CHAPTER I.

SUFFRAGE AND CITIZENSHIP

....562

Who are citizens-Advance in extent of suffrage-Who are voters-Citizens

of States and of United States.

CHAPTER II.

CITIZENS OF FOREIGN BIRTH.....

Naturalization-Various steps in naturalization-Digest of laws.

..564

...567

Who are entitled to vote for State officers-For United States officers-

History of general elections-People obtain direct control.

CHAPTER IV.

RATIO OF REPRESENTATION....

...569

Changes with each census Reason for it-Data-Present ratio and num-

ber of Members of Congress.

CHAPTER V.

OATHS AND BONDS

.574

Reasons for them-"Iron-clad oaths "-Who give bonds-Amount of bonds

required.

CHAPTER VI.

GOVERNMENT PRISONS

....577

Vigor of the government - Mildness in punishment-Why it owns no

prisons.

Officers and salaries-When published-Where obtained.

.....581

CHAPTER X.

THE UNITED STATES FLAG....

.582

Significance of the Flag-History of its origin-The "Star-Spangled Ban-

ner" and Ft. McHenry.

CHAPTER XI.

THE GREAT SEAL

....585

Uses of Seals-How applied-Who keeps the Great Seal-History of the
Great Seal-Jefferson, Adams, etc.-Failure of committees to please-
Efforts of Secretary of Congress—Adams and the English Baronet -
Description of the Seal.

-

.588

Origin of law in various kinds of government-In the U. S. all law springs
from the People-The fundamental law - Legislative acts-Laws by
Treaty-Universal law.

LAW OF NATIONS

CHAPTER XIII.

.591

Its origin-Standard authorities on International Law-How it is enforced
-General features of Law of Nations-United States and England—A
future Supreme Tribunal.

CHAPTER XIV.

RELATION OF U. S. GOVERNMENT TO RELIGION.

594

Does not support religion - Shows respect to the sentiments of all its peo.
ple-Consequent policy.

CHAPLAINS

CHAPTER XV.

Why employed-No sect preferred-Salaries-Where employed.

COMPROMISES.

CHAPTER XVI.

..596

..598

Necessity of them from the commencement - Constitutional Compromise
-Missouri Compromise of 1820-Mason and Dixon's Line-Compro-
mises of 1850-Their failure brings on the Civil War.

TREASON.

CHAPTER XVII.

Defined by the Constitution-The punishment inflicted.

..602

CHAPTER XVIII.

POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE U. S.....

....603

Sectional divisions-Their disappearance-Circuit Courts-States-District
Courts-Congressional Districts- Counties-Towns-School Districts.

CHAPTER XIX.

HISTORY OF THE U. S. FROM 1783 To 1812 ...

...606

Prostration of the country after the war-Congress has no effective control
of finances-Negligence of the States-Shay's rebellion in Mass.-Vig-
orous action of Gen. Lincoln-Virginia urges call of a Constitutional
Convention-Meeting and result of the Convention-Last acts and dis-
solution of Continental- Congress-Washington's first Administration—
The rise of parties, Federal and Anti-federal — Washington's second
Administration- Difficulties with England - With France - Country
prospers-Adams' Administration-Naval war with France-Jefferson's
Administrations-Louisiana purchased-Increasing trouble with Eng-
land-Madison's Administrations-War declared.

CHAPTER XX.

THE WAR OF 1812.....

-

.620

Causes of the war-Disasters in Canada-Successes on the sea-Barbarity

of British and Indians--Incompetence of U. S. officers-Second Cam-

paign-Brilliant naval successes-Mortification of the British-Political

opposition to the war embarrasses the Government and encourages the

enemy-Third Campaign an American success-Gen. Scott in Canada-

Defeat of the British at Plattsburg, on Lake Erie; before Baltimore, at

New Orleans.

CHAPTER XXI.

HISTORY FROM 1815 TO 1846...

-

.629

Results of the war highly favorable to the U. S.- Gains respect abroad-
Party bitterness subsides - Compromise of 1820-Great prosperity —
Florida Purchase-Monroe's two Administrations-J. Q. Adams' Admin-
istration Sections divide on the Tariff-Jackson's two Administrations
-Nullification of South Carolina-Jackson's promptness-Seminole
war-Van Buren's Administration-Financial disasters-Harrison and
Tyler-Admission of Texas-Election of Polk.

CHAPTER XXII.

THE MEXICAN WAR-FROM 1848 TO 1860...

.638

Causes of the war-
—Battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma-Taking
of Monterey-Battle of Buena Vista-Gen. Scott in Mexico-His long

succession of victories - Enters the City of Mexico-Treaty of Guada-

lupe Hidalgo-Increase of territory-Discovery of gold in California—

California applies for admission as a State-Raises the violent opposition

of Slave States-Compromises of 1850-Taylor and Fillmore-Pierce's

Administration-Repeal of the Missouri Compromise-Troubles in

Kansas-Buchanan's Administration Preparation for Secession-

Growth of the Republican party.

THE CIVIL WAR.

-

CHAPTER XXIII.

645

Real causes of the Civil War-The elections of Nov., 1860-Made the pre-
text for Secession-South Carolina Secedes-Forts and property of the
government seized in the South-Southern States successively Secede-
Southern Confederacy formed-Want of energy in the Administration-
Inauguration of Lincoln-The Union to be defended.

CHAPTER XXIV.

FIRST PHASE OF THE WAR

651

Firing on Ft. Sumter-It electrifies the North-Call for troops—General
mustering for war-Capture of Harper's Ferry and Gosport Navy Yard,
Fighting in the border States-Experience gained in the general skir-
mishing-Reluctance to join the great issue-Battle of Bull Run-
Washington saved, if the battle is lost-Immense preparations by sea
and land-Confederate government in Richmond.

CHAPTER XXV.

SECOND PHASE OF THE WAR

658

The large armies have acquired much discipline and experience-Move-
ment of McClellan on Richmond - Movement flanking Confederate
positions on the upper Mississippi-Severe battles near Richmond-
McClellan's failure-Success in the West-The rising fortunes of Grant
at Donnelson, Henry, and Pitttsburg Landing-Advance of Lee-Pope's
failure Battles in Maryland - Lee's retreat - Bragg's advance and
retreat-Battle of Fredericksburg-General results of the Campaign.

Emancipation proclamation-The year remarkable for the large number

of engagements and formidable character of the operations - Battle

of Chancellorsville and advance of Lee into Penn. - His defeat at

Gettysburg and return to Va.-Capture of New Orleans-Taking of

Vicksburg-Defeat at Chickamauga retrieved by Grant-General results

of the Campaign.

CHAPTER XXVII.

CAMPAIGN OF 1864.....

.....670

Struggle of Grant and Lee in Virginia — Sherman's "March to the Sea"-
“Beginning of the end.”

CHAPTER XXVIII.

CONCLUDING CAMPAIGN...

...

..675

General discouragement in the South-Capture of Seaboard cities - Re-
inaugeration of the President - Fall of Petersburg and retreat of Lee-
Close of the War-Assassination of Lincoln.

CHAPTER XXIX.

HISTORY FROM 1865 тo 1876....

...680

Opposed reconstruction policy of Congress and President Johnson-Fi-
nancial condition - Patrons of Husbandry - Election and re-election of
Gen. Grant-The centennial year.

LEGAL FORMS-BY JUDGE J. C. POWER, OF THE FIRST

DISTRICT OF Iowa....

-

-

-

..729

Legal form of Will-Statement of Testator - Disposition of Property —
Appointment of Executors-Statement of Witnesses - Circumstances
of Signature Necessity of two Witnesses — Articles of Copartnership
-Statement of Agreement - Conditions Mutually agreed to-Signature
-Agreement to continue Copartnership - Agreement to dissolve Co-
partnership Power of Attorney-How signed and acknowledged -
Form of Submission to Arbitration — Form of Award of Arbitrators-
General Form of Agreement -Agreement for sale of personal property-
Agreement for sale of Real Estate - How executed and acknowledged—
Form of Lease-Form of Warranty Deed-Form of acknowledgement
of execution of Deed - Witnesses to signature - Mortgage Deed-Ne-
gotiable Note-Non negotiable Note-Note transferable by delivery—
Due bill-Receipt - What statements required in Receipt.

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