with committing hostile acts
against Germany, 107; appeals
on August 4, 1914, to Great
Britain for diplomatic interven-
tion in her behalf, 115; Ger-
many's reasons for violating neu-
trality of, 116; difference be-
tween Britain's obligation to
preserve neutrality of, and case
of Luxemburg, 121; history of
events leading to guaranteeing
of perpetual neutrality of, by
treaty of 1839, 122-124; argu-
ments of both sides concerning
Germany's violation of neutral-
ity of, 124-140; question as to
guilt or innocence of, in the war,
188.
Berlin Congress and treaty (1878),
5, 21.
Bethmann-Hollweg, made chancel-
lor, 14; final interview between
British ambassador and, 117-
120; quoted on violation of neu-
trality of Belgium and Luxem
burg, 130.
Bismarck, policy of, regarding
France, 5; formation of Three
Emperors' League by, 5; suc-
ceeds in policy of isolating
France, 7-8.
Bosnia, annexation of, by Austria-
Hungary (1908), 22.
Bridges, Colonel, conversation be-
tween General Jungbluth and,
132-133, 136.
Buchanan, Sir G., views of, on
Austro-Serbian crisis, 54, 55.
Bucharest, treaty of (1912), 30.
Bulgaria, revolt of, from Turkey
in 1876, 19; declared an
tonymous state under treaty of
San Stefano (1878), 20; by
treaty of Berlin is made an au-
tonymous principality tributary
to Turkey, 21; results to, of
Balkan Wars of 1912-14, 29,
30; dissatisfaction of, with
treaty of Bucharest, 31; mer-
cenary course of, upon outbreak
of war of 1914, 178-181; war
declared upon, by Entente
powers, 181.
China, friction between Russia and
Britain in, 9; foothold gained
by Germany in, 141; Japan's
request in 1914 that Germany
withdraw from, 144-145.
Concert of Europe, league of great
powers known as, 2; duration
of, 2; progress toward world
peace made under, 2-3.
Crimean War, Moldavia and Wal-
lachia freed from Russian pro-
tectorate as result of, 18.
Delcassé, Théophile, appointed
French foreign minister, 11;
brings about friendly relations
between France and Great
Britain, 11-12.
Dernburg, Bernhard, defense of
Germany's violation of Belgian
neutrality by, 134-135.
Diplomacy, inefficiency of Euro-
pean, during Austro-Serbian
crsis, 72-73; question whether
war could not have been avoided
by a wise, 190.
Dual Alliance, formed between
Russia and France, 8.
Ducarme, General, conversations
between Colonel Barnardiston
and, 131-132.
Edward VII, influence of, in estab-
lishing friendly relations be-
tween Great Britain and France,
Fashoda, Marchand expedition to,
10-11.
France, effect on, of loss of Alsace-
Lorraine, 4; Bismarck's policy
toward, 5; success of Bismarck's
policy of isolation of, 7-8; forms
Dual Alliance with Russia, 8;
rivalry between Great Britain
and, at end of 19th century, 10-
11;
establishment of Entente
Cordiale between Great Britain
and, 11-12; attempted inter-
ference of Germany with Moroc
can policy of, 18-16; attitude of,
toward Austro-Hungarian ulti-
matum to Serbia upon assassina-
tion of Archduke, 54; asked by
Germany to influence Russia to
moderation, in Austro-Serbian
crisis, 73-74; attitude of, to-
ward Germany's proposal, 74;
immediate steps leading to war
between Teutonic powers and,
99-101; effort made by Ger
many to secure neutrality of,
110-111; charged by Germany
with intentions of marching
through Belgium, 126, 133-134;
share of responsibility of, for the
war, 187-188.
Francis Ferdinand, Archduke, as
sassination of, 32; questions
raised concerning assassination
of, as to cause and results, 186.
Franco-German War, results of, 4.
Frankfort, treaty of (1871), 4.
Fuehr, The Neutrality of Belgium,
cited, 125; quoted, 140 n.
Germany, policy of, as dictated by
Bismarck, following Franco-
German War, 4-6; forms Triple
Alliance against Russia, 6-7;
growth of rivalry between Great
Britain and, 8-9; defeat of at-
tempt of, to interfere in French
Moroccan policy, 13; further
controversy with France over
Moroccan policy, 14-16; de-
velopment of rivalry between
Russia and, in the Balkans, 21-
24; supports Austria-Hungary
in Balkan policy, 24; relation
of, to affairs between Austria-
Hungary and Serbia following
assassination of Archduke, 51-
52; counts on neturality of
Great Britain in Serbian crisis,
55; plan of, for solving war
problem in Austro-Serbian
crisis, 71, 73-74; key to situa-
tion in
Austro-Serbian crisis
said to have been held by, 78-
79; declines to exercise influ-
ence over Austria, 79; objection
of, to Earl Grey's suggestion of
mediation by four powers. 80;
ratifies Austria's promise to re-
spect integrity of Serbia, 87;
attitude toward efforts of the
powers to isolate the war, 90,
91; war declared between Rus-
sia and (August 1), 94; steps
that led to mobilization in, 94-
99; declaration of war between
France and, 99-101; steps lead-
ing to declaration of war upon,
by Great Britain, 102 ff.; seeks
to keep Great Britain neutral,
104; effort made by, to secure
neutrality of France, 110-111;
reasons given by, for violating
Belgian neutrality, 116; decla-
ration of war against, by Great
Britain, 120; violation of neu-
trality of Luxemburg by, 120-
121; bound by treaty of 1839
to observe neutrality of Bel-
gium, 124; arguments of, in de-
fense of violation of Belgian
neutrality, 124-140; events
leading to Japan's declaration
of war against, 141-145;
course followed by, to win sup-
port of Turkey, 149-156; Italy
declares war against, 177; de-
clares war on Portugal, 182-
183; share of, in responsibility
for the war, 187.
Goschen, Sir E., account of final
interview with German chan-
cellor, 117-120.
Great Britain, isolated position of,
between powers of the Triple
and the Dual Alliance, 8; indus-
trial and colonial rivalry be-
tween Germany and, 8-9;
strained relations with Russia
and France, 9-10; alliance with
Japan due to Russian rivalry
in Far East, 10; conflicting in-
terests with France in north-
ern Africa, 10-11; friendly un-
derstanding brought about be-
tween France and, 11-12; steps
leading to friendly relations
with Russia, 12; declares a neu-
tral attitude concerning Austro-
Hungarian ultimatum to Serbia,
54-55; steps leading to declara-
tion of war on Teutonic powers,
102-120; declaration of war
against Germany, and later
against Austria, by, 120; prom-
ises aid to Belgium in case neu-
trality is violated, 131; inten-
tion of violating neutrality of
Belgium disavowed by, 137-
140; dealings between Turkey
and, leading to break in rela-
tions, 145-156; reported agree-
ment between Italy and (April
25, 1915), 176; share of, in re-
sponsibility for the war, 188-
189.
Greece, steps leading to independ-
ence of, 17-18.
Greindl, Baron, dispatch from, to
Belgian minister of foreign af-
fairs, 133.
Grey, Sir Edward, gives impres-
sion that England will remain
neutral in case of Austrian
war with Serbia, 54-55; opin-
ion of, as to proper course for
Serbia to follow, 61; opinion of
Serbia's reply to Austria, 68;
asked by Germany to exercise
moderating influence with Rus-
sia, 73; policy of joint media-
tion proposed by, 74-75; asks
Germany to use influence with
Austria against war, 79; second
proposal of, concerning arrange-
ment of an agreement by four
powers, 79-80; proposal of
July 31, looking to prevention
of war between Russia and Aus-
tria, 89; statement by, of Brit-
ish position as to taking part in
possible European war, 103-
104; failure of, to give positive
declaration of Great Britain's
attitude concerning war be-
tween powers, 103-106; state-
ment as to preservation of neu-
trality of Belgium, 106-107;
negotiations between German
ambassador and, 107-112;
quoted on British protection of
neutrality of Belgium, 137, 138.
Hague Tribunal, Franco-German
dispute over Casablanca affair
settled by. 14.
Hayes, Political and Social His-
tory of Modern Europe, cited,
9, 11, 12. 15. 16.
Hazen, Europe Since 1815, cited,
17, 19, 21, 142.
Hertslet, The Map of Europe by
Treaty, cited, 125.
Herzegovina, annexation of, by
Austria-Hungary (1908), 22.
Internationalism, significance of,
as opposed to nationalism, 3;
becomes allied with despotism,
3; lost opportunity of, 4.
Italy, reasons of, for becoming a
member of Triple Alliance, 7;
attitude of, in Austro-Serbian
crisis, 75-76; effect of
with Turkey in 1911-12 on re-
lations of, to Triple Alliance,
157; remains neutral
upon
breaking out of European war,
158; progress of events leading
to declaration of war against
Austria, 158-177: declaration
of war against Germany by.
177.
Japan, alliance between Great
Britain and, 10; joins sides
with Triple Entente, 12;
treaties between England and,
141-142; conduct of, at open-
ing of European war, 142; ulti-
matum sent to Germany, re-
garding withdrawal from Orient,
144-145; declares war on Ger-
many, 145; Austria breaks re-
lations with, 145.
Joint mediation plan proposed by
Earl Grey in Austro-Serbian
crisis, 74; approved by Russia,
Italy, and France, 75.
Quadruple Alliance of 1815, 1.
Quintuple Treaty, guaranteeing
neutrality of Belgium (1839),
124-125.
Rumania, races found in princi-
pality of, 18-19; results to, of
Balkan wars of 1912-14, 30;
position at opening of European
war, 183-184; joins sides with
Allies, 184.
Russia, party to quadruple alli-
ance of 1815, 1; a member of
Three Emperors' League, 5:
rivalry of Austria and, in the
Balkans, 5-6; diplomatic vic-
tory of Austria over, by revised
treaty of San Stefano, 6; Bis-
marck aids Austria against, 6;
alliance of Germany, Austria-
Hungary, and Italy against, 6-
7; Dual Alliance formed be-
tweend France and, 8; rivalry
between Great Britain and, at
end of 19th century, 10; steps
leading to friendly relations be-
tween Great Britain and, 12;
continued rivalry between Teu-
tonic powers and, in the Balk-
ans, 21-24; Germany supports
Austria-Hungary against, 23-
24; hostility of, toward Aus-
tria-Hungary increased by Aus-
tria's attitude in Balkan wars
of 1912-14, 29; takes stand
against Austro-Hungarian
mands on Serbia following as-
sassination of Archduke, 53-54;
seeks support of Great Britain,
55-56; refusal of request made
by, to Austria, that time limit
set by ultimatum to Serbia be
extended, 58-59; plan of, for
preventing war in Austro-Ser-
bian crisis, 71; effort made by
Germany to secure neutrality
of, 73; mobilizes forces, but
shows anxiety to avoid a con-
flict, 77; negotiations of, with
Austria, 81-83; determination
of, to stand by Serbia, 84; ef-
forts of other powers to prevent
war between Austria and, 84-
85; final offer made to Austria
by (July 30), 92; war declared
between Germany and (August
1), 94; steps that led to mob-
ilization in, 94-99; Austria de-
clares war on, 99; events lead-
ing to break in relations with
Turkey, 155-156; share of re-
sponsibility to be assigned to,
for the war, 187.
San Stefano, treaty of (1878), 6,
Sazonof, Russian foreign minister,
views of, on Austro-Serbian
crisis, 53, 55, 57 ff.
Serbia, early history of, 17;
achieves independence, 20; ill
treatment of, by Austria-Hun-
gary, 24; results to, of wars
with Turkey in 1912-14, 26-
31; state of relations between
Austria-Hungary and, in 1914,
32; attitude of press, people,
and government of, concerning
assassination of Archduke
Francis Ferdinand, 33-40; ul-
timatum sent to, by Austria-
Hungary, in note of July 23,
1914, 41-46; attitude of, upon
receiving the Austro-Hungarian
note, 52-53; moderate reply of,
to Austrian note, 62-68; failure
of reply of, to satisfy Austria,
and consequent rupture of diplo-
matic relations, 68-69; reported
inevitability of war being thrust
upon, by Austria, 77-78; war
declared against, by Austria,
83.
Stowell, The Diplomacy of the War
of 1914, cited and quoted, 7,
12, 23, 124, 125.
Three Emperors' League, forma-
tion of, 5.
Times, London, quoted on nego-
tiations between Sir Edward
Grey and German ambassador,
108; quoted on points which
decided British policy toward
the war, 113, 115; quoted on
British view of neutrality of Bel-
gium, 137, 139.
Triple Alliance, formation of, 7;
weakening of, by Turco-Italian
War of 1911-12, 157; articles
of, affecting Italy's obligations
in European war, 158 n.
Triple Entente, steps leading up
to, 12.
Turkey, effects of treaty of San
Stefano upon, 5-6; history of
early activities of, in Balkans,
16-18; Greece becomes inde-
pendent of, 18; German sup-
port of, against Russia, 22;
wars between Balkan states
and, in 1912-14, 25-31; events
determining course of, in Euro-
pean war, 145-156; breaks re-
lations with Entente powers,
156.
Vienna, rearrangement of map of
Europe at Congress of (1814-
15), 1.
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