necessary in order to save them from any danger caused by the collision, and also to give to the master or person in charge of the other vessel the name of his own vessel, and her port of registry, or the port or place to which she belongs, and also the name of the ports and places from which and to which she is bound. If he fails to do so, and no reasonable cause for such failure is shown, the collision shall, in the absence of proof to the contrary, be deemed to have been caused by his wrongful act, neglect or default. That every master or person in charge of a United States vessel who fails without reasonable cause to render such assistance or give such information as aforesaid, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be liable to a penalty of one thousand dollars, or imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years; and for the above sum the vessel shall be liable and may be seized and proceeded against by process in any district court of the United States by any person; one-half such sum to be payable to the informer, and the other half to the United States."

RULES OF 1864.

[U. S. R. S., sec. 4233.]

The following rules for preventing collisions on the water shall be followed in the navigation of vessels of the navy and of the mercantile marine of the United States:

STEAM AND SAIL VESSELS.

RULE 1. Every steam-vessel which is under sail, and not under steam, shall be considered a sail-vessel; and every steam-vessel which is under steam, whether under sail or not, shall be considered a steam-vessel. [The Hyppodame, 6 Wall. 216; The Carroll, 8 Wall. 302; The Fairbanks, 9 Wall. 420; The Corsica, 9 Wall. 630; The Scotia, 14 Wall. 170; The Continental, 14 Wall. 345; The Chesapeake, 5 Blatch. 411; The Huntsville, 8 Blatch. 228; The Pennsylvania, 19 Wall. 125; The Sunnyside, 91 U. S. 208; The John L. Hasbrouck, 93 U. S. 405; The D. P. (Kelly v. Thompson), 1 Low. 124; The Santiago de Cuba, 10 Blatch. 444; The Atlas, 10 Blatch. 459; The Narragansett, 10 Blatch. 475; The Bristol, 10 Blatch. 537; The Leo,.11 Blatch. 225; The Hammonia, 11 Blatch. 413; The Porter, 2 Dill. 146.]

LIGHTS.

RULE 2. The lights mentioned in the following rules, and no others, shall be carried in all weathers, between sunset and sunrise. [The Glaucus, 1 Low. 366.]

LIGHTS FOR OCEAN-GOING STEAMERS AND STEAMERS CARRYING SAIL

RULE 3. All ocean-going steamers, and steamers carrying sail, shall, when under way, carry —

(a) At the foremast head, a bright white light, of such a character as to be visible on a dark night, with a clear atmosphere, at a distance of at least five miles, and so constructed as to show a uniform and unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of twenty points of the compass, and so fixed as to throw the light ten points on each side of the vessel, namely, from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on either side. [The Ontario, 2 Low. 40; The W. H. Clark, 5 Biss. 295; The Scotia, 14 Wall. 170, 183; The Vesper, 9 Fed. R. 574; Hoben v. The Westover, 2 Fed. R. 91; Marshall v. The Tug Conroy, id. 785; The Glaucus, 1 Low. 366.]

(b) On the starboard side, a green light, of such a character as to be visible on a dark night, with a clear atmosphere, at a distance of at least two miles, and so constructed as to show a uniform and unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of ten points of the compass, and so fixed as to throw the light from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on the starboard side. [The Narragansett, 11 Fed. R. 918; Carlton v.

United States, 10 Ct. Cl. 492; Clendennin v. The Alhambra, 4 Fed. R. 86; The Drew, 25 Fed. R. 457, 461; The Howard, 30 Fed. R. 280; The Sea Caucus, 34 Fed. R. 68; The Manhassett, 34 Fed. R. 408.]

(c) On the port side, a red light, of such a character as to be visible on a dark night, with a clear atmosphere, at a distance of at least two miles, and so constructed as to show a uniform and unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of ten points of the compass, and so fixed as to throw the light from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on the port side. [The Santiago de Cuba, 10 Blatch. 444, 453.]

The green and red light shall be fitted with inboard screens, projecting at least three feet forward from the lights, so as to prevent them from being seen across the bow.

LIGHTS FOR TOWING-STEAMERS.

RULE 4. Steam-vessels, when towing other vessels, shall carry two bright white mast-head lights vertically, in addition to their side-lights, so as to distinguish them from other steam-vessels. Each of these masthead lights shall be of the same character and construction as the mast-head lights prescribed by Rule 3. [The City of Troy, 9 Ben. 466, 469; The Favorite, 9 Fed. R. 709; The Ant, 10 Fed. R. 300; United States v. Miller, 26 Fed. R. 96.]

LIGHTS FOR STEAMERS NOT OCEAN-GOING NOR CARRYING SAIL

RULE 5. All steam-vessels, other than ocean-going steamers and steamers carrying sail, shall, when under way, carry on the starboard and port sides lights of the same character and construction and in the same position as are prescribed for side-lights by Rule 3, except in the case provided in Rule 6. [Bragg v. Day, 21 Fed. R. 729.]

LIGHTS FOR STEAMERS ON WESTERN RIVERS.

RULE 6. River-steamers navigating waters flowing in the Gulf of Mexico, and their tributaries, shall carry the following lights, namely: One red light on the outboard side of the port smoke-pipe, and one green light on the outboard side of the starboard smoke-pipe. Such lights shall show both forward and abeam on their respective sides.

LIGHTS FOR COASTING STEAM-VESSELS AND STEAM-VESSELS NAVIGATING BAYS, LAKES AND RIVERS.

RULE 7. All coasting steam-vessels and steam-vessels other than ferry-boats and vessels otherwise expressly provided for, navigating the bays, lakes, rivers or other inland waters of the United States, except those mentioned in Rule 6, shall carry the red and green lights as prescribed for ocean-going steamers, and, in addition thereto, a central range of two white lights; the after-light being carried at an elevation of at least fifteen feet above the light at the head of the vessel. The

head-light shall be so constructed as to show a good light through twenty points of the compass, namely: from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on either side of the vessel; and the after-lights so as to show all around the horizon.

THE LIGHTS FOR FERRY-BOATS

shall be regulated by such rules as the board of supervising inspectors of steam-vessels shall prescribe. (See additional rules below.) [The Continental, 14 Wall. 345; The Conoho, 24 Fed. R. 760; The Glaucus, 1 Low. 366; The City of Troy, 9 Ben. 466, 470; Chase v. Belden, 9 N. E. R. 852.]

LIGHTS FOR SAILING-VESSELS.

RULE 8. Sail-vessels, under way or being towed, shall carry the same lights as steam-vessels under way, with the exception of the white mast-head lights, which they shall never carry. (See Rule 3, b and c.) [The Ontario, 2 Low. 40, 44; The Vesper, 9 Fed. R. 574; The Narragansett, 11 Fed. R. 919; United States v. Miller, 26 Fed. R. 95; The Scotia, 14 Wall 170; The Wanata, 95 U. S. 600; The Huntsville, 8 Blatch. 228.]

EXCEPTIONAL LIGHTS FOR SMALL SAILING-VESSELS.

RULE 9. Whenever, as in case of small vessels during bad weather, the green and red lights cannot be fixed, these lights shall be kept on deck, on their respective sides of the vessel, ready for instant exhibition, and shall, on the approach of or to other vessels, be exhibited on their respective sides in sufficient time to prevent collision, in such manner as to make them most visible, and so that the green light shall not be seen on the port side, nor the red light on the starboard side. To make the use of these portable lights more certain and easy, they shall each be painted outside with the color of the light they respectively contain, and shall be provided with suitable screens.

LIGHTS FOR STEAM-VESSELS AND SAILING-VESSELS AT ANCHOR. RULE 10. All vessels, whether steam-vessels or sail-vessels, when at

anchor

or

in roadsteads or fair-ways, shall, between sunset and sunrise,

exhibit where it can best be seen, but at a height not exceeding twenty feet above the hull, a white light in a globular lantern of eight inches in diameter, and so constructed as to show a clear, uniform and unbroken light, visible all around the horizon, and at a distance of at least one mile. [The Oliver, 22 Fed. R. 851; The Ant, 10 Fed. R. 294, 300; The Erastus Corning, 25 Fed. R. 572; The Isaac Bell, 9 Fed. R. 842.]

LIGHTS FOR PILOT-VESSELS,

RULE 11. Sailing pilot-vessels shall not carry the lights required for other sailing-vessels, but shall carry a white light at the mast-head, visible all around the horizon, and shall also exhibit a flare-up light

every fifteen minutes. [The New Orleans, 9 Ben. 303; The Ullock, 19 Fed. R. 210.]

LIGHTS FOR COAL-BOATS, TRADING-BOATS, RAFTS, AND OTHER LIKE CRAFT.

RULE 12. Coal-boats, trading-boats, produce-boats, canal-boats, oysterboats, fishing-boats, rafts, or other water-craft, navigating any bay, harbor or river, by hand-power, horse-power, sail, or by the current of the river, or which shall be anchored or moored in or near the channel or fair-way of any bay, harbor or river, shall carry one or more good white lights, which shall be placed in such manner as shall be prescribed by the board of supervising inspectors of steam-vessels.

Rule 12 shall be so construed as not to require row-boats and skiffs upon the River St. Lawrence to carry lights. (Act June 19, 1886.) [The Alabama, 26 Fed. R. 866; Williams v. The Whisper, 37 Fed. R. 495. See Inspectors' Rules, page 80.]

LIGHTS FOR OPEN BOATS.

RULE 13. Open boats shall not be required to carry the side-lights required for other vessels, but shall, if they do not carry such lights, carry a lantern having a green slide on one side and a red slide on the other side; and, on the approach of or to other vessels, such lantern shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision, and in such a manner that the green light shall not be seen on the port side, nor the red light on the starboard side. Open boats, when at anchor or stationary, shall exhibit a bright white light. They shall not, however, be prevented from using a flare-up, in addition, if considered expedient. [United States v. Miller, 26 Fed. R. 95.]

LIGHTS ON VESSELS OF THE UNITED STATES NAVY.

RULE 14. The exhibition of any light on board of a vessel of war of the United States may be suspended whenever, in the opinion of the secretary of the navy, the commander-in-chief of a squadron, or the commander of a vessel, acting singly, the special character of the service may require it.

FOG-SIGNALS.

RULE 15. Whenever there is a fog, or thick weather, whether by day or night, fog-signals shall be used as follows:

(a) Steam-vessels under way shall sound a steam-whistle placed before the funnel, not less than eight feet from the deck, at intervals of not more than one minute. [The Perkiomen, 27 Fed. R. 573; The Leland, 19 Fed. R. 773; The Porter, 2 Dill. 146.]

(b) Sail-vessels under way shall sound a fog-horn at intervals of not more than five minutes. [The Hammonia, 4 Ben. 517; 11 Blatch. 414; The Leo, 11 Blatch. 225; The Pennsylvania, 19 Wall. 125, 135; The Negaunee, 20 Fed. R. 921; The Monticello, 1 Low. 184]