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the names, not of Christian saints, but of Hebrew patriarchs and warriors.

9. "In defiance of the express and reiterated declarations of Luther and Calvin, they turned the weekly festival by which the Church had, from the primitive times, commemorated the resurrection of her Lord, into a Jewish Sabbath. . . . . It was a sin to hang garlands on a Maypole, to drink a friend's health, to fly a hawk, to hunt a stag, to play at chess, to wear lovelocks, to put starch into a ruff, to touch the virginals, to read the Fairy Queen. Rules such as these, rules which would have appeared insupportable to the free and joyous spirit of Luther, and contemptible to the serne and philosophical intellect of Zwingle, threw over all life a more than monastic gloom. The extreme Puritan was at once known from other men by his gait, his garb, his lank hair, the sour solemnity of his face, the upturned white of his eyes, the nasal twang with which he spoke, and, above all, by his peculiar dialect. He employed, on every occasion, the imagery and style of Scripture. Hebraisms violently introduced into the English language, and metaphors borrowed from the boldest lyric poetry of a remote age and country, and applied to the common concerns of English life, were the most triking peculiarities of this cant, which moved, not with>ut cause, the derision both of prelatists and libertines."

10. This portraiture of the character of the Puritans, ike most of the word-painting of Macaulay, is perhaps overwrought and too highly colored. It exhibits the darker side only of this wonderful people, and shows nothing of the many fine and tender traits, as well as high heroic virtues, for which they were equally distinguished.

11. A sect of these Puritans known as Brownists, from the name of their founder, had taken refuge at Leyden, in Holland, from the arnoyances to which they were liable in

10. Is Macaulay's estimate just?

11. What induced the Puritans to leave Holland

England. They resided in that city for some years, under the pastoral charge of Mr. John Robinson; but not finding their situation altogether congenial, they came to the determination to remove to America. As they desired to settle within the limits of the territory then known as Virginia, they sent two of their number, Robert Cushing and John Carver, to England, for the purpose of obtaining the consent of the London Company.

12. Their application was favorably received, and, through the influence of Sir Edwin Sandys, secretary of the company, a patent under the company's seal was obtained, and a tract of land was assigned them. They wished, also, that their enterprise should receive the approbation of the king; but James hated the Puritans, and the greatest favor they could obtain from him was his promise. to let them alone. Money was obtained from a company of London merchants on terms that constituted the merchants partners in the adventure. Ten pounds in money advanced by the merchant was made equal to seven years of labor of the emigrant. The profits were to be reserved to the end of that time, when a distribution was to be made. This association of Puritans was, from their migrations, also called Pilgrims.

13. They procured two vessels, the Speedwell, of sixty tons, and the Mayflower, of one hundred and eighty tons burthen. They set sail on the 22d of July, 1620, but the Speedwell was soon found to be unseaworthy, and they were compelled to put back for repairs. They sailed again from Southampton on the 5th of August, but were compelled to put back the second time. They returned to Portsmouth, at which place they abandoned the Speedwell, with some of the party whose courage failed them. The May

12. How was their application to the London Company received? Why did not the king favor their enterprise? What were the terms of their contract with the merchants? Why were the Puritans who settled at Plymouth called Pilgrims?

13. What were the names of the vessels in which the Pilgrims sailed? When did the Mayflower finally set sail ?

flower finally set sail on the 6th of September, with one hundred and one persons on board.

14. Their destination was the mouth of the Hudson River, but they were conducted by their captain, wnether ignorantly or of set purpose, to a much more bleak and inhospitable region, north of that river. After a voyage of sixty-three days they came in sight of Cape Cod, and

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the 10th of November they cast anchor in that harbor. Having no charter from the king, they, as yet, had no form of government. One, purely democratic, was adopted before landing, drawn up in writing, and signed by the men, forty-one in number. Mr. John Carver was unanimously chosen governor for one year.

14. What was the place of their destination? What was the length of thei:

15. Several days were spent in searching for a suitable place to land. At last the desired harbor was found, and on the 22d of December, 1620, the Pilgrims landed. The place they named Plymouth, after or in honor of the place in England from which they had sailed. No time was speut in idleness; trees must be felled, and houses built. Lots were assigned to families, and on the third day they began to build. The winter was very severe, and the sufferings of the colonists were great. By the first of April, 1621, all but forty-six of those who had landed were dead. Among the dead were Governor Carver, his wife, and son. At one time there were but seven well persons in the whole settlement. With the return of spring came health and renewed vigor.

16. In March, a short time before the death of Governor Carver, a treaty of amity was made with Massasoit, the great chief of the Wampanoags, with Samoset, a chief of the same tribe, and eight smaller chiefs. This treaty was of great service to the colony, as, in its weak and suffering condition, it could easily have been destroyed by savage enemics. It was kept inviolate by both parties for fifty years. As spring advanced the health of the colonists improved. But their supply of provisions was barely sufficient to last them until harvest. Massasoit taught them the cultivation and use of maize or Indian corn, the first of which was planted in the month of May, 1621. In November, a ship arrived with thirty-five immigrants, wholly without provisions. The following winter their sufferings were much increased; sometimes for months they had no grain at all.

17. William Bradford, who was chosen governor after the death of Carver, was so much beloved that he was convoyage? When did they first come in sight of land? What was the form of government adopted before landing? 15 What was the day of their landing? Why did they call the place Ply. mouca? What is said of their sufferings and condition during the winter! What eminent man died?

16. What treaty was made? What was their condition in the winter of 1621? 17. Who succeeded Carver as governor? What is said of him? What it mentioned as one o' the causes of scarcity?

tinued in office the greater part of the time until his death, nearly forty years in all. The harvest of 1622 was scanty, and the settlers would have suffered greatly had it not been for the friendship of the Indians. One of the causes of scarcity was the deep religious feeling of the leading Puritans, who had desired, in imitation of Apostolic times, to have a community of property. But even amongst the Puritans there were some who would not work, as long as they were permitted to eat the fruit of the labor of others. And so the system was changed, and, in the spring of 1623, each family had allotted a parcel of ground to cultivate for itself. All had now to work for themselves, or to do without the necessaries of life. After the harvest of that year there was never any general want of food.

18. In 1623, the Pilgrims, as they were called, as before stated, were involved in an Indian war, through the conduct of another small English colony, which had in the meantime been established at Weymouth, near Boston harbor. Thomas Weston, one of the London merchants who had advanced money to settlers, moved by the hope of gain, had obtained a patent from the Plymouth Company in England for a small district in Massachusetts Bay, on Boston harbor. To this place he sent a company of about sixty men, who were dissolute in their habits, and by their aggressions gave so much offence to the Indians that a plot was laid to entirely exterminate the English. Massasoit, the friendly chief, grateful to the colony at Plymous for kindness received from them, revealed the plot to the governor, who immediately sent Captain Standish to the new settlement for its defence. Captain Standish took with him but eight men. Hastening to the scene of ac tion, he was in time, not only to prevent the attack, but also to surprise the Indians. He attacked them unexpectedly, slew the principa. instigators of the plot, and drove

18. How were the Pilgrims involved in war in 1623? What is said of Weston and his settlement? Who revealed the plot of the Indians? What is said of Captain Standish ?

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