359.
Macy and Gannaway, quoted, 160.
Magna Charter, 23.
Maine, constitution of, 192, 209.
Marling, A. E., quoted, 333.
Marshall, John, 22, quoted, 234.
Maryland, constitution of, 122, 123, 124,
128, 164, 165, 171, 172, 173, 188, 191,
210, 226, 227, 230, 261 274, 314.
Massachusetts, constitution of, 70, 74, 114,
166, 171, 188, 213, 260, 262, 329, 331,
346.
McBain, H. L., quoted, 305-6, 310.
McLaughlin, A. C., quoted, 234.
Mecklenburg Declaration, 24.
Memphis, commission government, 316;
park commission, 333.
Michigan, constitution of, 101, 128, 171,
192, 196, 230, 232, 250, 284, 287, 288,
290, 300, 305, 342, 350.
Military, subordinate to civil authority,
31, 75, 293.
Militia, 35, 50, 61, 78, 87, 220, 366, 367.
Mills, O. L., quoted, 149.
Minnesota, constitution of, 172, 273, 290,
301, 302, 305.
Minority representation, 130-131, 163.
Mississippi, constitution of, 120, 123, 171,
173, 174, 178, 182, 210, 231, 232, 262,
266.
Missouri, constitution of, 164, 165, 166,
182, 213, 265, 301, 305, 350.
Montana, constitution of, 172, 285, 287,
290, 347, 348.
Montesquieu, Chas. de Secondat, Baron
de, 30, quoted, 136-7.
Montessori, M., 151.
Municipal corporation, see cities.
Munro, W. B., quoted, 297, 308.
Nebraska, constitution of, 165, 171, 172,
194, 196, 249, 267, 274, 350, 353.
Nevada, constitution of, 189, 350.
New Hampshire, constitution of, 140, 166,
171, 225, 263, 345, 346, 353.
New Jersey, constitution of, 153, 174, 183,
210.
New Mexico, constitution of, 124, 166,
167, 171, 175, 188, 193, 266, 267, 287,
290, 348, 353.
New Orleans, commission government,
316.
New York, constitution of, 123, 124, 164,
166, 167, 174, 202, 209, 210, 224, 248,
249, 257, 272, 290, 299-300, 330, 331,
340. Convention of 1915, 70, 91ff., 242-
3, 274, 310-11; finance, 94, 242-3, 274;
governmental reorganization, 93; home
rule, 95, 310-11; labor, 97.
Nicholson, A. O. P., quoted, 64.
Nolen, John, 333.
North Carolina, constitution of, 29ff., 75,
115, 124, 150, 174, 205, 257, 262, 272,
348.
North Dakota, constitution of, 124, 172,
188, 189, 267, 288, 350, 351.
Norton, Chas. D., quoted, 251-2.
Ogg, F. N., quoted, 178.
Ohio, constitution of, 80ff., 120, 129, 236,
261, 262, 263, 284, 286, 290, 291, 302,
330, 331, 350. Convention of 1912, 70,
80ff., 354; home rule, 89; initiative and
referendum, 82, 83, 92, 189, 192.
Oklahoma, constitution of, 69, 115, 120.
153, 164, 170, 183, 192, 193, 195, 205,
226, 262, 266, 285, 288, 305, 338, 339.
Ordway, Samuel H., quoted, 202.
Oregon, constitution of, 120, 125, 129, 130,
166, 171, 172, 190, 213, 228, 304, 306,
346, 350.
Organization of government, see adminis-
tration, government, governmental re-
organization, separation of powers)
short ballot.
Overton, John, quoted, 49.
Pardons. 47, 209, 367.
Parkinson, T. I., quoted, 283.
Peck, Jacob, quoted, 143.
Penn, Wm., quoted, 345.
Pennsylvania, constitution of, 75, 124,
174, 179, 209, 290, 291.
Pleading and practice, code of, 231, 364.
Police power, 279, 325, 327.
Political machine, 126-7, 142, 150, 157,
170.
Political parties, 92, 103, 126-7, 141ff.,
146, 150.
Poll tax (see taxation); qualification for
voting, 100, 114.
Popular sovereignty, 368.
Pound, Roscoe, quoted, 238.
Powell, T. R., quoted, 104, 105, 141.
Preamble, 41, 73.
Preferential voting, 86, 128ff.
Property qualification (see electorate);
office, 32, 33, 46, 47.
Proportional representation, 128ff., 134,
365, 370.
Public credit, 62, 63, 81, 87, 95, 187, 213,
270ff., 313-4, 361; localities, 90, 95, 275,
313-4, 361; serial bonds, 274; Tennes-
see, 62, 63, 277, 361.
Public defender, 364.
Publicity pamphlet, 193-4, 332.
Public office, popular attitude toward,
200, 201; control of, see short ballot,
recall.
Public officers (see also administration,
appointment, recall, removal; also par-
ticular officers), 150, 201, 203, 209, 210,
212, 214, 215, 221, 366.
Public opinion, 100, 359.
Public opinion system, Illinois, 188.
Public utilities, 78, 87, 90, 313-4, 366.
Ransom, Wm. L., quoted, 233.
Recall, 28-9, 91-2, 149, 211, 219-20, 365.
Recall of Judicial decisions, 237.
Reconstruction measures, overthrow of,
60ff.
Referendum, see initiative and referen-
dum.
Registration, 123, 134.
Reinsch, P. S., quoted, 170.
Religion, in constitutions, 44, 50, 56, 60,
63, 77.
Removal from office (see also recall), 84,
150, 202, 211, 212, 371.
Revenue bills, 174, 244, 249.
Revision of constitution (see also amend-
ment, constitutional convention), 25,
345ff.
Rhode Island, constitution of, 69, 113,
171, 225, 236.
Road-building, 366.
Robertson, James, quoted, 38, 118.
Robinson, C. M., quoted, 323.
Roosevelt, Theodore, 107; quoted, 107,
278.
Root, Elihu, 91; quoted, 109.
Rural Credits, 367.
Ryan, Oswald, quoted, 318.
Sait, E. M., quoted, 147.
San Lorenzo Treaty, 41.
Seager, H. R., quoted, 286, 289.
Secretary of state, 48, 128, 193, 205, 209.
210, 214, 366.
Seligman, E. R. A., quoted, 240.
Sentinel, Knoxville, quoted, 363.
Separation of powers (see also govern-
mental reorganization), 30, 32, 44, 54,
81, 135-7, 138ff., 234; budget, 254;
checks and balances, 64, 137, 369; com-
pared to Trinity, 143; Tennessee, 44,
54, 143, 150.
Short ballot (see also administration, ap-
pointment, government, governmental
reorganization, judges), 151ff., 202,
366, 371; democracy, 153, 157, 200;
Kentucky convention, 154-5; New York
convention, 155-6; related movements,
159-160; Tennessee, 160-61, 366, 371.
Single tax, see taxation.
Smith, Munroe. quoted, 105, 106.
Social consciousness, 292.
Social legislation (see also due process
of law, health laws, police powers, so-
cial consciousness, social rights), 84,
97, 108, 109, 144, 277ff., 367, 371; chil-
dren, 284ff.. 287ff., 293, 294; eight-hour
day, 84, 284; general discussion, 288ff.,
292; mechanics lien, 84; minimum
wage, 84. 284, 285ff.; inodel clause, 289;
occupational disease, 97; prison labor,
84; Tennessee, 293-4, 367, 371; women,
284ff., 287ff., 293; workman's compen-
sation, 84, 97, 144, 280ff., 294, 367.
Social rights, 60. 79.
Social welfare, 277ff.
Sociological jurisprudence, 237.
South Carolina, constitution of, 122, 175,
168, 210, 224, 230, 232, 236, 260, 262, 346.
South Dakota, constitution of, 188, 189.
Southwest territory, 41, 43.
Special assessments, 90, 331, 334.
Special legislation, 63, 90, 93, 95, 135,
177ff., 186, 231, 297, 360, 365, 367, 371.
State constitutions (see also amendment,
constitutional convention, declaration
of rights, preamble, each state by
name), 21-374, esp. 21ff., 71ff.; distinc-
tion from statute, 71-2; essential ele-
ments, 25, 73; evolution, 21ff., 70ff.,
135ff.; function, 24; groups, 70ff., 98;
length, 30, 42, 52, 59, 69, 71, 81, 98,
181; methods of subdivision, 41, 52, 59;
reasons for, 24; typical, 73.
State government, see government, gov-
ernmental reorganization, separation
of powers, state constitutions.
State manual, 204.
Statutes, see legislation.
Staunton, city manager, 319.
Suffrage (see also electorate, woman
suffrage); negro, 61, 71, 112; man-
hood, 45, 60, 62, 117.
Sumner, Helen L., quoted, 110-11.
Supreme court, see courts.
Switzerland, direct legislation, 188.
Taft, W. H., quoted, 109.
Tanzer, Laurence A., quoted, 309, 310.
Taxation (see also assessment, equaliza-
tion, special assessments), 42, 43, 44,
52, 53, 60, 61, 88, 92, 97, 187, 256ff., 296,
343, 359, 360, 361, 366, 367; classifica-
tion, 259, 361; exemption, 42, 43, 53,
60, 257, 263, 278, 361, 367; general
property, 60, 88, 257, 259, 260, 268, 361;
home rule, 265, 361; income, 60, 88,
261-2, 361; inheritance, 88, 260, 262-3,
269; poll, 43-4, 53, 61, 88, 261, 268, 269;
public bonds, 88, 268, 361, 367; separa-
tion of sources, 259, 360-1; single tax,
263, 360; Tennessee, 42, 43, 44, 52, 53,
60, 61, 268-9, 360, 361, 367.
Tax commission, 267, 269.
Taylor, C. F., quoted, 148.
Tennessee, constitution of (see also sub-
head Tennessee under more important
headings), Part 1, Part 3, notes at end
of each chapter of Part 2; of 1796,
37ff., 117, 150; of 1834, 51ff., 117, 150;
of 1870, 57ff., 117, 150, 165, 168, 172,
179, 230, 262, 347, 349; efforts to
amend, 65; proposed changes, 359ff.
Tennessee, economic development of, 37ff.,
40, 42ff., 51, 52, 54, 58, 64ff.
Tennessee history, 29ff., 37ff., 51ff., 56,
57ff., 64-5.
Tennessee politics, 65, 359ff., 368ff.; fun-
damental problem, 368ff.; immediate
problems, 359ff., 372.
Texas, constitution of, 172, 173, 210, 248,
264, 305.
Times, New York, quoted, 107.
Titles, registration of, 85, 367.
Torrens system, see titles, registration of.
Toulmin, H. A., Jr., quoted, 320.
Town, New England, 335, 344.
Township, 87, 335-6.
Treasurer, 205, 212, 215, 246, 250, 366.
Trial by jury, 31, 76, 81, 96, 280, 363, 367.
Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques, 142;
quoted, 136.
Unconstitutionality of laws, see judicial
review.
United States. congress, 162; constitu-
tion, 25, 41, 71, 115, 150.
Unwritten constitutions, 23-4.
U'Ren, W. S., 148.
Utah, constitution of, 116, 266, 287, 288,
290.
Vermont, constitution of, 166, 167, 179,
213, 261.
Virginia, constitution of, 114, 115, 122,
126, 127, 154, 162, 173, 176, 178, 181,
209, 236, 272, 314, 319.
Voters, see electorate.
Voting machines, 127.
Waite, M. R., quoted, 235.
Washington, constitution of, 77, 167, 176,
194, 195, 266, 274, 304.
Water power, see conservation.
Wells, H. G., quoted, 144.
West Virginia, constitution of, 123, 165,
166, 171, 214, 229, 274, 337.
White, Edw. D., quoted, 116.
Whitten, Robt. H., quoted, 323.
Wilson, Woodrow, 143, 147; quoted, 72,
102, 121, 145, 146, 158, 216, 217, 218,
254, 256, 269, 293.
Wisconsin, constitution of, 101, 248, 262,
290, 291, 330, 331.
Wisconsin State Journal, quoted. 152.
Woman suffrage, 81, 92, 100ff., 165, 367;
current opinion, 100, 102ff; effect on
home life, 103, 105, 111; Illinois stat-
ute, 101; and office building, 165; Ten-
nessee, 117, 367.
Woodruff, C. L., quoted, 142.
World, New York, quoted, 102.
Wyoming, constitution of, 75, 113, 127,
172, 210, 260, 267, 282, 285, 287, 288,
291, 348.
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