of troops from Virginia the rebellion was suppressed in 1711. In 1712, the Tuscarora and Coree Indians formed a conspiracy to destroy the white settlers. Twelve hundred warriors entered into the plot. They carried on their design with great cunning and secrecy. From their principal town they sent out small parties, who entered the settlements, as friends, by different roads. The massacre was to begin the same night. On that night they entered the planters' houses and demanded provisions. They pretended displeasure with the provisions, and then the slaughter began. Men, women, and children, were slain without distinction or mercy.

9. The savages ran from house to house and slaughtered the scattered families wherever they went. About Roanoke one hundred and thirty-seven settlers fell a sacrifice to savage fury in one fatal night. These were German Palatines, led by Baron de Graffenreid, a Swiss, and had but lately come into the country. They were nearly all slain, but some few escaped, and by alarming their neighbors prevented the total destruction of that colony. The militia of the country collected as rapidly as possible, and held the savages in check until assistance was sent from another quarter, as we shall see.

10. The progress of the colony had been so slow that in 1717 the number of taxable inhabitants did not exceed two thousand, having gained no more than six hundred in fortyone years. The interior of the country had not been explored, and the great fertility of that region was altogether unknown. At length the beauty of the country and richness of the soil became known, and emigrants to that colony rapidly poured in. At the commencement of the war of the Revolution the population amounted to one hundred and eighty-one thousand.

9. How many we e killed about Roanoke? Who were these? How was the colony saved?

10. What is said of the slow progress of the colony? How many inhabitants were there at the commencement of the Revolution?

11. In 1729 the Proprietaries sold their rights to the King, and henceforth the government of the colony devolved upon the crown under the charter. The last Proprietary governor was Sir Richard Everhard; the first royal governor, George Barrington.

CHAPTER XVI.

SETTLEMENT OF SOUTH CAROLINA.

1670-1707.

Port Royal-Charleston-Seth Sothel-Indian War.

1. "THAT germ of civilization," says Dr. Ramsay in his History of South Carolina, "which took root, flourished, and spread in South Carolina, was first planted at or near Port Royal, in 1670, by a few emigrants from England, under the direction of William Sayle, the first governor of the province," under the royal charter of Charles II. They removed the next year to the western bank of the Ashley river, and there laid the foundation of old Charleston. The site was not well chosen, for it could not be approached by vessels of large burden, and was therefore abandoned. A second removal took place to Oyster Point, formed by the junction of Ashley and Cooper rivers, and there, in the year 1680, the foundations of the present city of Charleston were laid. In one year thirty houses were built. The names of only two of these original settlers of Charleston have been handed down to posterity, viz.: William Sayle and Joseph West.

11. What took place in 1729? Who was the last Proprietary governor? Who the first royal governor? CHAPTER XVI.-1. When was the first settlement made by the English 'p

2. William Sayle was the first governor, but he died soon after his arrival, and was succeeded by Joseph West, who, for upwards of twenty years, bore the chief sway in the colony. The colonists brought with them the same constitution of government which had been drawn up for North Carolina by John Locke.

3. It was found impossible to carry out in all particulars the provisions of this constitution, but the colonists resolved to come as nigh it as possible, and accordingly elected a council and representatives. Of the first laws passed nothing is known. The first law which has been found on record in the office of the secretary of the province, is dated May 26, 1682.

4. By appointment of the council, Joseph West succeeded William Sayle as governor until the pleasure of the Proprietors could be known. Sir John Yeamans as Landgrave claimed the office, and the Proprietors judged it expedient that the government should be committed to him. He brought with him from the Barbadoes about fifty families, and nearly two hundred slaves. This was the beginning of negro slavery in South Carolina (1671). During the administration of Yeamans the Spaniards caused considerable trouble, by sending emissaries to Charleston to excite the inhabitants to revolt; to encourage servants to run away from their masters; and to instigate the savages to exterminate the whites.

5. In 1673 the colony was strengthened by the arrival of nu abers of Dutch from the New Netherlands, which had passed into the hands of the English. Many of the inhabitants of that colony sought new homes.

6. Disputes having arisen between the Proprietors and

South Carolina? At what place? In what year were the foundations of Charleston laid?

2. Who was the first governor? Who succeeded him?

3. What is said of the laws?

4. When was negro slavery introduced into South Carolina? By whom?

5. How was the colony strengthened in 1673 ?

6. Who succeeded Yeamans? How many governors were there in the spac of five years? What was the cause of this rapid succession ?

Sir John Yeamans concerning the heavy expenses of the colony and the deficient returns therefrom, he retired to Barbadoes, where he soon after died. He was succeeded by Joseph West in 1674. West's administration continued for eight years. After this, in the short space of four years, to wit: from 1682 to 1686, there were no less than five governors: Joseph Morton, Joseph West, Richard Kyrle, Robert Quarry, and James Colleton. This rapid succession of governors was caused by the close and bitter contests between the two parties existing in the colony. From the very first there were seeds of strife and discord, which soon sprang up and grew strong and rank.

7. Of the two parties, one was composed of cavaliers, to whom large grants of land had been made, who were attached to the Church of England, and who favored the prerogative and authority of the Proprietors; the other was composed of dissenters from the Church of England, and democrats in principle; these looked with a jealous eye upon. any class which claimed prescriptive rights and privileges either in church or state. The former contended that the laws received from England ought to be implicitly obeyed; the latter looked at local circumstances, and contended that the laws brought from England should be observed only so far as they were consistent with the interest of the colony. In this situation no governor could long support his power. Whenever he endeavored to exert his authority, his person was insulted and his administration complained of until he was removed from office.

8. During Morton's second administration, in 1686, the Spaniards laid waste the settlements of Port Royal. Morton then prepared to attack St. Augustine, but was prevented by the interference of the Proprietors. During the same. year large accessions were made to the strength of the

7. What was the character of the two opposing parties? How was the gover or treated by his opponents!

8. What took place in 1686 ? How was the colony strengthened this year!

colony by numbers of Protestant refugees, known as Huguenots, from France, who were compelled to flee from that country by the revocation of the edict of Nantes.

9. Soon after the accession of Colleton, in 1686, he determined to exert his authority and compel the people to pay up their arrears of quit-rents. The quit-rents were trifling in amount per acre, but there were so many thousand acres out of which no profit was drawn, that the rents were really burdensome. The governor, being determined to exert his authority in collecting the rents, wrote to the Proprietors to appoint deputies to assist him in the execution of his office. But he soon found that the more rigorous he was the more turbulent the people became. The colony was a scene of confusion.

10. Mortified at his loss of power and his utter inability to enforce the collection of rents, Governor Colleton came to the conclusion, by the advice of his council, to declare martial law. Accordingly he called out the militia, as if some danger threatened the country, and at their head martial law was publicly proclaimed. But this proceeding served only to exasperate; the Assembly met and resolved that it was an assumption of power and an unwarrantable encroachment on their liberties. It was in vain that the governoi endeavored to carry out his measures. In 1690 a bill was passed by the Assembly, disabling Landgrave James Colleton from holding any office or exercising any authority within the province; and they gave him notice that within a certain time he must leave the colony.

11. In the midst of these disturbances, the notorious Seth Sothel, who had been banished from North Carolina, made his appearance, and pretending to be one of the Proprietors, usurped the government. At first the people acknowledged his authority, but soon finding him destitute

9. What did Colleton undertake? With what success !

10. What course did Colleton pursue? In 1690 what act was passed by the Assembly? 11. What is said of Seth Sothel? His conduct?