Credit, 159 f.
Customs, of the clan, 20-26, 30,

31, 34; contrasted with law,
59-61; of merchants, 99-100.

ings of, 101 ff.; and respon-

sibility, 141-43. See Liberty.
Free men,

in Domesday, 42;
in Magna Carta, 106, 121.

See Liberty.
Frontier, influence of, 152 f.,

291.

Declaration of Independence,

133, 171, 172, 183, 273, 274 f.
Democracy, favored by town

life, 88; growth in early
state, 111-15; limits of, 116;
law as aid to, 127 f.; pro-
moted by religious teachers,
129 f.; by philosophers, 130;
based on freedom and respon-
sibility, 141-43; in New
World settlers, 149-153; in-
fluence of frontiers on, 152,
291; two meanings of, 221;
four reasons for self-govern-
ment, 222-28; blocked by the
Constitution and courts, 261;
as equality, 268-83; progress
and present tasks of, 284-96;
opposed by militarism, 47, 49,
315. See Autocracy, Equal-
ity, Liberty, Militarism, Self-

Government.
Domesday Book, 42, 53.

Gentlemen and gentry, 73-76,

93, 149 f.
Gilds, 86-88.
Goodnow, Frank J., 263 f.
Government, in early clan by

custom and old men, 20 ff.;
by lord and his court, 40;
by king and state, 46 ff., 55 ff.,
112; by law, 59, 127 f.; en-
larged to include Parliament,
112-14; based on consent of
governed, 133, 171 f.; oppres-
sion by feared, 174, not now
chief danger, 179-81; organi-
zation of national in United
States, 183 ff.; powers of
federal, 193; checks and bal-
ances in, 198 ff.; democratic,
221-29; by special interest,
232-39; progress toward de-
mocracy, 241 ff. See Consti-
tution, Courts, Democracy,
King, Law, Party, President,

Self-Government, Suffrage.
Grant, U. S., 306 f., 308.
Groups, clan as early, 16;

state, 46; warrior, 36 ff., 66;
gentry, 74 f.; morals of, 76.
Šee Labor Unions, State,

Town, Union.
Hale, E. E., 148.
Hamilton, Alexander, 197, 200,

242.
Hobbes, 274.
Honesty, among traders, 98 f.;

required by gilds, 99, 100.
Honor, 67; as ideal of warrior

class, 67-76; other ideals,

97 f., 307. See Honesty.
Ideals, of warrior class, ch.

VII; of knight, 72; of gen-

Education, necessary for free-

dom, 102, 115, 119, 120, 177-
79; makes for international
harmony, 313, 321. See In-

vention, Knowledge.
Egypt, slavery in, 44; justice

in, 135.
Emerson, R. W., 320.
Equality and inequality, as

theories of society, 268 ff.;
arguments for each, 269-82;
five kinds of, 284 ff.; before
the law, 284 f.; in voting,
285-89; social, 289-94; in

business, 294.
Equity, 130.

Franklin, Benjamin, 170, 190.
Freedom, in savage life, 31; in

early England, 41 f., 93; de-
velopment of, 101 ff.; mean-

tleman, 73-79; of middle
class, 96-100; of America,

148 ff.
Impeachment, 251 f.
Imperialism, 166.
Income tax, 266.
Indians, American, mode of

life, 9, 11, 37, 272; relations

with United States, 305-7.
Initiation, 22.
Initiative, 250.
Insurance, and government,

235 f.
Interests, adjustment of in

Constitution, 197-201; of
capital and labor, 214 ff.;
farming vs. manufacturing,
243; special, seek to control,

232-39.
International relations, 298 ff.;

recent change in policy of
United States, 312 f.; peace
and coöperation, 320-22.
Inventions, 6-8, 154 f., 203, 276.
Invisible government, 232.
Ives vs. South Buffalo R. R.,

265.

Labor, despised by gentry, 43,

66, 78, 80, 93; performed by
monks, 96; made honorable,
97; affected by Industrial
Revolution, 154-57; division
of, 10-12, 43, 156. See Labor

Unions.
Labor unions, 88, 157, 215 f.,

219 f.
Lady, 75 f.
Land, ownership of, 62-65, 150-

52.
Langland, 136.
Law, the common, 59-62; com-

pared with customs, 60 f.; de-
fense of liberty, 62, 107 f.,
125-28; worked injustice,
139; built up by judicial de-
cisions, 225-58; by interpreta-
tions, 258-60; constitution as
fundamental, 260. See Con-

stitution, Courts.
Law Merchant, 99 f.
League of Peace, 314.
Liberty, protected by common

law, 61 f.; of the gild, 87;
promoted by towns, 89, 94;
six meanings of, 101-15; na-
tional, 103-6; special privi-
lege, 45, 87, 94, 106 f., 120-
23, 125; civil, 61 f., 107-111,
172-74; political, 111-15, 121-
23, 172 f., 286-88; how gained,
117-28; religious, 138, 168,
173; value of, 105 f., 141;
meaning of in 1776, 174; edu-
cation as aid to, 177-179;
present problems of, 180-82;
and union, 207; threatened by
war, 317; war in defense of,

319 f. See Freedom, Rights.
Lincoln, Abraham, quoted, 168,

221, 223; on slavery issue,
205, 207; on the Supreme
Court's decision, 262 f.; on
the meaning of the Declara-
tion, 275; on might and

right, 322.
Locke, John, 132 f., 274.
Long ballot, 239.

James, William, 281.
Jarrett, Devereux, 290.
Jefferson, Thomas, 34, 175, 205,

243, 274, 291 f.
Jury, 62, 109-111, 173.

28;

wars

King, head of warriors, 36; in-

creasing powers of, 49-54; as
keeper of order, 57 f.; pro-
moter of trade, 51; and jury,
109; in relation to law, 126-
tendency to

of
aggression, 228. See Democ-

racy, Militarism.
Kipling, Rudyard, 277.
Knight, 72.
Knowledge, of early man, 6-8,

33; necessary for progress,
34; favored by towns, 91-93;
necessary for liberty, 115 f.,
119, 177 f.; tends toward in-
ternational harmony, 313.

Lords, 39, 45, 70.
Lowell, J. R., 320, 322.
Loyalty, to group, 32; to a lord,

70 f.; to a nation, 206 f.,
297 f.; to mankind, 321.

Machines, 154-56.
Madison, James, 197 f., 242.
Magna Carta, 106, 118, 121.
Majority rule, 224 f.
Manor, 39-42.
Marbury vs. Madison, 260.
Marriage, 22.
Marshall, John, 261.
Mayflower, 147, 185-87.
McLaughlin, A. C., 198.
Merchants, early, usually for-

eigners, 98, 148; in town life,
81; early morals of, 98 f.;
customs and law, 99 f.
Mexican War, 308 f.
Militarism, what it is, 315;

origin, 42-45; ideals of, 77-
80; opposed to democracy,
47, 49; contemptuous of non-
military, 66, 77 f., 315; its
view of war, 315 f.; criticism
of, 318, 320-22. See also Pa-

cifism, War.
Milton, John, 131 f.
Money, 159.
Monroe Doctrine, 299, 301-5.
More, Thomas, 136-38.
Nation, the United States as,

168, 183, 207, 297 f.; limits
of a single, 298; relations to
other nations, 297-315. See
International Relations, State,

Union.
Order, 55 ff.
Ordinance of 1787, 176, 177.
Pacifism, its arguments, 317 f.
Panama Canal tolls, 308, 310.
Panama Zone controversy, 308,

310.
Parliament, 54, 112-14, 247.
Party, early fear of, 242;

agency of government, 241-
46, 248 f.

Paul, St., 103, 273.
Peace, 55; the king's, 57 f.;

United States policy, 299,
311-15; as ideal compared
with coöperation, 314. See

Coöperation, Pacifism, War.
Peasant Revolt, 118 f., 129.
Philip, Captain, 73.
Philippines, 309 f.
Pilgrims, 147, 168, 185-87.
Plato, 137.
Post office, 203 f.
President, of the United States,

original idea of the office,
198 f., 245; as representative
of the people, 246, 248 f.;
election of, 241; head of his

party, 248 f.
Progress, main stages, 8; tasks

of, 34; in government, lib-
erty, democracy, interna-
tional relations, union, see

these titles.
Property, in land, 62-65; aid

to freedom, 124; More on,
137 f.; regarded as natural
right, 172, 173; in the Con-

stitution, 199.
Race problems, 208-14.
Railways, aids to commerce,

155; capitalization of, 160;
attempted to control govern-

ment, 235.
Recall, 251; of judges, 252-54.
Referendum, 250 f.
Religion, and liberty, 129 f.,

135, 137, 138, 173. See also

Liberty.
Revolution, American, of 1776,

153, 291.
Revolution, Industrial, nature

of, 153-62; problems set by,
162-67; makes classes, 293,
and also promotes democracy

in labor, 293 f.
Rights, natural, 103, 133 f.,

170; in Virginia Declaration,
171; in Declaration of Inde-
pendence, 171. See Liberty,
civil.

Robin Hood, 136.
Roosevelt, Theodore, 303, 310.
Rousseau, 134.

by kings, 51; connected with
growth of towns and middle

class, 81-95.
Trade-unions. See Labor Unions.
Turner, Frederick, 291.

Savage society, chs. I, II, III.
Scott, Walter, 18, 19, 37.
Self-government, democracy as,

221-29; obstacles to, 230-40;
progress toward, by parties,
241-45; in choice of Presi-
dent, 241; further measures
toward, 250 ff. See Democ-

racy, Government.
Serfs. See Slavery, Villein.
Shay's Rebellion, 189 f.
Short Ballot, 240.
Sidney, Philip, 73.
Slavery, 36, 43, 44, 103, 164,

176, 204, 223.
Solomon, 14, 90.
Spain, war with, 309.
State, formed by band of war-

riors, 46 ff.; expansion of,
49; source of order, 55 ff.; of
common law, 59. See De-

mocracy, Government, King.
Suffrage, Parliamentary, 113 f.,

247; qualifications for, in
colonies and United States,

286-88; equal, 288.
Supreme Court, of the United

States, 230 f.; place in Con-
stitution, 199, 230 f.; as in-
terpreter of the Constitution,
260 f.; Lincoln on, 262 f.;
various decisions of, 219, 266.

Union, as source of power and

progress, 8; limits in clan
life, 33; larger of state, 37 ff.;
of towns, 81; of gilds, 86-88,
of factory workers, 157;
among the early colonists,
183; need of closer, 189; pro-
vided by constitution, 192-
201; further growth of, 202-
7; threatened by slavery is-
sue, 204-6, problems of race,
208-14; of capital and labor,
214-20; among nations, 298,

313.
Utopia, 136-38.

Village, 37, 38, 39, 46, 63.
Villeins, 41, 42, 44 f., 114, 118 f.

War and warriors, 36, 42-45;

ideals of, 65-80; defects in
warrior's courage, 68; in
loyalty, 71; Civil, the, 183,
207, 209; Mexican, 308 f.;
with Spain, 309; arguments
for, 316 f.; against, 317 f.;
not the worst evil, 319 f.;
shows backwardness of civili.
zation, 320-22.
Washington, George, 190 f.,

293; on foreign policy of the
United States, 299, 305,

311 f.
Webster, Daniel, 216 f.
Wilson, Woodrow, on democracy

vs. autocracy, 228 f.; on Mon.
roe Doctrine, 304; also 213,

248, 315.
Women, in savage life, 10, 11,

17, 23; in the manor, 47; in
the state, 48 f.; in chivalry,
72; voters, 288.

Taboo, 11, 24, 25, 26, 30.
Taft, William H., 213, 310; on

judiciary, 254, 263.
Tammany Hall, 233 f.
Taxation, 52 f.
Tithing, 58.
Tools, 7, 13, 154.
Town, the, origin, 83; classes

in, 84, favored liberty, 89, 94.

94.
Trade, gifts as, 13, 14; favored