ARTICLE III. THE LEGISLATURE, 197-454-

SEC. I. LEGISLATIVE POWER, 197-333.

Colonial legislative system, 198.

Legislative Power, 198-333.

General view of subject, 198.-Scope of power, 200.-Retrospective

statutes, 203.-Statutes presumed valid, 206.

Attorneys, 207.

Commerce, 207-210.

Concurrent Resolution, 210.

Corporations, 210-214-

Actions, 210.-Banks; cemeteries; consolidation; eminent domain,

211.-Franchise not exclusive; foreign corporations; forfeiture,

212.-Increased burdens; insurance; mileage books; plank roads;

railroads, 213.-Reserved power of amendment or repeal; school

districts; town aid; trusts, 214.

Crimes, 215-218.

Sovereign power to maintain social order; arson, 215.-Electrocu-

tion; future cases; indeterminate sentence; jurisdiction; place of

imprisonment, 216.-Place of trial; second offense; state not liable

to person convicted of crime, 217.-Suspension of sentence; uni-

formity not required, 218

Declaratory Statute, 218.

Delegation of Legislative Power, 218-223.

Boards of supervisors; cemeteries; corporations; courts; eminent

domain; foreign insurance companies, 219.-Free school law; local

approval, 220.-Local boards, 222.-Official terms; municipal cor-

porations; United States; villages, 223.

Discrimination, 224.

Elections, 224, 225.

Declaring result of election; election districts; special elections;

town meetings, 224.

Equal Protection of the Laws, 225-228.

Foreign corporation not a person, 225.-Civil service, veterans; local
and special legislation not prohibited; punishments; license fees;

barbering on Sunday; tax on insurance agents; separate schools,

226.-Security for costs; poolselling; hours of labor; savings bank

tax; United States flag, 227.-Automobiles, 228.

Evidence, 228-232.

Changing rules of evidence, 228.-Physical examinations; presump-

tions, 229.

Excise, 232.

Ex Post Facto Laws, 232-234-

1. Affirmative decisions; 2. Negative decisions, 233.

Franchise, 234-237.

Ferries, 234-Fulton steamboat grant; rival franchise, 235.—Street

railroads, 236.

Habeas Corpus, 237.

Writ cannot be abrogated, 237.

Highways and Streets, 237-239.

Indian Lands, 239.

Federal control supreme, 239.

Judiciary, 239-243.

Admiralty; city courts, 239.-Court of appeals, 240.—Extraordinary

terms; jurors; justices' courts, 241.—Legislature; supreme court;

Troy recorder, 242.

Labor, 243.

Limitation of Actions, 243-245.

Moral Obligation, 245-249.

Municipal Corporations, 249-255.

Aid to private corporations, 249.—Bonds; civil service; claims, 250.—

Enabling act; labor law, 251.-Loans for highways; local affairs;

new civil divisions; New York, 252.-Ordinances; parks; public

health, 254-Regulating liability; towns, 255.

Navigable Waters, 255, 256.

Nuisance, 256, 257.

Obligation of Contracts, 257-274-

Albany basin; bankrupts, 257.-Brooklyn garbage act; cemeteries;

certificate of deposit; civil damage act; competing franchise, 258.—

Constitutional amendment; corporations, 259.-Dower; eminent

domain, 262.-Exemptions; franchise tax; harbor masters; insur-

ance, 264-Judgments; legislative contracts; liquor tax law, 265.—

Lotteries; married women, 266.—Mechanic's lien; mileage books;

municipal corporations, 267.-Officers, 268.-Patents of land; pre-

ferred creditors, 269.-Public printer; railroads, 270.-Recording

acts; remedies, 271.-State contract; statute of limitations, 273.—

Supreme court reporter; trusts; wills, 274.

Officers, 274-276.

Police Power, 276-289.

In general, 276.-Amusements; animals at large; buildings; business,

277.—Cemeteries; children, 279.—Commerce, 280.-Commitments;

excise; fires; fish; flag, 281.-Food products; foreign insurance

companies; Indian lands; labor, 282.—Navigation; nuisance, 283.—

Ordinances, 284.-Personal rights; pilots; poor persons; prison-

made goods, 285.-Public health, 286.-Railroads, 287.-Riparian

owner; streets, 288.-Summary seizures; Sunday; tenement

houses, 289.

Privileges and Immunities, 289-293.

Historical sketch, 289.-Scope of provision; citizens of another

state; nonresident, 290.—Agents of foreign insurance companies;

fugitive slaves; separate schools, 291.-Civil service, veterans ;

elective franchise; foreign corporation, 292.-Procedure in criminal

trial; appointment to office, 293.

Procedure, 293-296.

Appeal, 293.-Conditional right of action; criminal cases; foreign

corporations, 294.-Liquor tax law; minors; place of trial; prefer-

ences in civil actions, 295.-Security for costs; substituted service;

surplus in partition, 296.

Property, 296, 297.

Ratification, 297-300.

General rule, 297.-Common council; corporations, 298.-Elections;

repealed statute; state officers; towns; unconstitutional acts, 299.

Remedy, 300-303.

Extent of power, 300.-Appropriations; contract not affected; in-

surance law, 301.-Judgments; mechanic's lien; penalty; pending

action; remedy a matter of right, 302.-Retrospective acts; revival

of action; service of process; torts, 303.

Separable Provisions, 303-305.

General rule, 303.-Should the governor have power to veto separ-

able provisions? 305.

Slaves, 305-307.

State Maritime Jurisdiction, 307.

Sunday, 308.

Taxation, 308-324.

Power necessary in organized government, 308.-Legislative power

practically unlimited, 309.-Action to collect tax; apportionment,

310.-Discrimination, 312.-Double taxation, 313.-Drafted men;

foreign corporations; franchise tax, 314.-Imports, 315.-Indian

lands; indirect taxation; interstate commerce; license; limited dis-

trict, 316.-Moral obligation; municipal corporations, 318.-Non-

resident; notice, 319.-Private purpose; public property; railroad

aid; redemption; release, 320.-State property; transfer tax, 321.—

United States bonds, 322.-Validation, 323.

Vested Rights, 324-332.

In general; actions, 324.-Adverse possession; appeal; contracts;

corporations, 325.-Damages; declaratory laws, 326.—Divorce; evi-

dence; execution; exemptions; extra allowance, 327.—Highways;

inheritance tax; judgments; labor law; married women, 328.—

Municipal corporations, 329.-New York; officers, 330.—Pardons;

penalties; pension; railroad, 331.-Tax deed; tax sale, 332.

General statement, 332-334-

Wills, 332-334.

SEC. 2. SENATE AND ASSEMBLY, HOW CONSTITUTED, 334-

Origin and purpose of section, 334.

SEC. 3. SENATE DISTRICTS, 334-344.

Historical sketch, 341.-Apportionment of 1894, 342.

SEC. 4 CENSUS; SENATE REAPPORTIONMENT, 344-346.

Scope of section; apportionments, 345.-Enumeration; senate dis-

tricts, 346.

SEC. 5. ASSEMBLY APPORTIONMENT, 346-355.

Rules of apportionment, 351.-Assembly districts, 352.-Boards of

supervisors; Constitution directory as to time, 353.-New counties

and towns, 354.—Wards, 355.

SEC. 6. COMPENSATION OF MEMBERS, 355.

SEC. 7. MEMBERS NOT TO RECEIVE CERTAIN CIVIL APPOINTMENTS, 356-360.

Origin of provision, 356.—Amended in 1846 and 1874, 357.—Appli-

cation of provision, practical construction in 1823, 359.

SEC. 8. CERTAIN OFFICERS DISqualified as MEMBERS, 360, 361.

Scope of section, 361.

SEC. 9. TIME OF ELECTIONS, 361-363.

Historical sketch, 361.—Convention of 1821, 362.-General election

day, 363.

SEC. 10. QUORUM, SPECIAL POWERS OF EACH HOUSE, 363, 364

Scope of section, 363.

SEC. II. JOURNals; public sessions; adjourNMENTS, 364, 365.

Colonial assembly, independent power of adjournment, 365.

SEC. 12. PRIVILEGES OF MEMBERS 365, 366.

Freedom of debate, 365.

SEC. 13. BILLS MAY ORIGINATE IN EITHER HOUSE, 366-368.

Henry Wheaton's statement of colonial policy, 1821, 366.-Colonial

assembly asserted exclusive control of money bills; history of

colonial controversy, 367.

SEC. 14. ENACTING CLAUSE, 368-375.

Historical sketch, 369.

SEC. 15. MANner of passING BILLS, 375-377.

History and application of section, 375.

SEC. 16. PRIVATE AND LOCAL BILLS LIMITED TO ONE SUBJECT, 377-410.

Origin of section, 377.-Application of section; what is a private or

local bill? 380.-Statutes held valid, 383-402.-Statutes held in-

valid, 402-410.

SEC. 17. EXISTING LAWS NOT APPLICABLE BY REFERENCE, 410-415.

Origin and application of section, 410-415.

SEC. 18. PRIVATE AND LOCAL BILLS LIMITED; STREET RAILROADS, 415-434-

Historical sketch, 417.-Changing names of persons; highways, 418.