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The U. S. Treasury Tables of 1850 shows that we sold the South that year of our own manufactured goods and wares $240,000,000.

We sold them imported goods, which we paid for by Southern exports,

Interest and brokerage we made out of them the same year

Money spent in the North by Southern travelers

Making our total business with the South for that year

$106,000,000

63,200,000

53,750,394.

462,560,394

The same U. S. Treasury Tables show that the tonage of the North was 1,831,886 tons, while that of the South was only 391,518 tons.

And to employ this shipping the North only furnished $3,500,000 worth of freight, while the South furnished $24,500,000 worth.

Thus while the South furnishes six-sevenths of all the freight of the United States, she owns less than onesixth of the tonnage-showing you how the peculiar productions of the South give almost all the employ. ment to our ships, and pour a perpetual tide of wealth into our coffers.

So you see the perfect harmony which exists between the natural productions and the industrial operations of the North and the South-that the material advantages of the Union are connected with the prosperity of all classes.

Politically, the Union rests upon a thousand sacred memories linked with the glory and patriotism of our fathers and with the providential protection of the sacred right of self-government, through ages of lifeand-death-conflict with the centralizing power of Norman despotism.

Materially, it rests upon a law of immutable neces

sity, eternally indicated in the reciprocal benefits and commercial balances which Nature establishes between the productions of Northern and Southern climates.

But these commercial benefits, great as they are, are altogether secondary to the grand patriotic motive of preserving the sacred principle of self-government-of local Saxon independence—which our fathers supposed they had secured to all the descending generations of their offspring.

Shall this principle perish with us?

Shall the guilt of destroying this Government rest with our generation?

Who is willing to take the weight of such a crime upon his head?

Where shall the perjured wretch be found who would strike down the Constitution and the laws, that are the foundation of our liberty and the life of our country?

Men who love your country-sons of patriot siresthrow out your banners upon every house-top, enscribed all over with those words of light and life :—

"THE UNION! THE CONSTITUTION! AND THE LAW!" And with those other words, pressed evermore to the lips of ages:

"Our country! our whole country! and nothing but our country!"

Let us apply the following words of Gen. Morris's inimitable song to the present unhappy times, when those in authority seem determined to take advantage of the mad hour of rebellion, to destroy the whole Temple of Liberty. The old tree is our constitution— the woodman is the power, whether executive or congressional, which ignores its sacred laws :

Woodman, spare that tree!
Touch not a single bough!
In youth it sheltered me,
And I'll protect it now.

'T was my forefather's hand
That placed it near his cot;
There, woodman, let it stand;
Thy axe shall harm it not.
That old familiar tree,
Whose glory and renown
Are spread o'er land and sea-
And wouldst thou hew it down?
Woodman, forbear thy stroke!
Cut not its earth-bound ties;
Oh, spare that aged oak,
Now towering to the skies!
When but an idle boy,

I sought its grateful shade;
In all their gushing joy

Here, too, my sisters played.
My mother kissed me here;
My father pressed my hand-
Forgive this foolish tear,

But let that old oak stand.

My heart-strings round thee cling Close as thy bark, old friend! Here shall the wild-bird sing,

And still thy branches bend. Old tree! the storm still brave! And, woodman, leave the spot: While I've a hand to save,

Thy axe shall harm it not.

APPENDIX.

CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.

WE the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this CONSTITUTION for the United States of America.

ARTICLE I.

SECTION 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a senate and house of representatives.

SECTION 2. The house of representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several States, and the electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislature.

No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in which he shall be chosen.

Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several states which may be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each State shall have at least one representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three, Massachusetts

eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three.

When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, the executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies.

The House of Representatives shall choose their speaker and other officers; and shall have the sole power of impeachment.

SECTION 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two senators from each state, chosen by the legislature thereof, for six years; and each senator shall have one vote.

Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the legislature of any state, the executive thereof may make temporary appointment until the next meeting of the legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies.

No person shall be a senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state for which he shall be chosen.

The vice-president of the United States shall be president of the Senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided.

The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a president pro-tempore, in the absence of the vice-president, or when he shall exercise the office of president of the United States.

The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments: When sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the president of the United States is tried, the chief-justice shall preside: and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present.

Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualifications to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust or profit under the United States: but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment and punishment, according to law.

SECTION 4. The times, places and manner of holding elections for senators and representatives, shall be prescribed in each state by the legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by law, make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing senators. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a different day.

SECTION 5. Each house shall be the judge of the elections, returns

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