HISTORICAL SKETCH.-Discovery of the Mississippi, 1541-Spanish Possessions in North America-French Possessions-Missions established-La Salle's explorations, 1682-Jesuit College at Kaskaskia, 1721-Detroit founded, 1701, by the French-French Military Posts-The Ohio explored, 1721-Laramie's Creek, the first English settlement in the West, 1749French War-English possess the country east of the Mississippi, 1763Louisiana settlements-Mississippi Company, 1718-Emigration-New Orleans founded-Louisiana ceded to Spain-Settlement of Kentucky-Navigation of the Mississippi-Western Lands ceded-Ohio settled-Indian Wars-Tennessee settled-Spain cedes to United States the right of Navigation of the Mississippi, 1795-Louisiana ceded to France, 1800-Ceded by France to United States, 1803-Territories organized-States admitted,. 15 PERILS OF THE EARLY SETTLERS.-French Heroism-Indian Depredations-Incidents of Frontier Life,. EARLY HISTORY OF OHIO.-Settlement at Marietta-Character of the Early Settlers-The Miami Country-French Settlement of Gallipolis-Other Settlements-Adventures-Voyaging-Wild Scenery,.. PIONEERS OF TENNESSEE.-Settlements on the Holsten-Attacks of the Indians THE MISSISSIPPI.-Schoolcraft's Discovery of its Source-Lake Pepin-The Maiden's Rock, a Legend-St. Peters-Falls of St. Anthony-Brown's Falls -Scenery of the Mississippi-Squatter Life-Commerce of the River— Navigation, Floods, Floating Timber, Snags, Sawyers-Keelboats, Flatboats, Rafts-Characteristics of the Boatmen-Incidents-Robber Bands-Earthquakes-First Steamboat-Floating Palaces-Cosmopolitanism of the Passengers, MISSOURI.-Early History-Settled by the French-St. Louis founded, 1764- WESTERN SCENERY.-Forests-Prairie Landscape, its Verdure, Flowers, Pic- 35 43 69 72 81 104 112 Description of the Route-Sufferings and Perils-ucidents-Natural Cariosities-Great Soda Fountain-Deserts-Travels in Oregon-Otter Hunting-Elk Hunting-Personal Adventures,. THE AMERICAN DESERT.-A Journey-Kit Carson-A Caravan-EquipmentsIncidents of Travel-Lost in the Desert-The Great Jornada-Sterile Region-Hostile Indians-A Tragedy-The Archilette-Crossing Rivers-The Wahsatch Mountains-Camping in the Snow-Scene of a Massacre-TaosSanta Fe-Travels in New Mexico,. PRAIRIE HUNTING.-The Buffalo-The Elk, or Wapiti-Methods of Hunting Deer-The Panther-The Lynx-The Black Bear-Grizzly Bear-The Badger --The Wolf-Hunting Adventures of John Palliser-A Hunter's Dog,.. RED RIVER OF THE NORTH.-The Earl of Selkirk's Colony-The Rival Fur Companies-Sufferings of the Settlers-The Plain Hunters,. CALIFORNIA AND THE MINES.-Gold Discovered-Emigration-General Description of California-The Gold Region,. REGION BETWEEN MISSOURI AND CALIFORNIA.-Kansas Territory-Western Kansas-Rocky Mountain Region-Valley of the Upper Colorado-Utah Territory-Sierra Nevada-Mountain Passes-Advantages of this Route for a Pacific Railroad,.. 134 172 236 258 268 276 ...... 305 THE MORMONS.-Joe Smith-Discovery of the Golden Book-The New Revelation-Real Origin of the Mormon Bible-Church Organized-Emigrate to Ohio-Remove to Jackson County, Missouri-Smith Tarred and Feathered -The Mormons remove to Clay County-Troubles with the MissiouriansDriven by a Mob across the Mississippi--Their Sufferings-They establish themselves in Illinois-Build the City of Nauvoo-The Temple-Nauvoo Legion-Internal Troubles-Civil War--Joe Smith Killed by a Mob--Brigham Young appointed Head of the Church-Mobs-Another Mormon Exodus to the Missouri-Description of the Dedication of the Temple at Nauvoo-The Tabernacle Camps in the Wilderness-Arrive at the Great Salt Lake, 1847-Government Established-The Country Described,.. PRAIRIE AND MOUNTAIN REGIONS EXPLORED.-Expedition of Fremont-The Route-Adventures on the Prairies-Kit Carson-Hunting Buffalo-Indian Village-St. Vrain's Fort-Dry Deserts-Fort Laramie-Hostile IndiansCouncil-An Alarm - Independence Rock-The South Pass-Mountain Lakes-Ascent of the Mountains-Perils-The Flag unfolded on the Summit-Descent-The Caverns-Perilous Navigation-Homeward Adventures, 322 JOURNEY FROM MISSOURI TO OREGON.-Preparations-The Start-The RouteIncidents-Appearance of the Country-Boiling Springs-Bear River-The Indians-Great Salt Lake-The Three Buttes-Fort Hall-Snake RiverThe Columbia-Arrival at Fort Vancouver-Reception,.... THE PACIFIC REGION EXPLORED.-The Tlamath Lake-Indian Villages-Great Basin-Hot Springs-Adventures-A Council-Deep Snows-Perilous Passage of the Mountains-Suffering from Cold and Hunger Beach the Valley of the Sacramento-Relief-Captain Sutter,........ 375 418 PART II. KENTUCKY.-Boundaries-Position and Area-Climate-Face of the Coun- INDIANA.-Boundaries, Position and Area-Face of the Country-Minerals- 448 459 ILLINOIS.-Origin of the Name-Boundaries, Position and Area-Face of the ARKANSAS.-Area, General Description and Boundaries-Face of the Country Minerals-Rivers-Lakes, etc.-Objects of Interest-Climate, Soil and Productions Agricultural Statistics Manufactures-Aggregate Population and Total Vote for President in 1860, and for State Auditor in 1866-Forest Trees, Animals-Counties, Population, and County Towns--Revision of State Constitution-History-Cities and Towns-Little Rock, Van Buren, Camden, Batesville, Fort Smith....................... 482 503 MICHIGAN. Position, Boundaries, Area, and General Description-GeologyThe Lake Superior Region: Its Area; Navigation of the Lake, Phenomena and Mirage of the Lake; Its Islands and Coast; Pictured Rocks, Rivers, Minerals; Iron Regions, Copper Region, Mining and Climate, Soil and Productions-General Description of Lake Huron-Lake St. Clair The Rivers, Climate, and Forest Trees of Michigan-The Animals-The State Government-History of Michigan-Its Counties, their Population and County Towns Finances and Agricultural Statistics-Lumber Trade and Mining Products-Cities and Towns-Lansing, Kalamazoo, Jackson, Adrian, Ann Arbor, Detroit, Grand Rapids, Grand Haven, Ypsilanti..... TEXAS.-Boundaries, Position, and Area-Face of the Country-Geology and Minerals-Rivers, Bays, and Sounds-Objects of Interest-Climate, Soil, and Productions-Animals-Commerce-Government-History-Cities and Towns-Galveston, Houston, San Antonio, Austin, Brownsville, Fort Alamo -Counties, Population, and County Towns-Aggregate Population, and Total Vote for President in 1860, and for Governor in 1866-State DebtEducation-Agricultural Statistics-Manufactures-Railroads......... IOWA.-Boundaries, Position, and Area-Face of the Country-Geology and Minerals-Rivers-Objects of Interest-Climate, Soil, and ProductionsForest Trees-Counties, their Population and County Towns-Results of the State's Census in 1865-Education-Finances-History-Government-Cities and Towns-Iowa City, Burlington, Dubuque, Davenport, Keokuk, Muscatine, Council Bluffs, Desmoines-The Lead Region...... WISCONSIN.-Boundaries, Position, and Area-Face of the Country-Geology and Minerals-Lakes and Rivers-Objects of Interest-Climate, Soil, Productions, and Statistics of Agriculture-Manufactures-Aggregate Population and Total Vote for President in 1860 and 1864-Forest Trees-History -Remarkable Longevity-Counties, their Population and County TownsFinances and Taxation-Cities and Towns-Milwaukee, Racine, Madison, Kenosha-General Description of Lake Michigan-Improvements of Fox and Wisconsin Rivers-Education... ... CALIFORNIA.-Boundaries, Position, and Extent-Face of the Country-Counties, with the Population and County Towns-Geology and Minerals-Gold Mining-The Quicksilver Mines-Copper Mines-The Gold Product-Bays, Rivers, Lakes, etc.-Objects of Interest-The Wonders of the Yosemite Valley-The Big Trees-Climate, Soil, Productions, and Statistics of Agricul ture-Grape-growing and Wine-making-Forest Trees-Manufactures and Commerce-Aggregate Population in 1860 and 1865-State Debt-Executive Government History Cities and Towns-San Francisco, Sacramento, Marysville, Monterey, Los Angeles, San Diego, San José-Eruption of Mount Hood-Education-Correctional Institutions... MINNESOTA. Boundaries, Position, and Area-Face of the Country-Geology- OREGON.-Boundaries, Position, and Area-Face of the Country, Mountains, 510 530 549 559 573 597 Commerce-Education-Aggregate Population in 1860 and 1865, and Total Vote for President in 1860 and 1864, and for Governor in 1866-Government Finances-The Counties, their Population and County Towns-Cities and Towns-Portland, Salem, Corvollis, Oregon City, Astoria, Dalles, etc.-History-Navigation of the Columbia River-Earthquake at Fort Klamath. 613 ▲ ANSAS.—Boundaries, Position, and Area-General View of the Face of the Country; the Climate, Soil, Productions, and Resources of Kansas-Zoology-History-Counties, their Population and County Towns-Agricultural Statistics-Manufactures-Finances-Education-Population by National Census in 1860, and by State Census of 1865-Geology-Salt RegionSoil and Climate-Wool-growing-Railroads--Cities and Towns-Lawrence, Leavenworth, Lecompton, Atchison, Topeka, Fort Leavenworth, Fort Riley... 623 NEVADA. Boundaries and Position-History-State Government-Judicial NEVADA.—Boundaries Districts-Counties and County Towns-Great Seal of State-Geological Survey of State and Mining School-Total Vote of President in 1864, and at the State Elections in 1864 and 1866-Area of State, and State LandsPublic Instruction-Volunteers and Militia-Finances-County StatisticsThe Silver Mines of Nevada-Discovery in Development of the Comstock Lode-The Great Yield and Future Promise-The Companies Operating on the Comstock-Cost of Mining-Interior of the Mines-Visit to Gould and Curry Mine-Reese River Mines--Production of Different Mining CentersCities and Towns-Virginia City, Austin, Carson City, Aurora, etc.-Rivers. 636 NEBRASKA. Position and Boundaries-The Counties, and the Vote in each in 1866 for and against the State Constitution-Result of the State and Territorial Elections in 1866-Face of the Country-Objects of InterestClimate, Soil, and Timber-Animals -History-Movements for making Nebraska a State-Vetoes of Bills-Final Passage of a Bill of Admission over the Veto-Cities and Towns-Omaha, Nebraska City, Fort Kearney, etc.-Minerals-Miscellaneous........ NEW MEXICO.-Position, Boundaries, and Area-Face of the Country-Minerals-Rivers-Objects of Interest-Climate, Soil, and Productions-Valley of the Rio Grande-Irrigation-Stock-raising-Wine-making in New Mexico-Forest Trees-Cities and Towns-Santa Fe, etc.-Manufactures and Commerce-Population, and Total Vote in 1865 for Delegate to Congress-The Counties, with the Population of each in 1860, and the Total Vote in each in 1865 for Delegate-History..... 655 662 UTAH.-Position and Boundaries-General Description-The Wasatch Mountains-Minerals and Mining-Lakes and Rivers-The Great Salt Lake— Objects of Interest-Climate, Soil, and Productions-Results of IrrigationForest Trees-Manufactures-Commerce-Population in 1863 and 1865Cities and Towns-Salt Lake City, Fillmore City, etc.-History, and Government, Civil and Ecclesiastical-Troubles between the Federal Government and the Mormon Leaders-Three Governments in Utah-Territorial Government--Deseret State Government--The Mormon Church Organization. 669 WASHINGTON.-Position Boundaries, and Area-Face of the Country, and Mountains-Minerals-Rivers, Bays, Sounds, and Islands-Objects of Interest-Climate, Soil, and Productions-The Region on Puget's Sound and its Lumber Trade-Forest Trees and Animals-Statistics of AgricultureManufactures-Population-Counties, their Population, and County Towns -Towns-Olympia, etc.-The Coast, and Coast Trade......... COLORADO.-Position, Area, and General Description-Mining, Agricultural, and Manufacturing Advantages-The Pike's Peak Region-Its Gold Mines Climate, Curiosities, etc.-Tour through Colorado, descriptive of the Plains, 677 |