High Speed Wind Tunnel Testing

aerodynamic air flow air temperature aircraft airstream angle of attack axial force axis balance blowdown tunnel boundary layer calculated calibration cent circuit coefficient compressor cone cooler cooling deflection density determine dewpoint diameter diffuser downstream drag drier duct effects equation flight freestream heat transfer heater high-speed wind tunnel Hotshot hypersonic inches increase inlet installation Langley Field lb/ft² loads Mach number Mach wave manometer maximum measured NASA nearsonic normal force normal shock nozzle obtained pitching pitching moment pressure drop pressure ratio probe psia pump range Reynolds number roll second throat settling chamber shock wave shown in Fig speed stability stagnation pressure static pressure storage tank strain gage subsonic supersonic tunnels Supersonic Wind Tunnels surface test section thermocouple total pressure total temperature transonic transonic tunnels tube tunnel operation turbulent typical upstream usually valve velocity wind tunnel tests wing wire