The Economic Basis of PoliticsA.A. Knopf, 1922 - 99 страница |
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Страница 51
... peasants . In both of these countries each order formed a separate cham- ber and acted as a collective body . In Eng- land on the other hand , there were only two chambers in the political system , unless we treat the separate ...
... peasants . In both of these countries each order formed a separate cham- ber and acted as a collective body . In Eng- land on the other hand , there were only two chambers in the political system , unless we treat the separate ...
Страница 59
... peasants . In the con- stitutional reorganization which followed the disturbances of the French Revolution and the Revolutionary Wars , this system was kept in- tact . Each class was not only distinctly repre- sented , but each class ...
... peasants . In the con- stitutional reorganization which followed the disturbances of the French Revolution and the Revolutionary Wars , this system was kept in- tact . Each class was not only distinctly repre- sented , but each class ...
Страница 60
... and in Dal- matia where the highest taxpayers were put into this group ) , ( 2 ) the burghers of the cities , markets and industrial places , ( 3 ) the peasants of the rural communes , and ( 4 ) [ 60 ] The Economic Basis of Politics.
... and in Dal- matia where the highest taxpayers were put into this group ) , ( 2 ) the burghers of the cities , markets and industrial places , ( 3 ) the peasants of the rural communes , and ( 4 ) [ 60 ] The Economic Basis of Politics.
Страница 61
Charles Austin Beard. peasants of the rural communes , and ( 4 ) the chambers of commerce . In 1873 indirect elec - ✓ tion was abandoned for direct election by popu- lar vote , but the system of class representation remained intact ...
Charles Austin Beard. peasants of the rural communes , and ( 4 ) the chambers of commerce . In 1873 indirect elec - ✓ tion was abandoned for direct election by popu- lar vote , but the system of class representation remained intact ...
Страница 69
... peasants . In the United States where there was no clerical estate or established nobility to be repre- sented in the government , the existence of the two fundamental property groups - the owners of realty and the owners of personalty ...
... peasants . In the United States where there was no clerical estate or established nobility to be repre- sented in the government , the existence of the two fundamental property groups - the owners of realty and the owners of personalty ...
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abolished agricultural Aristotle assemblies barons bourgeois burgesses burghers capitalist causes of revolutions century citizens civil class representation clergy common communist conclusions conflict constitution contradiction craft unions Declaration of Inde degrees and kinds demagogues democracy distribution of property distribution of wealth divided doctrine economic groups election England English erty fact forces forms and distribution foundations freeholders French Revolution fundamental government founded group representation House of Lords human John Locke kinds of property king labourers landed gentry landlords laws Machiavelli Madison manhood suffrage mediaeval ment middle class minority Montesquieu nature nobility nomic numerical majority oligarchy origin owners Parlia Parliament party peasants person philosophy political equality political power political science possession prop realm representatives right of suffrage Rousseau sentiments and views Servius Tullius Social Contract society statesmen stitutional struggle system of class terest theory third estate tion United Universal suffrage vote voters Webster whole writers
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Страница 30 - The latent causes of faction are thus sown in the nature of man . and we see them everywhere brought into different degrees of activity, according to the different circumstances of civil society.
Страница 31 - Those who hold and those who are without property have ever formed distinct interests in society. Those who are creditors, and those who are debtors, fall under a like discrimination. A landed interest, a manufacturing interest, a mercantile interest, a moneyed interest, with many lesser interests, grow up of necessity in civilized nations, and divide them into different classes, actuated by different sentiments and views.
Страница 39 - The freest government, if it could exist, would not be long acceptable, if the tendency of the laws were to create a rapid accumulation of property in few hands, and to render the great mass of the population dependent and penniless.
Страница 38 - They were themselves, either from their original condition, or from the necessity of their common interest, nearly on a general level in respect to property. Their situation demanded a parcelling out and division of the lands, and it may be fairly said, that this necessary act fixed the future frame and form of their government. The character of their political institutions was determined by the fundamental laws respecting property.
Страница 21 - ... they never learn, even at school, the habit of obedience. On the other hand, the very poor, who are in the opposite extreme, are too degraded. So that the one class cannot obey, and can only rule despotically; the other knows not how to command and must be ruled like slaves. Thus arises a city, not of freemen, but of masters and slaves, the one despising, the other envying...
Страница 21 - ... goods ; nor do others covet theirs, as the poor covet the goods of the rich ; and as they neither plot against others, nor are themselves plotted against, they pass through life safely. Wisely then did Phocylides pray, — 'Many things are best in the mean ; I desire to be of a middle condition in my city.
Страница 11 - Also fragen wir bestandig, Bis man uns mit einer Handvoll Erde endlich stopft die Mauler — Aber ist das eine Antwort?
Страница 27 - The great and chief end, therefore, of men's uniting into commonwealths and putting themselves under government is the preservation of their property.
Страница 30 - From the protection of different and unequal faculties of acquiring property, the possession of different degrees and kinds of property immediately results ; and from the influence of these on the sentiments and views of the respective proprietors, ensues a division of the society into different interests and parties.
Страница 20 - Now in all states there are three elements: one class is very rich, another very poor, and a third in a mean. It is admitted that moderation and the mean are best, and therefore it will clearly be best to possess the gifts of fortune in moderation; for in that condition of life men are most ready to follow rational principle.